Hidatidosis : enfermedad tercermundista ocultada en Catalunya /

Treball presentat a la Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.Treball presentat a l'assignatura de Deontologia i Veterinària Legal (21223

Sumoylation of Smc5 Promotes Error-free Bypass at Damaged Replication Forks

Replication of a damaged DNA template can threaten the integrity of the genome, requiring the use of various mechanisms to tolerate DNA lesions. The Smc5/6 complex, together with the Nse2/Mms21 SUMO ligase, plays essential roles in genome stability through undefined tasks at damaged replication forks. Various subunits within the Smc5/6 complex are substrates of Nse2, but we currently do not know the role of these modifications. Here we show that sumoylation of Smc5 is targeted to its coiled-coil domain, is upregulated by replication fork damage, and participates in bypass of DNA lesions. smc5-KR mutant cells display defects in formation of sister chromatid junctions and higher translesion synthesis. Also, we provide evidence indicating that Smc5 sumoylation modulates Mph1-dependent fork regression, acting synergistically with other pathways to promote chromosome disjunction. We propose that sumoylation of Smc5 enhances physical remodeling of damaged forks, avoiding the use of a more mutagenic tolerance pathway.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (BFU2015-71308-P, PGC2018-097796-B-I00)AGAUR-Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-SGR-569

Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent Atherothrombotic Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis

Atherothrombotic stroke represents approximately 20% of all ischemic strokes. It is caused by large-artery atherosclerosis, mostly in the internal carotid artery, and it is associated with a high risk of early recurrence. After an ischemic stroke, tissue plasminogen activator is used in clinical practice, although it is not possible in all patients. In severe clinical situations, such as high carotid stenosis (≥70%), revascularization by carotid endarterectomy or by stent placement is carried out to avoid recurrences. In stroke prevention, the pharmacological recommendations are based on antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive therapy. Inflammation is a promising target in stroke prevention, particularly in ischemic strokes associated with atherosclerosis. However, the use of anti-inflammatory strategies has been scarcely studied. No clinical trials are clearly successful and most preclinical studies are focused on protection after a stroke. The present review describes novel therapies addressed to counteract inflammation in the prevention of the first-ever or recurrent stroke. The putative clinical use of broad-spectrum and specific anti-inflammatory drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of atherosclerosis, will be outlined. Further studies are necessary to ascertain which patients may benefit from anti-inflammatory agents and how

Panoràmica

• Guerra i escriptura. Ressenya del llibre de Paul Preston "Idealistas bajo las balas: corresponsales extranjeros en la Guerra de España", a càrrec de David Caminada • Del disseny gràfic a la direcció d’art. Una visita guiada. Ressenya del llibre de Josep Rom "Sobre la direcció d’art", a càrrec de David Tetilla • Mirades crítiques de la realitat. Ressenya del llibre de Josetxo Cerdán i Casimiro Torreiro "Al otro lado de la ficción: trece documentalistas españoles contemporáneos", a càrrec de Magdalena Sellés • Propostes per a un retorn de la primavera política. Ressenya del llibre coordinat per Michel Wieviorka "La primavera de la política". Idees per acabar amb el declivi de la democràcia tradicional, a càrrec de Joaquim Colominas • An Impressive Body of Work. Ressenya del llibre d’Israel Paredes "Imágenes del cuerpo", a càrrec de Catherine Otey • Els cafès, una institució europea. Ressenya del llibre d’Antonio Martí Monterde "Poética del café", a càrrec de Jordi Berrio • L’economia a la televisió-espectacle. Ressenya del llibre de Lourdes Ballarín "La informació econòmica a la televisió, un espectacle que costa de veure", a càrrec de Iolanda Tortajada • En Met i el Comissariat de Propaganda. Ressenya del llibre d’Enric Pujol "Jaume Miravitlles i el Comissariat de Propaganda de la Generalitat de Catalunya (1936-1939)", a càrrec de Queralt Solé • Las palabras como símbolos de experiencias emocionales. Ressenya del llibre de Joan Sabaté i Ester Franquesa "Màrqueting lingüístic i consum", a càrrec de Josep M. de Ricarte • La deconstrucció d’un mite. Ressenya del llibre d’Enric Vila "Lluís Companys. La veritat no necessita màrtirs", a càrrec de Laura Ruano • El model educatiu de la ciutat de Vic. Ressenya dels llibres de Jordi Busquet i Alfons Medina "Societat i ensenyament a Vic. Els reptes educatius. Estudi sociològic sobre la percepció de l’educació a la ciutat de Vic", a càrrec de Sonia Ballan

Incremental prognostic value of lung ultrasound on contemporary heart failure risk scores

Introduction: Over the last decades, several scores have been developed to aid clinicians in assessing prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF) based on clinical data, medications and, ultimately, biomarkers. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a promising prognostic tool for patients when assessed at discharge after a HF hospitalization. We hypothesized that contemporary HF risk scores can be improved upon by the inclusion of the number of B-lines detected by LUS at discharge to predict death, urgent visit, or HF readmission at 6- month follow-up. Methods: We evaluated the discrimination improvement of adding the number of B-lines to 4 contemporary HF risk scores (Get with the Guidelines -GWTG-, MAGGIC, Redin-SCORE, and BCN Bio-HF) by comparing the change in the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), the net reclassification index (NRI), and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). The population of the study was constituted by the 123 patients enrolled in the LUS-HF trial, adjusting the analyses by the intervention. Results: The AUC of the GWTG score increased from 0.682 to 0.789 (p = 0.02), resulting in a NRI of 0.608 and an IDI of 0.136 (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed when adding the number of B-lines to the MAGGIC score, with an AUC that increased from 0.705 to 0.787 (p < 0.05). This increase translated into a NRI of 0.608 and an IDI of 0.038 (p < 0.05). Regarding Redin-SCORE at 1-month and 1-year, the AUC increased from 0.714 to 0.773 and from 0.681 to 0.757, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.08 and p = 0.06 respectively). Both IDI and NRI were significantly improved (0.093 and 0.509 in the 1-month score, p < 0.05; 0.056 and 0.111 in the 1-year score, p < 0.05). Lastly, the AUC for the BCN Bio-HF score increased from 0.733 to 0.772, which was statistically non-significant, with a NRI value of 0.363 (p = 0.06) and an IDI of 0.092 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adding the results of LUS evaluated at discharge improved the predictive value of most of the contemporary HF risk scores. As it is a simple, fast, and non-invasive test it may be recommended to assess prognosis at discharge in HF patients

Urine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Is an Independent Predictive Factor of Hospital Readmission and Survival in Cirrhosis.

MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in chemotaxis of monocytes. In several diseases, such as acute coronary syndromes and heart failure, elevated MCP-1 levels have been associated with poor outcomes. Little is known about MCP-1 in cirrhosis. AIM: To investigate the relationship between MCP-1 and outcome in decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS: Prospective study of 218 patients discharged from hospital after an admission for complications of cirrhosis. Urine and plasma levels of MCP-1 and other urine proinflammatroy biomarkers: osteopontin(OPN), trefoil-factor3 and liver-fatty-acid-binding protein were measured at admission. Urine non-inflammatory mediators cystatin-C, β2microglobulin and albumin were measured as control biomarkers. The relationship between these biomarkers and the 3-month hospital readmission, complications of cirrhosis, and mortality were assessed. RESULTS: 69 patients(32%) had at least one readmission during the 3-month period of follow-up and 30 patients died(14%). Urine MCP-1 and OPN levels, were associated with 3-month probability of readmission (0.85 (0.27-2.1) and 2003 (705-4586) ug/g creat vs 0.47 (0.2-1.1) and 1188 (512-2958) ug/g creat, in patients with and without readmission, respectively; p<0.05; median (IQR)). Furthermore, urine levels of MCP-1 were significantly associated with mortality (1.01 (1-3.6) vs 0.5 (0.2-1.1) μg/g creat, in dead and alive patients at 3 months; p<0.05). Patients with higher levels of urine MCP-1 (above percentile 75th) had higher probability of development of hepatic encephalopathy, bacterial infections or AKI. Urine MCP-1 was an independent predictive factor of hospital readmission and combined end-point of readmission or dead at 3 months. Plasma levels of MCP-1 did not correlated with outcomes. CONCLUSION: Urine, but not plasma, MCP-1 levels are associated with hospital readmission, development of complications of cirrhosis, and mortality. These results suggest that in cirrhosis there is an inflammatory response that is associated with poor outcomes

Self-organization as a mechanism of resilience in dryland ecosystems

Self-organized spatial patterns are a common feature of complex systems, ranging from microbial communities to mussel beds and drylands. While the theoretical implications of these patterns for ecosystem-level processes, such as functioning and resilience, have been extensively studied, empirical evidence remains scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed global drylands along an aridity gradient using remote sensing, field data, and modeling. We found that the spatial structure of the vegetation strengthens as aridity increases, which is associated with the maintenance of a high level of soil multifunctionality, even as aridity levels rise up to a certain threshold. The combination of these results with those of two individual-based models indicate that self-organized vegetation patterns not only form in response to stressful environmental conditions but also provide drylands with the ability to adapt to changing conditions while maintaining their functioning, an adaptive capacity which is lost in degraded ecosystems. Self-organization thereby plays a vital role in enhancing the resilience of drylands. Overall, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between spatial vegetation patterns and dryland resilience. They also represent a significant step forward in the development of indicators for ecosystem resilience, which are critical tools for managing and preserving these valuable ecosystems in a warmer and more arid world

Prevalencia de maloclusión en pre-escolares del Gran Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina : su relación con hábitos persistentes

El presente trabajo desarrolló un estudio descriptivo a nivel regional en niños pre-escolares con los siguientes objetivos: -Establecer porcentajes de la población infantil pre-escolar (que asisten a jardín y pre-jardín) del Gran Mendoza, que usan mamadera y/o chupete.Determinar el tipo de maloclusión prevalente en la población pre-escolar del Gran Mendoza. -Establecer porcentajes de la población de niños pre-escolares que usan chupete y/o biberón y que presentan maloclusión dentaria.-Determinar el tipo de maloclusión prevalente en este subgrupo poblacional. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de niños que persistieron en el hábito del chupete y/ o biberón en la población de alumnos de jardín y pre-jardín de las escuelas estudiadas es de casi el 20% de varones y mujeres promediado. No se pudo establecer una asociación entre la persistencia de éstos hábitos y el desarrollo de maloclusiones dentarias como se describe en la literatura. Esto podrfa relacionarse en gran medida con la biotipología, que por razones instrumentales no fue documentada. Se concluyó que es muy alto el porcentaje de la población escolar estudiada que presenta maloclusiones; 83,78% de niñas y el 76% de varones. Prevalecieron las clases I con mordida cerrada. La presencia de alteraciones transversales de la mordida fue de alrededor del 11 % para ambos sexos.This paper develops a descriptive and regional study in pre-scholars children. Objectives: -To stablish a percencentual of the children population in pre-scholar age in Grand Mendoza-Argentina, who are using milk bottles and/or pacifiers. -To determinate the type of dental malocclusion in this population. -To stablish a percentual in the subgroup who are using milk bottles and/or pacifiers, how many of them presents malocclusion and which type is the prevalent. Conclusions: the percentual of pre-scholars children who are using milk bottles andlor pacifiers in the studied population is from almost the 20% in boys and girls in promedy. It wasnt found an association between the presence of these sucking habits and the development of dental malocclusions, as is referred in the literature. This can be related with the bio typology, wich had not been documented in this instance. The percentual of the studied population who presents dental malocclusion is very high: 83,78% of girls and 76% of boys. The prevalent malocclusion is c1ass I with deep bite. The presence of transversals alterations is about 11 % for booth sexes.Fil: Vuoto, Elena Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Prigione, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Fernández, Claudia Nélida. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Cambría Ronda, Salvador. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Chade, Marisa. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Esquembre, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: De la Rosa, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Herreros, María de los Ángeles. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Anit, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Martí, Sonia Ema. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Giamportone, María Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Valles, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Villar, Ariel Dario. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de OdontologíaFil: Carrió, María del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y LetrasFil: Solé, Verónica Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de SaltaFil: Chia, Carla Lorena.Fil: Giuberti, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Artes y Diseñ

Water Regulation in Cyanobacterial Biocrusts from Drylands: Negative Impacts of Anthropogenic Disturbance

Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are characterized by patchy vegetation and variable resource availability. The interplant spaces of these ecosystems are very often covered by cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts, which are the primary colonizers of terrestrial ecosystems and key in facilitating the succession of other biocrust organisms and plants. Cyanobacterial biocrusts regulate the horizontal and vertical fluxes of water, carbon and nutrients into and from the soil and play crucial hydrological, geomorphological and ecological roles in these ecosystems. In this paper, we analyze the influence of cyanobacterial biocrusts on water balance components (infiltration-runoff, evaporation, soil moisture and non-rainfall water inputs (NRWIs)) in representative semiarid ecosystems in southeastern Spain. The influence of cyanobacterial biocrusts, in two stages of their development, on runoff-infiltration was studied by rainfall simulation and in field plots under natural rainfall at different spatial scales. Results showed that cover, exopolysaccharide content, roughness, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available water holding capacity, aggregate stability, and other properties increased with the development of the cyanobacterial biocrust. Due to the effects on these soil properties, runoff generation was lower in well-developed than in incipient-cyanobacterial biocrusts under both simulated and natural rainfall and on different spatial scales. Runoff yield decreased at coarser spatial scales due to re-infiltration along the hillslope, thus decreasing hydrological connectivity. Soil moisture monitoring at 0.03 m depth revealed higher moisture content and slower soil water loss in plots covered by cyanobacterial biocrusts compared to bare soils. Non-rainfall water inputs were also higher under well-developed cyanobacterial biocrusts than in bare soils. Disturbance of cyanobacterial biocrusts seriously affected the water balance by increasing runoff, decreasing soil moisture and accelerating soil water loss, at the same time that led to a very significant increase in sediment yield. The recovery of biocrust cover after disturbance can be relatively fast, but its growth rate is strongly conditioned by microclimate. The results of this paper show the important influence of cyanobacterial biocrust in modulating the different processes supporting the capacity of these ecosystems to provide key services such as water regulation or erosion control, and also the important impacts of their anthropic disturbance

The incidence of clinical fractures in adults aged 50 years and older in Spain

Objective. The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of all clinical fractures, including traumatic and fragility fractures, in patients aged 50 years and older, and to describe their distribution by fracture location, sex and age. Methods. The incidence of clinical fractures at 10 hospitals in Catalonia, with a reference population of 3 155 000 inhabitants, was studied. For 1 week, from 30 May to 5 June 2016, we reviewed the discharge reports of the Traumatology section of the Emergency Department to identify all fractures diagnosed in patients ≥50 years of age. As a validation technique, data collection was carried out for 1 year at one of the centres, from 1 December 2015 to 30 November 2016. The fracture incidence, including the 95% CI, was estimated for the entire sample and grouped by fracture type, location, sex and age. Results. A total of 283 fractures were identified. Seventy per cent were in women, with a mean age of 72 years. The overall fracture incidence was 11.28 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 11.10, 11.46), with an incidence of traumatic and fragility fractures of 4.15 (95% CI: 4.04, 4.26) and 7.13 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 6.99, 7.28), respectively. The incidence of fractures observed in the validation sample coincided with that estimated for the whole of Catalonia. The most common fragility fractures were of the hip, forearm, humerus and vertebrae. Conclusion. The results of this study are the first to estimate the incidence of clinical fragility fractures in Spain, grouped by location, age and sex