Detecting expert’s eye using a multiple-kernel Relevance Vector Machine

Decoding mental states from the pattern of neural activity or overt behavior is an intensely pursued goal. Here we applied machine learning to detect expertise from the oculomotor behavior of novice and expert billiard players during free viewing of a filmed billiard match with no specific task, and in a dynamic trajectory prediction task involving ad-hoc, occluded billiard shots. We have adopted a ground framework for feature space fusion and a Bayesian sparse classifier, namely, a Relevance Vector Machine. By testing different combinations of simple oculomotor features (gaze shifts amplitude and direction, and fixation duration), we could classify on an individual basis which group - novice or expert - the observers belonged to with an accuracy of 82% and 87%, respectively for the match and the shots. These results provide evidence that, at least in the particular domain of billiard sport, a signature of expertise is hidden in very basic aspects of oculomotor behavior, and that expertise can be detected at the individual level both with ad-hoc testing conditions and under naturalistic conditions - and suitable data mining. Our procedure paves the way for the development of a test for the “expert’s eye”, and promotes the use of eye movements as an additional signal source in Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) systems

CONCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORES SOBRE A ATUAÇÃO DA PSICOLOGIA NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR

The article analyzes the conceptions of seven elementary school teachers from a school located in the interior of the state of São Paulo about the performance of psychology in the school context. As a data collection instrument, a questionnaire was used with the teachers who agreed to participate in the research and the procedure for data analysis was carried out through the creation of analytical units, articulated with the theoretical-methodological categories of historical-dialectical materialism. It was observed that the participants reproduce historically constituted conceptions regarding the clinical practice in psychology at school and this result shows the need for critical training of future school psychologists, as well as the training of managers and teachers. It is considered that this study collaborates with the discussion on the relationship between school education and psychology, especially in the current scenario related to the enactment of Law 13.935/2019, which provides for the provision of psychology and social services in public basic education networks.El artículo analiza las concepciones de los profesores de primaria de una escuela situada en el interior del estado de São Paulo sobre el papel de la psicología en el contexto escolar. Como instrumento de recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario con siete profesores que aceptaron participar en la investigación y el procedimiento de análisis de datos se realizó mediante la creación de unidades analíticas, articuladas con las categorías teóricas y metodológicas del materialismo histórico y dialéctico. Se observó que los participantes reproducen concepciones históricamente constituidas sobre el desempeño clínico en la psicología escolar y tal resultado muestra la necesidad de una formación crítica de los futuros psicólogos escolares, así como la formación de los directivos y docentes. Se considera que este estudio es de suma relevancia para la discusión sobre las relaciones entre la educación escolar y la psicología, especialmente en el escenario actual relacionado con la promulgación de la Ley 13.935/2019 que prevé la prestación de servicios de psicología y trabajo social en las redes públicas de educación básica.O artigo analisa as concepções de sete professoras do ensino fundamental de uma escola localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo acerca da atuação da psicologia no contexto escolar. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário junto às professoras que aceitaram participar da pesquisa e o procedimento para a análise dos dados foi realizado por meio da criação de unidades analíticas, articuladas com as categorias teórico-metodológicas do materialismo histórico-dialético. Observou-se que as participantes reproduzem concepções historicamente constituídas quanto a atuação clínica em psicologia na escola e tal resultado mostra a necessidade de formação crítica dos futuros psicólogos escolares, bem como a formação de gestores e professores. Considera-se que este estudo colabora com a discussão sobre as relações entre educação escolar e psicologia, principalmente no cenário atual relacionado à promulgação da Lei 13.935/2019 que dispõe sobre a prestação de serviços de psicologia e de serviço social nas redes públicas de educação básica

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)