Opis zatvorene piometre u divljoj svinji (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus 1758.)

Pyometra is a pus accumulation in the uterine lumen. This paper reports an unusual case of pyometra in a female Sus scrofa of Parque Biologico de Gaia (Avintes, Portugal). The animal was of advanced age, and the clinical signs (e.g., anorexia, lethargy) were originally associated with geriatric conditions. The animal presented a large uterus, which likely further contributed to the locomotion difficulties and poor body condition. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report of a close pyometra in wild boar (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758). However, this diagnosis must be taken into account during uterine evaluation and special attention must be given to its inspection in meat animals.Piometra je akumulacija gnoja u lumenu maternice. U ovom radu, autori su opisali neobičan slučaj piometre u ženke divlje svinje (Sus scrofa) iz biološkog parka Parque Biologico de Gaia. (Avintes, Portugal). Životinja je bila već stara, a vidljivi klinički znaci (npr. anoreksija, letargija) izvorno su pripisani gerijatrijskom stanju. Životinja je imala veliku maternicu, koja je vjerojatno doprinijela poteškoćama u kretanju i lošim stanjem organizma. Prema saznanjima autora, ovo je prvi prikaz slučaja o zatvorenoj piometri u divlje svinje (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758.). Ovu je dijagnozu potrebno uzeti u obzir prilikom procjene maternice i posebnu bi pozornost trebalo posvetiti njezinom ispitivanju u životinja koje se koriste u ishrani ljudi

AVANÇOS E RETROCESSOS À ERRADICAÇÃO DO TRABALHO ESCRAVO NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA SENTENÇA DA CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (CORTE IDH) NO CASO “FAZENDA BRASIL VERDE X BRASIL”

Texto que se propõe a discutir o julgamento e a condenação do Estado brasileiro no caso “Fazenda Brasil Verde x Brasil”, analisando os obstáculos no cumprimento da sentença, e, por fim, estabelecer quais os avanços e os retrocessos do direito brasileiro no combate à erradicação do trabalho escravo no Brasil, visando a efetiva proteção dos Direitos Humanos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para a elaboração do presente estudo, pretende-se realizar a pesquisa teórica por meio de livros pré-selecionados, assim como acréscimos bibliográficos considerados importantes e convenientes, como artigos já publicados acerca do tema e a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos que versem sobre o tema em estudo, em especial, a sentença referente ao caso “Fazenda Brasil Verde x Brasil”

Vinícius de Moraes: o poetinha-letrista da literatura infantil brasileira

O presente estudo apresenta algumas considerações acerca da poesia infantil modernista no Brasil, ressaltando o contexto estético desse período e as características da linguagem literária. Para tanto, destaca-se a contribuição para este gênero de um dos maiores poetas e compositores da música popular brasileira, Vinícius de Moraes, bem como de sua única obra infantil, A arca de Noé, publicada na década de 70. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a poeticidade dos textos literários presentes nessa antologia. Para isso, quatro poemas que compõem esse livro foram escolhidos para serem analisados: A arca de Noé, O girassol, O pato e Os bichinhos e o homem. A escolha por analisar esses poemas aconteceu devido a sua temática e a sua estrutura. O trabalho está fundamentado em pesquisa bibliográfica, embasado em um profícuo diálogo entre os postulados da teoria e da crítica literária, como de Arroyo (2011), Coelho (2006), Lajolo (2002), Zilberman (2009), dentre outros

Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages

This work was funded by the R&D Project CAREBIO2: Comparative assessment of antimicrobial resistance in environmental biofilms through proteomics—towards innovative thera-nostic biomarkers, with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030101. This work was supported by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV, which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES and by the UIDB/CVT/00772/ 2020 project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Owls are nocturnal predators that inhabit urbanized and farmlands. They are in direct contact with other animals, both livestock and small wild rodents that they mostly feed on. Staphylococci can be both commensal and pathogenic bacteria that are widespread across the various ecological niches. We aimed to isolate staphylococci from owls and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and genetic lineages. Swab samples were collected from the throat and cloaca of 114 owls admitted to two rehabilitation centers in Portugal. The identification of staphylococci species was performed by MALDI-TOF. Staphylococci antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated by means of the disk diffusion method and PCR. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were characterized by MLST, agr and spa-typing. Of the tested animals, 66 isolates were recovered, including 10 different species of staphylococci, of which 25 were coagulase-positive (CoPS) and 41 were coagulase-negative (CoNS). Twenty-three S. aureus were isolated, of which one mecC-MRSA was identified. The isolates were mainly resistant to penicillin, aminoglycosides, clindamycin and tetracycline. mecC-MRSA belonged to ST1245 and spa-type t843 and the remaining S. aureus were ascribed to 12 STs and 15 spa types. A high diversity of clonal lineages was identified among the S. aureus isolated from wild owls. Owls feed mainly on small rodents often exposed to waste and anthropogenic sources, which may explain the moderate prevalence of S. aureus in these animals.publishersversionpublishe

Identification of priority areas for surveillance of cutaneous leishmaniasis using spatial analysis approaches in Southeastern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health problem in Brazil and in several tropical regions of the world. In the Americas, Brazil is the country with the highest number of registered cases. In Brazil, the state of Minas Gerais has the highest number of cases in the southeastern region. In the present study, we used spatial analysis in the State of Minas Gerais to identify municipalities of priority during a nine-year period (2007-2015), which might be used to guide surveillance and control measures. METHODS: An ecological study with spatial analysis of autochthonous cases of CL was performed in the state of Minas Gerais between 2007 and 2015. We calculated incidence rates, used Empirical Bayesian smoothing for each municipality, and divided the analyses into three-year intervals. In order to analyze the existence of spatial autocorrelation, and to define priority areas, Moran's Global Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were used. RESULTS: The mean incidence rate for the entire state was 6.1/100,000 inhabitants. For Minas Gerais, analysis of CL cases over time revealed a successive increase of indicated mesoregions with high priority municipalities. Eight of the designated mesoregions contained municipalities classified as high priority areas in any of the three evaluated trienniums, and four mesoregions had high priority municipalities throughout the entire investigation. CONCLUSIONS: Within the southeastern region of Brazil, Minas Gerais State stands out, with highest CL incidence rates. Using spatial analysis, we identified an increasing numbers of cases in the municipalities classified as high priority areas in different mesoregions of the state. This information might be of value to direct surveillance and control measures against CL and to understand the dynamics of the expansion of CL in Minas Gerais. Similar approaches might be used to map CL in other regions throughout Brazil, or in any other country, where national notification and control programs exist

Serološki dokaz Chlamydia psittaci u papiga u tri zoološka parka u Portugalu

Chlamydia psittaci is an agent that causes ornithosis or psittacosis, which can infect homing and wild birds, mammalian animals and humans. Since this disease is an important zoonosis that is fatal and distributed worldwide, it is important to know its occurrence. This study aimed to survey the seropositivity of Chlamydia psittaci in three psittacine collections in three zoos in Portugal. In this study, 112 blood samples of the psittacine belonging to Order Psitaciformes (encompassing 31 species from 14 genera) were used. These samples were tested using a commercial ELISA kit (Immunocomb®, Biogal). The serological examination of psittacine samples using ELISA showed that 54 were positive (48.2%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 39.0-57.4%). The genus Ara exhibited significantly higher seropositivity than other genera (P<0.05). Based on the serological data from this study, we demonstrate that antibodies against Chlamydia psittaci are circulating in the blood of these tested animals. Since psittacosis is a public health concern, zoonotic issues of these results should be considered.Chlamydia psittaci uzročnik je ornitoze (psitakoze) koja može inficirati i domaće i divlje ptice, sisavce, ali i ljude. S obzirom da je ova bolest sveprisutna zoonoza koja može biti fatalna, a rasprostranjena je diljem svijeta, važno ju je znati prepoznati kada se pojavi. Cilj je ovog rada bio ispitati seropozitivnost na Chlamydia psittaci u tri populacije papiga koje pripadaju trima zoološkim parkovima u Portugalu. U ovoj studiji rabljeno je 112 uzoraka krvi papiga iz reda Psitaciformes (31 različita vrsta iz 14 različitih rodova); uzorci su podvrgnuti komercijalnom ELISA testu (Immunocomb®, Biogal). Serološko ispitivanje uzoraka papiga uporabom ELISA testa pokazalo je da ih je 54 (48,2 %; 95 % interval pouzdanosti, CI: 39,0 %-57,4 %) bilo pozitivno. Rod Ara pokazao je značajno veću seropozitivnost od ostalih rodova (P<0,05). Na temelju seroloških podataka iz ove studije, dokazali smo da protutijela za Chlamydia psittaci cirkuliraju u krvi testiranih životinja. S obzirom da psitakoza predstavlja javnozdravstveni problem, potrebno je razmotriti zoonotska pitanja naših rezultata

Situación clínica en reptiles – Masa en cavidad celómica y anorexia en una iguana (Iguana iguana)

Descrição de caso clínico de Iguana iguana presente a consulta no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Évor

PROGRAMA DE CONTROLE DA HANSENÍASE EM CAPITAL HIPERENDÊMICA: UMA AVALIAÇÃO OPERACIONAL

Objetivo: avaliar o Programa de Controle da Hanseníase em capital hiperendêmica no Brasil. Método: pesquisa deavaliação, realizada em todas as instituições de saúde que operacionalizavam o programa de controle da hanseníaseno município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, abrangendo todos os casos novos e contatos de casos de hanseníasenotificados no ano de 2012. Resultados: o programa foi classificado como “Bom” quanto às taxas de abandono(3,4%) e quanto ao grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico (94,6%). Os indicadores proporção de alta por cura(42,5%) e proporção de contatos examinados (29,1%) foram classificados como “Precários”. O indicador proporçãode casos curados no ano com grau de incapacidade física avaliado na alta foi classificado como “Regular” (82,5%).Conclusão: o Programa de Controle da Hanseníase no município não vem atuando de maneira efetiva e resolutiva,sugerindo uma deficiência na qualidade do acompanhamento dos casos até a completude do tratamento.Descritores: Hanseníase. Avaliação em saúde. Indicadores de qualidade em assistência à saúde

Análise espacial dos óbitos por tuberculose em um estado do nordeste brasileiro

Introduction: Tuberculosis  is an important public health problem that affects different geographical areas. Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of deaths from tuberculosis in Maranhão (Brazil) and its association with socioeconomic indicators. Method: Ecological study of tuberculosis deaths in Maranhão, from 2010 to 2015, using municipalities as the unit of analysis. The global Moran index, the correlogram, and the spread of the Moran index were used, and to assess the spatial association of tuberculosis deaths with socioeconomic indicators, different conditional autoregressive spatial models (CAR) were adjusted. Results: During the chosen period, 949 deaths from tuberculosis were reported. A strong spatial dependence was identified in the occurrence of deaths. Using the adjusted conditional autoregressive spatial model, it was found that approximately 12 % of the municipalities have more than a 75 % chance of death from tuberculosis and that the north and central parts of the state have the highest probability of death from tuberculosis. Conclusion: There was a strong spatial dependence on the occurrence of deaths from tuberculosis, which was affected by the rates in neighboring areas. The municipal human development index was negatively associated with the rate of deaths from tuberculosis and the average per capita income showed a positive association.Introducción: La tuberculosis  es un importante problema de salud pública y afecta a diferentes áreas geográficas. Objetivo: Analizar la distribución espacial de las muertes por tuberculosis en Maranhão (Brasil) y su asociación con indicadores socioeconómicos. Método: Estudio ecológico de las muertes por tuberculosis en Maranhão con municipios como unidad de análisis, entre 2010 y 2015. Se utilizaron el índice global de Moran, el correlograma y la dispersión del índice de Moran. Además, para evaluar la asociación espacial de las muertes por tuberculosis con los indicadores socioeconómicos, se ajustaron diferentes modelos espaciales autorregresivos condicionales. Resultados: Durante el período, se reportaron 949 muertes por tuberculosis. Se identificó una fuerte dependencia espacial en la ocurrencia de muertes. Utilizando el modelo espaciales autorregresivos condicionales ajustado, se encontró que, aproximadamente, el 12 % de los municipios tienen más del 75 % de probabilidad de muerte por tuberculosis. Además, que el norte y centro del estado son las regiones con mayor probabilidad de muerte por tuberculosis. Conclusión: Existió una fuerte dependencia espacial de la ocurrencia de muertes por tuberculosis, la cual fue afectada por las tasas en las áreas vecinas. El índice de desarrollo humano municipal se asoció negativamente con la tasa de muertes por tuberculosis y el ingreso per cápita promedio mostró una asociación positiva.Introdução: A tuberculose é um importante problema de saúde pública e atinge de maneira dessemelhante os espaços geográficos. Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial dos óbitos por tuberculose no Maranhão (Brasil) e sua associação com indicadores socioeconômicos. Método: Estudo ecológico dos óbitos por tuberculose no Maranhão, no período de 2010 a 2015, com unidade de análise, os municípios. Utilizou-se o índice de Moran global, correlograma e espalhamento do índice de Moran e para avaliar a associação espacial de óbitos por tuberculose com os indicadores socioeconômicos foram ajustados diferentes modelos espaciais condicionais autoregressivos. Resultados: No período, foram notificados 949 óbitos por tuberculose. Identificou-se uma forte dependência espacial na ocorrência dos óbitos. Por meio do modelo autoregressivo ajustado, constatou-se que aproximadamente 12% dos municípios possuem mais que 75% de chance de ocorrer um óbito por tuberculose e que o norte e a parte central do Estado são as regiões que concentram as maiores probabilidades de óbito. Conclusão: Houve forte dependência espacial na ocorrência de óbitos por TB, sendo esta afetada pelas taxas das áreas vizinhas. O índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal esteve negativamente associado com a taxa de óbitos por tuberculose e a renda média per capita apresentou associação positiva

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp., in Free-Living Birds in Mainland Portugal

Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in Portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (n = 50) for the presence of Escherichia coli (pathogenic and non-pathogenic), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Virulence- and antimicrobial resistance- (AMR) associated genes were detected by PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), and phenotypic (serotyping and AMR profiles) characterization was performed. Overall, 8.9% of samples tested positive for pathogenic E. coli, 2.8% for Salmonella spp., and 9.9% for Campylobacter spp. AMR was performed on all pathogenic isolates and in a fraction of non-pathogenic E. coli, being detected in 25.9% of them. Ten of the tested E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and seven of them were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Among Salmonella (n = 3) and Campylobacter (n = 9), only one strain of C. jejuni was identified as MDR. Most of the identified serotypes/sequence types had already been found to be associated with human disease. These results show that free-living birds in Portugal may act as carriers of foodborne pathogens linked to human disease, some of them resistant to critically important antimicrobials.This work was supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 773830: One Health European Joint Program, as part of the DiSCoVeR project (Discovering the sources of Salmonella, Campylobacter, VTEC and Antimicrobial Resistance). R.C. was the beneficiary of a fellowship from the same Programme on behalf of FedAMR project.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio