Well-Being and Coping of UK Nurses. Midwives and AHPS- a cross sectional study

Dataset relating to the above study is available here

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis use and infection prevalence in non-cosmetic breast surgery procedures at a tertiary hospital in Western Australia—a retrospective study

Copyright 2018 Lavers et al. Background. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication following breast surgery procedures, despite being considered a clean surgery. The prevalence of SSIs can be minimised with the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis as outlined in the Australian Therapeutic Guidelines (eTG). The aims of this study were to evaluate adherence to the eTG for antibiotic prophylaxis in breast surgery procedures at a Western Australian teaching hospital following an update of the guidelines in 2014 and examine the impact of prophylactic antibiotics on SSI incidence and length of hospital stay. Method. A retrospective cross-sectional study which reviewed medical records from a random sample of 250 patients selected from 973 patients who underwent breast surgical procedures between February 2015 and March 2017. Results. Overall adherence to current eTG occurred in 49.2% (123/250) of operations. Pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics were prescribed in 98.4% (246/250) and 11.2% (28/250) operations respectively. Adherence rates to three specific elements of the eTG (drug prescribed, drug dosage and timing of administration) were 91.6% (229/250), 53.6% (134/250) and 86.4% (216/250) respectively. For the 14.4% (36/250) patients with relevant drug allergies, there was zero adherence to the eTG. Overall recorded SSI prevalence was low at 5.2% (13/250). The mean length of stay in patients (2.3 ± 1.7 days) was not influenced by level of eTG adherence (p = 0.131) or SSIs (p = 0.306). Conclusion.These data demonstrate a significant improvement in overall adherence to the eTG from 13.3% to 49.2% (p = < 0.001). The level of detected SSIs in this study was low. Further improvement is necessary with respect to prescribing appropriate antibiotic dosages and for those with allergies

Quantifying uncertainty due to fission-fusion dynamics as a component of social complexity.

Groups of animals (including humans) may show flexible grouping patterns, in which temporary aggregations or subgroups come together and split, changing composition over short temporal scales, (i.e. fission and fusion). A high degree of fission-fusion dynamics may constrain the regulation of social relationships, introducing uncertainty in interactions between group members. Here we use Shannon's entropy to quantify the predictability of subgroup composition for three species known to differ in the way their subgroups come together and split over time: spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and geladas (Theropithecus gelada). We formulate a random expectation of entropy that considers subgroup size variation and sample size, against which the observed entropy in subgroup composition can be compared. Using the theory of set partitioning, we also develop a method to estimate the number of subgroups that the group is likely to be divided into, based on the composition and size of single focal subgroups. Our results indicate that Shannon's entropy and the estimated number of subgroups present at a given time provide quantitative metrics of uncertainty in the social environment (within which social relationships must be regulated) for groups with different degrees of fission-fusion dynamics. These metrics also represent an indirect quantification of the cognitive challenges posed by socially dynamic environments. Overall, our novel methodological approach provides new insight for understanding the evolution of social complexity and the mechanisms to cope with the uncertainty that results from fission-fusion dynamics

Discursive positioning and planned change in organizations

This study uses discursive positioning theory to explore how planned change messages influence organizational members’ identity and the way they experienced organizational change. Based on an in-depth case study of a home healthcare and hospice organization that engaged in a multiyear planned change process, our analysis suggests that workers experienced salient change messages as constituting unfavorable identities, which were associated with the experiences of violation, recitation, habituation, or reservation. Our study also explores the way discursive and material contexts enabled and constrained the governing board’s change messages as they responded to external and internal audiences. We highlight the importance of viewing messaging as a process of information transfer as well as discursive construction, which has important implications for the way change agents approach issues of sense making, emotionality, resistance, and materiality during planned change processes.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

回避的不適応行動(症状)の臨床的研究 -機能分析と介入法を考える-

This study revealed that most maladjustment behaviors had avoidance mechanism. These behaviors included anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, alcohol dependence, social withdrawal, school refusal and the like. In the functional analysis of this article, we argued that the forms of psychopathology were viewed as unhealthy methods of avoidance. The treatments of avoidance-based maladjustment behaviors (symptoms) expose clients to previously avoided private experiences

長谷川痴呆スケールにおける交通事故リハビリテーション患者の男女差

I investigated a difference between the two sexes with Hasegawa Dementia Scale. The Hasegawa Dementia Scale (see table 1) had made by Dr. Hasegawa (1974). When I was young I had made a test sheet (see table 2) with reference to the original Hasegawa Dementia Scale. I have used it in the hospital as a clinical psychologist. The primary patient group is composed of a sample of 3567 psychological case records (2 years-93 years) which were registered in the hospitals from the year 1975 to the year 2003. There is a statistical difference between the two sexes in the primary patient group (p<0.01 2171 men and 1396 women). The second patient group is composed of a sample of 217 men and 197 women which were picked out below thirty years patient in the primary patient group. There is no statistical difference between the two sexes in the second patient group. The third patient group is a sample of below thirty years patients injured by traffic accident . The 50 men and the 12 women were picked out as a third patient group in the second patient group. I showed the criteria of dementia of The Hasegawa Dementia Scale and clinical illustration of The Hasegawa Dementia Scale for psychiatric patients (see table 3, 4, 5) and for physical rehabilitation patients (see table 6, 7, 8). There is no statistical difference between the two sexes in the third patient group with Hasegawa Dementia Scale

バウムテストの臨床的診断に関する研究

The tree test has been widely used in medical facilities, educational institutions, and psychological institutions, recently. The author conducted clients to draw the tree test and analyzed changes of the tree test for symptoms. As a result, it was shown that a client was able to send a message for a therapist when the tree test was used in psychotherapy