216 research outputs found
Parametric Nonlinear Optics with Layered Materials and Related Heterostructures
Nonlinear optics is of crucial importance in several fields of science and
technology with applications in frequency conversion, entangled-photon
generation, self-referencing of frequency combs, crystal characterization,
sensing, and ultra-short light pulse generation and characterization. In recent
years, layered materials and related heterostructures have attracted huge
attention in this field, due to their huge nonlinear optical susceptibilities,
their ease of integration on photonic platforms, and their 2D nature which
relaxes the phase-matching constraints and thus offers a practically unlimited
bandwidth for parametric nonlinear processes. In this review the most recent
advances in this field, highlighting their importance and impact both for
fundamental and technological aspects, are reported and explained, and an
outlook on future research directions for nonlinear optics with atomically thin
materials is provided
Valorization of the inedible pistachio shells into nanoscale transition metal and nitrogen codoped carbon-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction
Making a consistency with the objectives of circular economy, herein, waste pistachios shells were utilized for the development of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts which are the key bottleneck in the technological evolution of electrolyzers and fuel cells, respectively. As an alternative to scarce and expensive platinum-group-metal (PGM) electrocatalysts, metal nitrogen carbons (MNCs) are emerging as a promising candidate for both aforementioned electrocatalysis where iron and nickel are the metal of choice for ORR and HER, respectively. Therefore, FeNCs and NiNCs were fabricated utilizing inedible pistachio shells as a low-cost biosource of carbon. The steps involved in the fabrication of electrocatalyst were correlated with electrochemical performance in alkaline media. Encouraging onset potential of similar to 0.88 V vs RHE with a possibility of a 2 +2 reaction pathway was observed in pyrolyzed and ball-milled FeNC. However, HF etching for template removal slightly affected the kinetics and eventually resulted in a relatively higher yield of peroxide. In parallel, the pyrolyzed NiNC demonstrated a lower HER overpotential of similar to 0.4 V vs RHE at -10 mA cm(-2). Nevertheless, acid washing adversely affected the HER performance and consequently, very high overpotential was witnessed
Wavelength tunable soliton rains in a nanotube-mode locked Tm-doped fiber laser
We report soliton rains in a tunable Tm-doped fiber laser mode locked by carbon nanotubes. We also detect their second- and third-harmonics. We achieve a tunability of over 56 nm, from 1877 to 1933 nm, by introducing a polarization-maintaining isolator and two in-line polarization controllers. This makes our system promising as a tunable filter for ultrafast spectroscopy.We acknowledge funding from ERC Grant Hetero2D, EPSRC Grants Nos. EP/L016087/1, EP/K017144/1, EP/K01711X/1 and the China Scholarship Council
Electrostatic Tuning of the Ligand Binding Mechanism by Glu27 in Nitrophorin 7.
Nitrophorins (NP) 1-7 are NO-carrying heme proteins found in the saliva of the blood-sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus. The isoform NP7 displays peculiar properties, such as an abnormally high isoelectric point, the ability to bind negatively charged membranes, and a strong pH sensitivity of NO affinity. A unique trait of NP7 is the presence of Glu in position 27, which is occupied by Val in other NPs. Glu27 appears to be important for tuning the heme properties, but its influence on the pH-dependent NO release mechanism, which is assisted by a conformational change in the AB loop, remains unexplored. Here, in order to gain insight into the functional role of Glu27, we examine the effect of Glu27 → Val and Glu27 → Gln mutations on the ligand binding kinetics using CO as a model. The results reveal that annihilation of the negative charge of Glu27 upon mutation reduces the pH sensitivity of the ligand binding rate, a process that in turn depends on the ionization of Asp32. We propose that Glu27 exerts a through-space electrostatic action on Asp32, which shifts the pKa of the latter amino acid towards more acidic values thus reducing the pH sensitivity of the transition between open and closed states
Exciton-phonon coupling strength in single-layer MoSe2 at room temperature
Single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides are at the center of an ever
increasing research effort both in terms of fundamental physics and
applications. Exciton-phonon coupling plays a key role in determining the
(opto)electronic properties of these materials. However, the exciton-phonon
coupling strength has not been measured at room temperature. Here, we develop
two-dimensional micro-spectroscopy to determine exciton-phonon coupling of
single-layer MoSe2. We detect beating signals as a function of waiting time T,
induced by the coupling between the A exciton and the A'1 optical phonon.
Analysis of two-dimensional beating maps combined with simulations provides the
exciton-phonon coupling. The Huang-Rhys factor of ~1 is larger than in most
other inorganic semiconductor nanostructures. Our technique offers a unique
tool to measure exciton-phonon coupling also in other heterogeneous
semiconducting systems with a spatial resolution ~260 nm, and will provide
design-relevant parameters for the development of optoelectronic devices
Increased power generation in supercapacitive microbial fuel cell stack using Fe-N-C cathode catalyst
The anode and cathode electrodes of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) stack, composed of 28 single MFCs, were used as
the negative and positive electrodes, respectively of an internal self-charged supercapacitor. Particularly, carbon
veil was used as the negative electrode and activated carbon with a Fe-based catalyst as the positive electrode.
The red-ox reactions on the anode and cathode, self-charged these electrodes creating an internal electrochemical
double layer capacitor. Galvanostatic discharges were performed at different current and time pulses.
Supercapacitive-MFC (SC-MFC) was also tested at four different solution conductivities. SC-MFC had an
equivalent series resistance (ESR) decreasing from 6.00 Ω to 3.42 Ω in four solutions with conductivity between
2.5 mScm−1 and 40 mScm−1. The ohmic resistance of the positive electrode corresponded to 75–80% of the
overall ESR. The highest performance was achieved with a solution conductivity of 40 mS cm−1 and this was due
to the positive electrode potential enhancement for the utilization of Fe-based catalysts. Maximum power was
36.9mW (36.9Wm−3) that decreased with increasing pulse time. SC-MFC was subjected to 4520 cycles (8 days)
with a pulse time of 5 s (ipulse 55 mA) and a self-recharging time of 150 s showing robust reproducibility
Optoelectronic mixing with high-frequency graphene transistors
Graphene is ideally suited for optoelectronics. It offers absorption at telecom wavelengths, high-frequency operation and CMOS-compatibility. We show how high speed optoelectronic mixing can be achieved with high frequency (~20 GHz bandwidth) graphene field effect transistors (GFETs). These devices mix an electrical signal injected into the GFET gate and a modulated optical signal onto a single layer graphene(SLG) channel. The photodetection mechanism and the resulting photocurrent sign depend on theSLG Fermi level (EF). At low EF (<130 meV), a positive photocurrent is generated, while at large EF (>130 meV), a negative photobolometric current appears. This allows our devices to operate up to at least 67 GHz. Our results pave the way for GFETs optoelectronic mixers for mm-wave applications, such as telecommunications andradio/light detection and ranging(RADAR/LIDARs.)
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