Antisense reduction of thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase in Arabidopsis enhances Paraquat-induced photooxidative stress and Nitric Oxide-induced cell death

The production and characterization of Arabidopsis plants containing a transgene in which the Arabidopsis tAPX is inserted in antisense orientation, is described. tAPX activity in these transgenic tAPX plants is around 50% of control level. The tAPX antisense plants are phenotypically indistinguishable from control plants under normal growth conditions; they show, however, enhanced sensitivity to the O 2- -generating herbicide, Paraquat. Interestingly, the tAPX antisense plants show enhanced symptoms of damage when cell death is triggered through treatment with the nitric oxide-donor, SNP. These results are in accordance with the ones recently obtained with transgenic plants overexpressing tAPX; altogether, they suggest that tAPX, besides the known ROS scavenging role, is also involved in the fine changes of H 2O2 concentration during signaling events

Radiations and female fertility

Hundreds of thousands of young women are diagnosed with cancer each year, and due to recent advances in screening programs, diagnostic methods and treatment options, survival rates have significantly improved. Radiation therapy plays an important role in cancer treatment and in some cases it constitutes the first therapy proposed to the patient. However, ionizing radiations have a gonadotoxic action with long-term effects that include ovarian insufficiency, pubertal arrest and subsequent infertility. Cranial irradiation may lead to disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, with consequent dysregulation of the normal hormonal secretion. The uterus might be damaged by radiotherapy, as well. In fact, exposure to radiation during childhood leads to altered uterine vascularization, decreased uterine volume and elasticity, myometrial fibrosis and necrosis, endometrial atrophy and insufficiency. As radiations have a relevant impact on reproductive potential, fertility preservation procedures should be carried out before and/or during anticancer treatments. Fertility preservation strategies have been employed for some years now and have recently been diversified thanks to advances in reproductive biology. Aim of this paper is to give an overview of the various effects of radiotherapy on female reproductive function and to describe the current fertility preservation options

Two QTLs govern the resistance to Sclerotinia minor in an interspecific peanut RIL population

Sclerotinia blight is a soilborne disease caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger and can produce severe decrease in yield. Cultural management strategies and chemical treatment are not completely effective; therefore, growing peanut-resistant varieties is likely to be the most effective control method for this disease. Sclerotinia blight resistance has been identified in wild Arachis species and further transferred to peanut elite cultivars. To identify the genome regions conferring Sclerotinia blight resistance within a tetraploid genetic background, this study evaluated a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) with introgressed genes from three wild diploid species: A. cardenasii, A. correntina, and A. batizocoi. Two consistent quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qSbIA04 and qSbIB04 located on chromosomes A04 and B04, respectively, were identified. The QTL qSbIA04 was mapped at 56.39 cM explaining 29% of the phenotypic variance and qSbIB04 was mapped at 13.38 cM explaining 22% of the overall phenotypic variance

Identificación de Germoplasma de maní de criadero el Carmen tolerante a la sequia: aspectos bioquímicos y rendimiento

PosterLa sequía estacional es un estrés ambiental que genera pérdidas de rendimiento de alrededor del 30% en el cultivo de maní (Arachis hypogaea) en la Provincia de Córdoba. Una de las estrategias para reducirlas es el desarrollo de nuevas variedades comerciales con mayor tolerancia a la sequía. Desde el año 2016 se está desarrollando un sistema de identificación de materiales tolerantes a sequía provenientes de la colección de germoplasma de Criadero El Carmen, empleando un método estandarizado bajo condiciones controladas, que reduce los tiempos de evaluación al realizarse en etapa vegetativa. Se emplean las respuestas relacionadas al balance osmótico y la fotosíntesis como marcadores fisiológicos que permiten monitorear la tolerancia de los materiales de interés. Previamente, se evaluaron diferentes parámetros bioquímicos registrados en distintos ensayos mediante un análisis de componentes principales (PCA), lo que permitió determinar que los contenidos de prolina, carotenoides y azucares están asociados a una mayor tolerancia a la sequía en estadios tempranos del desarrollo vegetativo. El proyecto tiene como objetivo identificar germoplasma de maní tolerante a la sequía mediante un sistema estandarizado rápido a emplearse en etapas vegetativas bajo condiciones controladas y su validación posterior en la etapa reproductiva.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Guzzo, María Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Posada, G. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Costamagna, C. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Soave, S.J. Criadero El Carmen. Gral. Cabrera, Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Soave, J.H. Criadero El Carmen. Gral. Cabrera, Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Buteler, M.I. Criadero El Carmen. Gral. Cabrera, Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Monteoliva, Mariela Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Monteoliva, Mariela Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA); Argentin

Introgression of peanut smut resistance from landraces to elite peanut cultivars (\u3ci\u3eArachis hypogaea\u3c/i\u3e L.)

Smut disease caused by the fungal pathogen Thecaphora frezii Carranza & Lindquist is threatening the peanut production in Argentina. Fungicides commonly used in the peanut crop have shown little or no effect controlling the disease, making it a priority to obtain peanut varieties resistant to smut. In this study, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from three crosses between three susceptible peanut elite cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea) and two resistant landraces (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. fastigiata Waldron). Parents and RILs were evaluated under high inoculum pressure (12000 teliospores g-1 of soil) over three years. Disease resistance parameters showed a broad range of variation with incidence mean values ranging from 1.0 to 35.0% and disease severity index ranging from 0.01 to 0.30. Average heritability (h2) estimates of 0.61 to 0.73 indicated that resistance in the RILs was heritable, with several lines (4 to 7 from each cross) showing a high degree of resistance and stability over three years. Evidence of genetic transfer between genetically distinguishable germplasm (introgression in a broad sense) was further supported by simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) and Insertion/Deletion (InDel) marker genotyping. This is the first report of smut genetic resistance identified in peanut landraces and its introgression into elite peanut cultivars

Diet of the black-chinned siskin (<i>Carduelis barbata</i>) during autumn

Se analizó el contenido estomacal de 28 individuos de Cabecitanegra Austral (<i>Carduelis barbata</i>) colectados durante el otoño en el norte de la Patagonia. Todos los estómagos contuvieron alimento, cuyo peso promedio fue de 0.209 g. Se identificaron 11 ítems (7 de origen vegetal y 4 de origen animal). Las plantas predominaron en la dieta (85.8% en peso) y pertenecieron a las familias Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae y Solanaceae. Las semillas más abundantes fueron de Camelina microcarpa y Sisymbrium sp. La fracción animal estuvo representada solo por insectos (14.2%) de los órdenes Diptera (larvas) y Homoptera (familias Psyllidae y Aphididae). Los Aphididae estuvieron representados en gran cantidad de muestras por <i>Pterocomma populeum</i>. Los gastrolitos aparecieron en todas las muestras, con un peso promedio de 0.093 g. Es destacable el alto porcentaje de insectos que el Cabecitanegra Austral incluye en su dieta, teniendo en cuenta que pertenece a una familia típicamente granívora.The contents of 28 stomachs of the Black-chinned Siskin (<i>Carduelis barbata</i>) were analyzed from an autumn collection from the north of Patagonia. All stomachs contained food. The mean mass was 0.209 g. Eleven items (seven vegetal and four animal) were identified in the samples. The plant fraction was predominant (85.8% in weight) and corresponded to the families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae. <i>Camelina microcarpa</i> and <i>Sisymbrium sp</i>. were the more abundant seeds. The animal fraction was represented only by insects (14.2%) in the orders Diptera (larvae) and Homoptera (families Psyllidae and Aphididae). Aphididae was represented by <i>Pterocomma populeum</i> in many samples. Gastroliths were present in all samples, with a mean mass of 0.093 g. The high proportion of insects in the diet of the Black-chinned Siskin is striking considering that it belongs to a family of seed-eater

Genetic mapping and QTL analysis for peanut smut resistance

Background: Peanut smut is a disease caused by the fungus Thecaphora frezii Carranza & Lindquist to which most commercial cultivars in South America are highly susceptible. It is responsible for severely decreased yield and no effective chemical treatment is available to date. However, smut resistance has been identified in wild Arachis species and further transferred to peanut elite cultivars. To identify the genome regions conferring smut resistance within a tetraploid genetic background, this study evaluated a RIL population {susceptible Arachis hypogaea subsp. hypogaea (JS17304-7-B) × resistant synthetic amphidiploid (JS1806) [A. correntina (K 11905) × A. cardenasii (KSSc 36015)] × A. batizocoi (K 9484)4×} segregating for the trait. Results: A SNP based genetic map arranged into 21 linkage groups belonging to the 20 peanut chromosomes was constructed with 1819 markers, spanning a genetic distance of 2531.81 cM. Two consistent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified qSmIA08 and qSmIA02/B02, located on chromosome A08 and A02/B02, respectively. The QTL qSmIA08 at 15.20 cM/5.03 Mbp explained 17.53% of the phenotypic variance, while qSmIA02/B02 at 4.0 cM/3.56 Mbp explained 9.06% of the phenotypic variance. The combined genotypic effects of both QTLs reduced smut incidence by 57% and were stable over the 3 years of evaluation. The genome regions containing the QTLs are rich in genes encoding proteins involved in plant defense, providing new insights into the genetic architecture of peanut smut resistance. Conclusions: A major QTL and a minor QTL identified in this study provide new insights into the genetic architecture of peanut smut resistance that may aid in breeding new varieties resistant to peanut smut.Fil: de Blas, Francisco Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bruno, Cecilia Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Arias, Renee S.. National Peanut Research Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Ballén Taborda, Carolina. University of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Mamaní, Eva Maria Celia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Oddino, Claudio Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Rosso, Melina. No especifíca;Fil: Costero, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bressano, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Soave, Juan H.. No especifíca;Fil: Soave, Sara Josefina. No especifíca;Fil: Buteler, Mario I.. No especifíca;Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Massa, Alicia N.. National Peanut Research Laboratory; Estados Unido