829 research outputs found
AVALIAÇÃO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS NO COMBATE A MASTITE BOVINA
Mastite é a inflamação da glândula mamária da vaca, sendo infecto-contagiosa que mais se propaga nos rebanhos e geralmente causando grandes prejuízos a indústria de laticínios, pode ser provocada por cerca de 130 agentes envolvidos, dentre eles, bactérias, vírus, algas e fungos. As bactérias são os agentes de maior importância como causa da doença. Por esta razão o IFRN aprovou o projeto para avaliação de qual o melhor tratamento com plantas medicinais nativas a ser utilizada na cura da mastite. O enfoque do resultado do projeto estaria direcionado para o diagnóstico e cura da doença na criação de rebanhos leiteiros de pequenos produtores do Vale do Assu. Para a realização desse diagnóstico e investigação sobre planta medicinal a ser utilizado nas vacas acometidas pela mastite, serão realizados exames de antibiograma para investigar a susceptibilidade da bactéria a determinadas plantas. Nos resultados preliminares, realizados em laboratório, foi identificado que a casca do caule do cajueiro roxo (Anacardium occidentale L) tem ação antibiótica e a flor da catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) inibe a proliferação das bactérias existentes no leite de vacas infectadas com mastite sub-clínica. Desta maneira, sugere-se a possibilidade do uso deste vegetal no combate e cura a esta doença.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mastite, Antibiograma, Plantas medicinais
Análise Técnica de Ações: Um Estudo de Caso da Empresa Bombril S.A
Este trabalho buscou estudar a analise técnica de ações mostrando suas vantagens e desvantagens. Analisou o caso da empresa Bombril S/A aplicando os indicadores técnicos a preços históricos de ações para obter performance em investimento, verificando se esses indicadores são confiáveis. O cenário do estudo é composto pela série histórica das cotações da ação preferencial da Bombril (BOBR4), captadas entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006, organizadas em uma planilha no software Microsoft Excel. Os dados coletados apresentam as informações diárias referentes à data da transação, valor de abertura, fechamento, máxima e mínima, constando também do volume negociado e a quantidade de negociações realizadas. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam a validade do uso de indicadores para operar na bolsa de valores. Conclui que os autores técnicos possuem razão ao afirmar que esses dados devem ser utilizados com cautela e para que os indicadores sejam otimizados deve-se aumentar a amostra
Microscopic Image Segmentation to Quantification of Leishmania Infection in Macrophages
The determination of infection rate parameter from in vitro macrophages infected by Leishmania amastigotes is fundamental in the study of vaccine candidates and new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The conventional method that consists in the amastigotes count inside macrophages, normally is done by a trained microscope technician, which is liable to misinterpretation and sampling. The objective of this work is to develop a method for the segmentation of images to enable the automatic calculation of the infection rate by amastigotes. Segmentation is based on mathematical morphology in the context of a computer vision system. The results obtained by computer vision system presents a 95% accuracy in comparison to the conventional method. Therefore, the proposed method can contribute to the speed and accuracy of analysis of infection rate, minimizing errors from the traditional methods, especially in situations where exhaustive repetitions of the procedure are required from the technician.A determinação de parâmetros como taxa de infecção em monocultura de macrófagos cultivados in vitro com Leishmania é fundamental no estudo de candidatos vacinais e novos fármacos para o tratamento de leishmanioses. O método convencional que consiste na contagem de amastigotas no interior de macrófagos, normalmente é realizada por um especialista treinado em microscopia óptica, o que está sujeito a erros de interpretação e amostragem. O objetivo do trabalho é desenvolver um método para a segmentação de imagens como etapa preliminar para o cálculo automático da taxa de infecção por amastigotas. A segmentação é baseada em morfologia matemática no contexto de um sistema de visão computacional. Os resultados obtidos pelo método computacional demonstraram acerto de 95% quando comparados ao método convencional. Conclui-se que a metodologia computacional baseada na segmentação de imagem como pré-requisito para o cálculo de taxa de infecção, pode contribuir para a rapidez e a precisão na obtenção dos resultados e na minimização de erros cometidos no método tradicional, especialmente em situações em que exaustivas repetições do procedimento são exigidas ao observador
Complexo multienzimático em dietas de poedeiras comerciais
The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of laying hen diets with increasing levels of enzymatic complex composed of α-amylase, β-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, protease and phytase in the forms “on top”, with reductions in the levels of PB, MS, Ca, P available and amino acids. Semi-heavy 384 layers were used with Isa Brown hens, with an initial age of 29 weeks, distributed in six treatments with eight replications, with eight birds per experimental plot, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with sub installments on time (4 periods of 28 days each). The treatments were: Positive Control (PC) 2.750 kcal kg-1 MS, 17.2% PC and 0.41% available P; Negative Control (NC) 2.600 kcal kg-1 MS, 16.7% PC, 0.26% available P; Positive Control + 350 g ton-1 of feed of enzymatic complex (PC350); Negative Control + 250 g ton-1 of feed of enzymatic complex (NC250); Negative Control + 350 g ton-1 of feed of enzymatic complex (NC350) and; Negative Control + 500 g ton-1 of feed of enzymatic complex (NC500). The variables analyzed for growth performance were: feed intake (g bird-1 day-1), egg production (% bird-1 day-1), average egg weight (%) and feed conversion per egg mass (kg kg-1 of feed/eggs). The internal and external quality variables of the analyzed eggs were shell thickness (mm), bark percentages of albumen and yolk, Haugh unit and specific gravity (g cm-3). The addition of enzymatic complex did not interfere in the results of zoo-technical importance or quality of eggs from hens aged 29-44 weeks. Increased consumption of feed/bird/day was enough to supply the reduced nutritional levels of NC diets and maintain balance in the results to the rest of the variables. For some growth performance variables sometimes during the trial period, a negative influence of the inclusion of high levels of enzymatic complex was observed where the NC350 and NC500 diets had a high feed intake and a worst feed conversion than the other diets.Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de rações de poedeiras comerciais com um complexo multienzimático (CE), nas formas “on top”, com reduções nos níveis de PB, EM, Ca, P disponível e aminoácidos, com adição em níveis crescentes do complexo enzimático. Foram utilizadas 384 poedeiras semipesadas da linhagem Isa Brown, com idade inicial de 29 semanas, distribuídas em seis tratamentos com oito repetições, sendo oito aves por parcela experimental, utilizando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com parcelas subdividas no tempo (4 períodos de 28 dias cada). Os tratamentos foram: Controle Positivo (CP) 2.750 kcal kg-1 EM, 17,2% PB e 0,41% P disponível; Controle Negativo (CN) 2.600 kcal kg-1 EM, 16,7% PB e 0,26% P disponível; Controle Positivo + 350 g tonelada-1 do complexo enzimático (CP350); Controle Negativo + 250 g tonelada-1 de complexo enzimático (CN250); Controle Negativo + 350 g tonelada-1 de complexo enzimático (CN350) e; Controle Negativo + 500 g tonelada-1 do complexo enzimático (CN500). As variáveis analisadas de desempenho zootécnico foram: consumo de ração/ave/dia, produção de ovos/ave/dia, peso médio do ovo e conversão alimentar por massa de ovos. As variáveis de qualidade interna e externa dos ovos foram: espessura da casca, porcentagens de casca, albúmen e gema, Unidade Haugh e gravidade específica. A inclusão do complexo multienzimático não interferiu nos resultados de importância zootécnica nem na qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras com idade entre 29 a 44 semanas de vida. O aumento no consumo de ração/ave/dia foi suficiente para suprir os níveis nutricionais reduzidos das dietas CN e manter em equilíbrio os resultados para o restante das variáveis. Para algumas variáveis de desempenho zootécnico, em alguns momentos, foi possível observar a influência negativa da inclusão de altos níveis do complexo multienzimático
Leptin Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors in Mice: Involvement of Dopamine Receptors
Depression is a chronic and recurrent disorder, associated with high morbidity and risk of suicide. Leptin was firstly described as an anti-obesity hormone, but several actions of leptin in CNS have been reported. In fact, leptin regulates dopaminergic neurotransmission in mesolimbic areas and has antidepressant-like properties in stress-based models. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, putative antidepressant-like effects of leptin in an animal model of depressive-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the potential involvement of dopamine receptors as mediators of those behavioral effects. Mice were injected leptin (1.5 mg/kg, IP) or imipramine prior to LPS administration. To evaluate the involvement of dopamine receptors, different experimental groups were pretreated with either the dopaminergic antagonist SCH23390, for D1 receptors or raclopride, for D2/D3 receptors, prior to leptin injection. Twenty-four hours post-LPS, mice were submitted to the forced swimming and sucrose preference tests. In addition, IL-1β levels were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and striatum. BDNF levels were measured in the hippocampus. Our results showed that leptin, similarly to imipramine, prevented the core behavioral alterations induced by LPS (despair-like behavior and anhedonia), without altering locomotion. In neurochemical analysis, leptin restored LPS-induced changes in IL-1β levels in the PFC and striatum, and increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus. The blockade of dopamine D1 and D2/D3 receptors inhibited leptin's antidepressant-like effects, whilst only the blockade of D1-like receptors blunted leptin-induced increments in prefrontal IL-1β levels. Our results indicate that leptin has antidepressant-like effects in an inflammatory model of depression with the contribution, at least partial, of dopamine receptors
Perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes causados por picadas de abelhas no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Introdução: Acidentes por abelhas têm se tornado preocupantes no Brasil. Em Minas Gerais as incidências desses acidentes têm aumentado consideravelmente e a disponibilização de informações a respeito dessa casuística é importante. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por abelha em Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo que analisou os acidentes por picada de abelha em Minas Gerais, Brasil, notificados de 2009 a 2018, com dados disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: Foram registrados 18.940 casos, com incidência média anual de 9,18 casos por 100 mil habitantes e predominância de homens, moradores da zona urbana com a classificação leve. Os óbitos se concentraram na zona rural. Maiores de 65 anos apresentaram maior gravidade. Discussão: Houve aparente risco relacionado ao sexo e zona de ocorrência. Óbitos predominaram na zona rural possivelmente devido a demora de atendimento. A relação gravidade e faixa etária se deve possivelmente a imunossenecência. Este estudo apresenta como limitação a utilização de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, sujeitos a perdas quantitativas e qualitativas de informação. Conclusão: O presente estudo descreveu o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes por abelha em Minas Gerais
Otoliths-composed gelatin/sodium alginate scaffolds for bone regeneration
Evidence that otoliths, mineral-rich limestone concrescences present in the inner ear of bone fishes, can accelerate bone formation in vivo has been previously reported. The goal of this work was the development, characterization, and evaluation of the cytocompatibility of otoliths-incorporated sodium alginate and gelatin scaffolds. Cynoscion acoupaderived otoliths were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FRX), particle size, free lime, and weight loss by calcination. Furthermore, otoliths were incorporated into sodium alginate (ALG/OTL-s) or gelatin (GEL/OTL-s) scaffolds, previously developed by freeze-drying. Then, the scaffolds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), swelling tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity assays were run against J774.G8 macrophages and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Data obtained from TGA/DTG, DSC, and FTIR analyses confirmed the interaction between otoliths and the polymeric scaffolds. SEM showed the homogeneous porous 3D structure rich in otolith micro-fragments in both scaffolds. Swelling of the GEL/OTL-s (63.54±3.0%) was greater than of ALG/OTL-s (13.36±9.9%) (p0.05) and significantly higher than that treated with Triton-X (p0.05). However, by 48 h, only ALG/OTL-s showed growth similar to control (p>0.05), whereas GEL/OTL showed a significantly lower growth index (p<0.05). In conclusion, the physicochemical profiles suggest proper interaction between the otoliths and the two developed polymeric 3D scaffolds. Moreover, both materials showed cytocompatibility with J774.G8 macrophages but the growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was higher when exposed to ALG/OTL-s. These data suggest that sodium alginate/otoliths scaffolds are potential biomaterials to be used in bone regeneration applications.We would like to thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation for Research and Technological Innovation Support of the State of Sergipe for the
financial support in this study. EMBS acknowledges the sponsorship of the projects M-ERA-NET-0004/2015-PAIRED and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), received support from the Portuguese Science and
Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, and was co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Population-based seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the herd immunity threshold in Maranhão
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon
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