42 research outputs found

    Identificação de barreiras na implementação de metodologias ágeis na indústria automóvel

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    The automotive sector is one of the major contributors for the worldwide economy, not being just a vital element in the economy of the industrialized countries, where motor vehicle production and sales are one of the major impellers of the economy in those countries, but also contributes to the growth of other related activities as metallurgy, plastic/rubber, electronics, textiles, etc. thus empowering the global industrialization. The increasing competitive pressure in the sector led to the “projectivization” of product development processes, through defined concepts and organizational frameworks. However, as projects have grown into more dynamic and complex, consequently the ways of managing them should be reconsidered. Agile Project Management emerged within the software industry, but its applicability is theoretically feasible to any industry. This approach despite permitting to meet the rapidly changing requirements through iterative development, and increasing the process efficiency, the companies also face barriers and challenges in its implementation. Although there is literary evidence of barriers observed in the implementation of Agile Methodologies in software development, there is a lack of bibliographic evidence of barriers observed in the manufacturing sector, and almost null in the Automotive Industry. This survey intended to address a literature gap, identifying barriers in the implementation of Agile Methodologies in the Automotive Industry through a questionnaire survey, categorizing them, and detecting their major source, as well as find possible enablers and recommendations to overcome the identified barriers. “Organizational”, and “Knowledge and technology” barriers were found, through the factor “Improper competency management”. It was corroborated the existence of “Institutional” barriers, through the factor “Change predisposition”, and its correlation with the “No obligation” barrier. It was also found a correlation between the factor “Absence of immediate quantifiable benefits” with the “Lack of financial support” barrier, fitting these variables into the “Financial” barrier category. “Organizational support” and “Investment in training” were identified as the main enablers for the Agile Methodologies implementation. Lastly, a flowchart was developed to sequence the possible enablers and recommendations to overcome the identified barriers.A Indústria Automóvel é uma das maiores contribuições para a economia global, não sendo somente um elemento essencial na economia de países industrializados, onde a produção e venda de veículos motorizados são um dos maiores impulsionadores da economia desses países, como também contribui para o crescimento de outras atividades relacionadas, tais como metalurgia, plásticos e borrachas, dispositivos eletrónicos, têxteis, etc. contribuindo desta forma para a industrialização global. O aumento da pressão competitiva no setor conduziu à estruturação dos processos de desenvolvimento do produto, através da definição de conceitos e hierarquias organizacionais. No entanto, à medida que os projetos se tornam mais dinâmicos e complexos, consequentemente as formas de os gerir devem ser reconsideradas. A Gestão Ágil de Projeto surgiu na indústria do software, mas a sua aplicabilidade é teoricamente possível em qualquer indústria. Esta abordagem, apesar de permitir alcançar rápidas mudanças nos requisitos através de repetições sucessivas, e aumentar a eficiência do processo, as organizações também enfrentam barreiras e desafios na sua implementação. Embora haja evidência literária quanto às barreiras observadas na implementação de metodologias ágeis no desenvolvimento de software, é escassa a evidência bibliográfica quanto às barreiras observadas no setor da produção, e é praticamente nula na Indústria Automóvel. Este estudo pretendeu colmatar uma lacuna na literatura, através da identificação de barreiras na implementação de Metodologias Ágeis na Indústria Automóvel por intermédio de um questionário, categorizar as barreiras, assim como identificar a sua principal origem, encontrar possíveis recomendações e facilitadores para ultrapassar as barreiras identificadas. Foram encontradas barreiras “Organizacionais” e de “Conhecimento e tecnologia”, através do fator “Competência de gestão inadequada”. Foi corroborada a existência de barreiras “Institucionais”, através do fator “Predisposição para a mudança”, e a sua correlação com a barreira “Não obrigação”. Também foi encontrada uma correlação entre o fator “Ausência de benefícios imediatos quantificáveis” com a barreira “Falta de suporte financeiro”, abrangendo estas variáveis na categoria de barreiras “Financial”. “Suporte organizacional” e “Investimento em formação” foram identificados como os facilitadores principais para a implementação de Metodologias Ágeis. Por fim, foi desenvolvido um fluxograma de modo a sequenciar os possíveis facilitadores e recomendações para superar as barreiras identificadas

    Automatic system to identify and manage garments for blind people

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    In recent years, there has been increased attention towards the integration of handicapped individuals in society, with significant efforts being made to promote their inclusion. Technology has played a critical role in this effort, with several technological solutions emerging to help handicapped people in their daily routines, enabling them to better integrate into society. However, there are still challenges that remain, particularly in the area of basic tasks for blind people, such as managing and identifying personal garments. This study seeks to provide an improvement in the quality of life and well-being of blind people. A mechatronic automatism that allows the identification of user garments using sensors was developed. An interface developed with the implementation of a server responsible for managing the requests from the user is integrated. Algorithms were implemented for segmentation and classification of garments and for detecting the predominant colors of each garment. By the results obtained it was evidenced that the system could be an efficient solution to reduce the time taken for garment selection, particularly in terms of color differentiation and the selection of combinations for blind people.This work has been supported by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020, UIDB/05549/2020 and UIDP/05549/202

    Comportamento de blocos de terra comprimida estabilizados com resíduos industriais

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    The construction of masonry with compressed earth blocks (CEBs) is a modern earth construction technique with current growing interest, but its environmental sustainability is many times depreciated by the use of traditional chemical stabilisation techniques (lime and cement addition). This paper presents an experimental program where the possibility of manufacturing CEBs using granitic residual soils (GRS) from northern Portugal is addressed. The GRS were shown to be inadequate and their use for manufacturing CEBs requires chemical stabilisation. A composition study involving stabilisation by addition of cement and addition of geopolymeric binders resulting from the alkaline activation of fly ash or of calcinated sludge was carried out. Then, CEBs stabilised with alkaline activation of fly ash were manufactured and their mechanical properties were tested. In addition, the compressive behaviour of masonry built with these CEBs was also characterized. In general, the stabilisation with alkaline activation of fly ash revealed excellent results with respect to the improvement in strength.A construção em alvenaria de blocos de terra comprimida (BTC) é uma técnica de construção em terra moderna com um atual interesse crescente, mas a sua sustentabilidade ambiental é muitas vezes desvalorizada pelo recurso a técnicas de estabilização química tradicionais (adição de cal e cimento). Este artigo apresenta um programa experimental onde é avaliada a possibilidade de se manufaturarem BTC com solo residual granítico (SRG) do Norte de Portugal. Mostrou-se que os SRG não são adequados e que o seu uso na produção de BTC requer estabilização química. Realizou-se um estudo de composição envolvendo estabilização por adição de cimento e de ligantes geopoliméricos à base da ativação alcalina de cinza volante ou lamas calcinadas. Em seguida, manufaturam-se BTC estabilizados com ativação alcalina de cinzas volantes e testaram-se as suas propriedades mecânicas. Além disto, caraterizou-se o comportamento em compressão da alvenaria construída com estes BTC. Em geral, a estabilização com ativação alcalina de cinzas volantes revelou excelentes resultados no que diz respeito ao melhoramento da resistência

    Population analysis and evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogenomes

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    The study of mitogenomes allows the unraveling of some paths of yeast evolution that are often not exposed when analyzing the nuclear genome. Although both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are known to determine phenotypic diversity and fitness, no concordance has yet established between the two, mainly regarding strains’ technological uses and/or geographical distribution. In the current work, we proposed a new method to align and analyze yeast mitogenomes, overcoming current difficulties that make it impossible to obtain comparable mitogenomes for a large number of isolates. To this end, 12,016 mitogenomes were considered, and we developed a novel approach consisting of the design of a reference sequence intended to be comparable between all mitogenomes. Subsequently, the population structure of 6646 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogenomes was assessed. Results revealed the existence of particular clusters associated with the technological use of the strains, in particular regarding clinical isolates, laboratory strains, and yeasts used for wine-associated activities. As far as we know, this is the first time that a positive concordance between nuclear and mitogenomes has been reported for S. cerevisiae, in terms of strains’ technological applications. The results obtained highlighted the importance of including the mtDNA genome in evolutionary analysis, in order to clarify the origin and history of yeast species.This work was supported by the strategic programme UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P., by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020

    TIC: ENFOQUES E INFLUENCIAS EN EL TRABAJO DOCENTE CON METODOLOGÍAS ACTIVAS EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA Y POSPANDEMIA

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    O surgimento da pandemia do COVID-19 trouxe para a sociedade inúmeras dificuldades nos diversos setores, neste panorama, o setor educacional não ficou de fora, exigindo das instituições de ensino mudanças emergenciais, abrindo assim espaço para as modalidades não presenciais de ensino, as quais passaram a ter enorme evidência, uma vez que permitiam a continuidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Assim sendo, este estudo tem como propósito desenvolver uma análise acerca da relevância do trabalho com as metodologias ativas voltadas para o ensino remoto e a sua contribuição para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter teórico-bibliográfico fundamentada em conceitos apresentados por autores da literatura para melhor compreender a importância do ensino remoto durante o período pandêmico.  Com isso, revela-se que a modalidade de ensino não presencial tem suas vulnerabilidades, as quais resultam de problemas com a internet, e dizem respeito ao espaço reservado para estudo e determinados impasses com as plataformas on-line. Desse modo, compreende-se que o papel do aluno como protagonista do processo de ensino-aprendizagem na modalidade on-line é fundamental para a aquisição dos saberes, mas por outro lado, há determinadas intervenções que impedem o desenvolvimento da autonomia do aluno.O surgimento da pandemia do COVID-19 trouxe para a sociedade inúmeras dificuldades nos diversos setores, neste panorama, o setor educacional não ficou de fora, exigindo das instituições de ensino mudanças emergenciais, abrindo assim espaço para as modalidades não presenciais de ensino, as quais passaram a ter enorme evidência, uma vez que permitiam a continuidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Assim sendo, este estudo tem como propósito desenvolver uma análise acerca da relevância do trabalho com as metodologias ativas voltadas para o ensino remoto e a sua contribuição para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter teórico-bibliográfico fundamentada em conceitos apresentados por autores da literatura para melhor compreender a importância do ensino remoto durante o período pandêmico.  Com isso, revela-se que a modalidade de ensino não presencial tem suas vulnerabilidades, as quais resultam de problemas com a internet, e dizem respeito ao espaço reservado para estudo e determinados impasses com as plataformas on-line. Desse modo, compreende-se que o papel do aluno como protagonista do processo de ensino-aprendizagem na modalidade on-line é fundamental para a aquisição dos saberes, mas por outro lado, há determinadas intervenções que impedem o desenvolvimento da autonomia do aluno.The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic brought numerous difficulties to society in the various sectors, in this panorama, the educational sector was not left out, requiring emergency changes from educational institutions, thus making room for non-face-to-face teaching modalities, which became enormously evident, since they allowed the continuity of the teaching-learning process. Therefore, this study aims to develop an analysis of the relevance of working with active methodologies aimed at remote teaching and its contribution to the teaching-learning process. To this end, a theoretical-bibliographic research was carried out based on concepts presented by authors in the literature to better understand the importance of remote teaching during the pandemic period.  With this, it is revealed that the non-face-to-face teaching modality has its vulnerabilities, which result from problems with the internet, and are related to the space reserved for study and certain impasses with online platforms. Thus, it is understood that the role of the student as the protagonist of the teaching-learning process in the online modality is fundamental for the acquisition of knowledge, but on the other hand, there are certain interventions that prevent the development of the student's autonomy.La irrupción de la pandemia del COVID-19 trajo numerosas dificultades a la sociedad en los diversos sectores, en este panorama, el sector educativo no quedó de lado, requiriendo cambios de emergencia por parte de las instituciones educativas, dando así cabida a modalidades de enseñanza no presenciales, las cuales se hicieron enormemente evidentes, ya que permitieron la continuidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar un análisis de la pertinencia del trabajo con metodologías activas dirigidas a la enseñanza a distancia y su contribución al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para ello, se realizó una investigación teórico-bibliográfica a partir de conceptos presentados por autores en la literatura para comprender mejor la importancia de la enseñanza a distancia durante el periodo de pandemia.  Con esto, se revela que la modalidad de enseñanza no presencial tiene sus vulnerabilidades, las cuales resultan de problemas con internet, y están relacionadas con el espacio reservado para el estudio y ciertos impasses con las plataformas en línea. Así, se entiende que el papel del estudiante como protagonista del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la modalidad online es fundamental para la adquisición de conocimientos, pero por otro lado, existen ciertas intervenciones que impiden el desarrollo de la autonomía del estudiante

    AS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS PARA A PRÁTICA DA APRENDIZAGEM: AS VANTAGENS DO USO DA GAMIFICAÇÃO NA APRENDIZAGEM

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    Digital technologies, today, are very important in the practice that involves learning and, in this panorama, Gamification is a technological tool that facilitates learning. With this in mind, the central goal of this article is to consider Gamification as a model used as a solution in the teaching and learning method. The specific purposes of the article, on the other hand, are to understand the work through Gamification in the teaching and learning method and also to be able to highlight such a tool as being essential for interdisciplinary pedagogical use. For the construction of this article, the methodology of literature review was used, in view of readings of scientific articles and academic books that address the theme proposed here for debate. As a result of this research, it is possible to perceive the real and essential relevance of the use of Gamification in the educational process in view of its contribution so that students can have a more playful and fruitful learning.Las tecnologías digitales, hoy en día, son muy importantes en la práctica que implica el aprendizaje y, en este panorama, la Gamificación es una herramienta tecnológica que facilita el aprendizaje. Con esto en mente, el objetivo central de este artículo es considerar la Gamificación como un modelo utilizado como solución en el método de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Los propósitos específicos del artículo, por otro lado, son comprender el trabajo a través de la Gamificación en el método de enseñanza y aprendizaje y también poder destacar dicha herramienta como esencial para el uso pedagógico interdisciplinario. Para la construcción de este artículo se utilizó la metodología de revisión bibliográfica, a la vista de lecturas de artículos científicos y libros académicos que abordan el tema aquí propuesto para el debate. Como resultado de esta investigación, es posible percibir la relevancia real y esencial del uso de la Gamificación en el proceso educativo en vista de su contribución para que los estudiantes puedan tener un aprendizaje más lúdico y fructífero.As tecnologias digitais, hoje, se mostram muito importantes na prática que envolve a aprendizagem e, neste panorama, tem-se a Gamificação como ferramenta tecnológica que facilita a aprendizagem. Com isso em mente, a meta central deste artigo é considerar a Gamificação como um modelo usado como solução no método de ensino e de aprendizagem. Os desígnios específicos do artigo, por sua parte, são os de entender o trabalho por meio da Gamificação no método de ensino e de aprendizagem e ainda poder evidenciar tal ferramenta como sendo primordial para uso pedagógico interdisciplinar. Para a edificação deste artigo foi utilizada a metodologia da revisão literária, tendo como vista leituras de artigos científicos e ainda de livros acadêmicos que abordam a temática aqui proposta para debate. Como resultado desta pesquisa, pode-se perceber a real e imprescindível relevância do uso da Gamificação junto ao processo educacional, tendo em vista sua contribuição para que os alunos possam ter uma aprendizagem mais lúdica e mais profícua.As tecnologias digitais, hoje, se mostram muito importantes na prática que envolve a aprendizagem e, neste panorama, tem-se a Gamificação como ferramenta tecnológica que facilita a aprendizagem. Com isso em mente, a meta central deste artigo é considerar a Gamificação como um modelo usado como solução no método de ensino e de aprendizagem. Os desígnios específicos do artigo, por sua parte, são os de entender o trabalho por meio da Gamificação no método de ensino e de aprendizagem e ainda poder evidenciar tal ferramenta como sendo primordial para uso pedagógico interdisciplinar. Para a edificação deste artigo foi utilizada a metodologia da revisão literária, tendo como vista leituras de artigos científicos e ainda de livros acadêmicos que abordam a temática aqui proposta para debate. Como resultado desta pesquisa, pode-se perceber a real e imprescindível relevância do uso da Gamificação junto ao processo educacional, tendo em vista sua contribuição para que os alunos possam ter uma aprendizagem mais lúdica e mais profícua

    Breast reconstruction in young women and their peculiarities

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    INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the main features and methods used in breast reconstruction in young women considering their unique characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective records review of patients who underwent mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2015 was conducted, selecting those reconstructions that were performed in women younger than 40 years. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were selected. The average age was 33.86 years. Many had some comorbidities, the most common being overweight and anxiety/depressive disorder. Fourteen patients had a family history of the disease. Most were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. Additional cancer treatments were administered in most cases. All patients underwent a full mastectomy in the breast with cancer, and in 16, there was the option of contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy. Of the 43 reconstructions, 36 were immediate and 7 were delayed, and 17 involved use of implants, 13 involved use of tissue expanders, 4 involved the TRAM, and 9 involved the GD. We observed 15 complications; the most severe were infection with reconstruction loss in one patient and areola necrosis in another. CONCLUSIONS: Young women undergoing breast reconstruction represent a population subgroup with its own characteristics. The tumors and personal and social patterns differ, and based on this long list of variables, treatment options are diverse. In our series, breast implants and tissue expanders were often most used

    Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

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    BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

    Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

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    BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700
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