Organocatalytic Lewis base functionalisation of carboxylic acids, esters and anhydrides via C1-ammonium or azolium enolates

This tutorial review highlights the organocatalytic Lewis base functionalisation of carboxylic acids, esters and anhydrides via C1-ammonium/azolium enolates. The generation and synthetic utility of these powerful intermediates is highlighted through their application in various methodologies including aldol-lactonisations, Michael-lactonisations/lactamisations and [2,3]-rearrangements.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The Ursinus Weekly, October 26, 1967

Six seek Homecoming title • Peace march rocks heart of Washington • IF weekend features Soul Survivors\u27 sound • Students honor Scott Pierce • UC awarding degrees in Founders\u27 assembly • Open letter to Ursinus students • Editorial • On aggression • Warmakers confronted! • Letters to the editor • Dr. Rice scales fine rail models • Dialogue is coming • Three chosen as student-faculty representatives • Hartzells dig German way: A like affection shared by all and beer is lighter in Munich • Cross country: Dynasty in the making; Footballers impress • Grads view pre-med program • Bruins edged by Garnet after defeat by Wilkes • Booters\u27 spirit good despite four losses • Greek gleaningshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1179/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, October 12, 1967

Pulitzer winner speaks on economic insight • Students elect USGA committee to co-ordinate students, faculty • Tragedy shocks students; Death of senior mourned • Class officers elected; Frosh choose leaders • Chi Alpha sets program plans • UC freshman tops Curtain Club\u27s cast • Editorial • A hall is not a home • Radio-free Canada • A modest proposal, a satire: For preventing dissent and resentment on the Ursinus campus, and for increasing unity of thought • Poker flats open amid dissent; Latest in do-it-yourself dorms • Rebirth of learning anticipated: Fine arts added to curriculum • WRUC goes AM-FM, plans live sportscasts • Impact of EXPO • College Scholars Program to end cult of courses • Bears outplayed, outclassed in Hopkins debacle • Bears battered by Blue Jays following 6-6 tie with Mules • Booters sweep two in convincing style, soccer year bright • Intramural corner • Moser\u27s two goals assure hockey win • Jayvees open year with double shutout • Greek gleaningshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1178/thumbnail.jp

The Origin of Anomalous Low-Temperature Downturns in the Thermal Conductivity of Cuprates

We show that the anomalous decrease in the thermal conductivity of cuprates below 300 mK, as has been observed recently in several cuprate materials including Pr$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_{7-\delta}$ in the field-induced normal state, is due to the thermal decoupling of phonons and electrons in the sample. Upon lowering the temperature, the phonon-electron heat transfer rate decreases and, as a result, a heat current bottleneck develops between the phonons, which can in some cases be primarily responsible for heating the sample, and the electrons. The contribution that the electrons make to the total low-$T$ heat current is thus limited by the phonon-electron heat transfer rate, and falls rapidly with decreasing temperature, resulting in the apparent low-$T$ downturn of the thermal conductivity. We obtain the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the low-$T$ thermal conductivity in the presence of phonon-electron thermal decoupling and find good agreement with the data in both the normal and superconducting states.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

SN 2011hw: Helium-Rich Circumstellar Gas and the Luminous Blue Variable to Wolf-Rayet Transition in Supernova Progenitors

We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of the peculiar Type IIn/Ibn supernova SN2011hw. Its light curve exhibits a slower decline rate than normal SNeIbc, with a peak absolute magnitude of -19.5 (unfiltered) and a secondary peak of -18.3 mag (R). Spectra of SN2011hw are unusual compared to normal SN types, most closely resembling the spectra of SNeIbn. We center our analysis on comparing SN 2011hw to the well-studied TypeIbn SN2006jc. While the two SNe have many important similarities, the differences are quite telling: compared to SN2006jc, SN2011hw has weaker HeI and CaII lines and relatively stronger H lines, its light curve has a higher luminosity and slower decline rate, and emission lines associated with the progenitor's CSM are narrower. One can reproduce the unusual continuum shape of SN2011hw with equal contributions of a 6000K blackbody and a spectrum of SN2006jc. We attribute this emission component and many other differences between the two SNe to extra opacity from a small amount of additional H in SN2011hw, analogous to the small H mass that makes SNeIIb differ from SNeIb. Slower speeds in the CSM and elevated H content suggest a connection between the progenitor of SN2011hw and the class of Ofpe/WN9 stars, which have been associated with LBVs in their hot quiescent phases between outbursts, and are H-poor - but not H-free like classical Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. We conclude that the similarities and differences between SN2011hw and SN2006jc can be largely understood if their progenitors exploded at different points in the transitional evolution from an LBV to a WR star.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRA

Predicting facebook users online privacy protection: Risk, trust, norm focus theory, and the theory of planned behavior

Journal ArticleThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in The Journal of Social Psychology on 21 April 2014, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00224545.2014.914881The present research adopts an extended theory of the planned behavior model that included descriptive norms, risk, and trust to investigate online privacy protection in Facebook users. Facebook users (N = 119) completed a questionnaire assessing their attitude, subjective injunctive norm, subjective descriptive norm, perceived behavioral control, implicit perceived risk, trust of other Facebook users, and intentions toward protecting their privacy online. Behavior was measured indirectly 2 weeks after the study. The data show partial support for the theory of planned behavior and strong support for the independence of subjective injunctive and descriptive norms. Risk also uniquely predicted intentions over and above the theory of planned behavior, but there were no unique effects of trust on intentions, nor of risk or trust on behavior. Implications are discussed. © Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Annual Cycle of Cloud Forcing of Surface Radiation Budget

The climate of the Earth is determined by its balance of radiation. The incoming and outgoing radiation fluxes are strongly modulated by clouds, which are not well understood. The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (Barkstrom and Smith, 1986) provided data from which the effects of clouds on radiation at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) could be computed (Ramanathan, 1987). At TOA, clouds increase the reflected solar radiation, tending to cool the planet, and decrease the OLR, causing the planet to retain its heat (Ramanathan et al., 1989; Harrison et al., 1990). The effects of clouds on radiation fluxes are denoted cloud forcing. These shortwave and longwave forcings counter each other to various degrees, so that in the tropics the result is a near balance. Over mid and polar latitude oceans, cloud forcing at TOA results in large net loss of radiation. Here, there are large areas of stratus clouds and cloud systems associated with storms. These systems are sensitive to surface temperatures and vary strongly with the annual cycle. During winter, anticyclones form over the continents and move to the oceans during summer. This movement of major cloud systems causes large changes of surface radiation, which in turn drives the surface temperature and sensible and latent heat released to the atmosphere

WR 110: A Single Wolf-Rayet Star With Corotating Interaction Regions In Its Wind?

A 30-day contiguous photometric run with the MOST satellite on the WN5-6b star WR 110 (HD 165688) reveals a fundamental periodicity of P = 4.08 +/- 0.55 days along with a number of harmonics at periods P/n, with n ~ 2,3,4,5 and 6, and a few other possible stray periodicities and/or stochastic variability on timescales longer than about a day. Spectroscopic RV studies fail to reveal any plausible companion with a period in this range. Therefore, we conjecture that the observed light-curve cusps of amplitude ~ 0.01 mag that recur at a 4.08 day timescale may arise in the inner parts, or at the base of, a corotating interaction region (CIR) seen in emission as it rotates around with the star at constant angular velocity. The hard X-ray component seen in WR 110 could then be a result of a high velocity component of the CIR shock interacting with the ambient wind at several stellar radii. Given that most hot, luminous stars showing CIRs have two CIR arms, it is possible that either the fundamental period is 8.2 days or, more likely in the case of WR 110, there is indeed a second weaker CIR arm for P = 4.08 days, that occurs ~ two thirds of a rotation period after the main CIR. If this interpretation is correct, WR 110 therefore joins the ranks with three other single WR stars, all WN, with confirmed CIR rotation periods (WR 1, WR 6, and WR 134), albeit with WR 110 having by far the lowest amplitude photometric modulation. This illustrates the power of being able to secure intense, continuous high-precision photometry from space-based platforms such as MOST. It also opens the door to revealing low-amplitude photometric variations in other WN stars, where previous attempts have failed. If all WN stars have CIRs at some level, this could be important for revealing sources of magnetism or pulsation in addition to rotation periods.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted in Ap