TEKNIK SYMBOLIC MODELING UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EMPATI PESERTA DIDIK:(Eksperimen Kuasi pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lembang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016)

Empati merupakan kompetensi yang penting untuk dikembangkan karena empati merupakan dasar dari kecakapan sosial, sehingga individu yang berempati akan lebih memiliki interaksi sosial yang baik dan mampu bersosialisasi dengan lingkungannya. Teknik symbolic modeling merupakan salah satu teknik dalam bimbingan dan konseling untuk memberikan bantuan kepada peserta didik dengan mengamati perilaku yang ditunjukkan oleh model melalui video, film, gambar maupun cerita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas teknik symbolic modeling dalam mengembangkan empati peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Lembang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Metode yang digunakan yaitu eksperimen kuasi dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group. Analisis data menggunakan statistik non parametrik melalui uji Mann-Whitney. Berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitney pada kelompok eksperimen, nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,005. Nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari α = 0,05, artinya terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara data pre-test dengan data post-test pada kelompok eksperimen. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol, nilai signifikansi hasil uji Mann Whitney adalah sebesar 0,857. Nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari α = 0,05, artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara data pre-test dengan data post-test kelompok kontrol. Dengan demikian menunjukkan bahwa teknik symbolic modeling efektif untuk mengembangkan empati peserta didik. Kata Kunci : Symbolic Modeling, Empati Empathy is an competency that important to developed in each individual because empathy is a foundation of social skills, so as individuals are able to empathize would to have a good social interaction and able to socialize with their environment. Symbolic modelling technique is one of techniques in guidance and counselling to provide assistance for student by conducting observation of the behaviour exhibited by the models through the media of video, movies, pictures, and stories. The aim of this research was to test the effectiveness of symbolic modeling technique to developing empathy 8th grade student of SMPN 1 Lembang the academic year 2015/2016. The research method use quasi experimental with nonequivalent control group design. Data analysis using non-parametric statistical Mann-Whitney test. Based on the Mann-Whitney test in the experimental group, the significant value is 0.005. If the significance value less than α = 0.05 it means that there are significant differences between data pre-test and post-test of experimental group. Whereas in the control group, the significant value is 0.857. The significant values is bigger than α = 0.05, it means that there are no significant differences between the pre-test and post-test data of control group. Thereby indicating that the symbolic modeling techniques effective to develop empathy of students. Keyword : Symbolic Modeling, Empath

Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av The Leyton Obsessional Inventory Child Version (LOI-CV)

Leyton Obsessional Inventory for Children (LOI-CV) er et spørreskjema for å kartlegge symptomer på tvangslidelse (OCD) hos barn og ungdom. Spørreskjemaet inneholder 20 testledd. Barnet eller ungdommen skal først angi om symptomet er til stede eller ikke tilstede. Dersom symptomet er tilstede skal de vurdere alvorlighetsgraden på en skala fra 1 til 3. Spørreskjemaet er utarbeidet av Carol Zaremba Berg og hennes kolleger, og det ble først publisert i 1988. Originalversjonen har vist god indre konsistens for alle barn og god test-retest stabilitet for aldersgruppen 11-16 år. Eldre studier viste god kriterievaliditet men nye studier har vist dårligere kriterievaliditet som kan indikere svak diagnostisk nøyaktighet. Den norske versjonen er oversatt av Knut Gundersen, Lars T. Jørgensen og Luke Moynahan. Den kan fritt benyttes av bokens eier men det er ikke spesifisert kompetansekrav til de som skal anvende testen. Det finnes en dansk studie hvor LOI-CV er brukt, og som rapporter skårer på LOI-CV hos 1032 barn og unge i alderen 11-17 år valgt ut fra en normalbefolkning. Det foreligger ingen dokumentasjon av måleegenskapene hverken ved den norske, danske eller svenske versjonen av testen. Vårt litteratursøk viste at det ikke foreligger noen dokumentasjon av måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen. Vi anbefaler brukere av den norske versjonen å være svært forsiktige i bruk og tolkning av LOI-CV.Som alle artikler i PsykTestBarn, kan denne fagfellevurderte artikkelen lastes ned, skrives ut og distribueres fritt for alle slags formål på følgende vilkår: korrekt referanse skal oppgis (se under), ingen kommersiell bruk, og ingen bearbeidelse av tekst eller innhold

eCBT Versus Standard Individual CBT for Paediatric Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Open access funding provided by NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology (incl St. Olavs Hospital - Trondheim University Hospital). The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway supported this work (Samarbeidsorganet mellom Helse Midt-Norge RHF og NTNU). Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions often with severe impairment affecting 1–3% of children and adolescents. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the therapeutic golden standard for paediatric OCD. However, face-to-face CBT is limited by accessibility, availability, and quality of delivery. Enhanced CBT (eCBT) a combination of face-to-face sessions at the clinic and treatment at home via webcam and a supportive app system aims to address some of these barriers. In this pilot study, we compared eCBT outcomes of 25 paediatric patients with OCD benchmarked against traditional face-to-face CBT (n = 269) from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study, the largest paediatric OCD CBT study to date. Pairwise comparisons showed no difference between eCBT and NordLOTS treatment outcomes. Mean estimate difference was 2.5 in favour of eCBT (95% CI − 0.3 to 5.3). eCBT compared to NordLOTS showed no significant differences between response and remission rates, suggesting similar effectiveness.Peer reviewe

Sexual obsessions in children and adolescents : Prevalence, clinical correlates, response to cognitive-behavior therapy and long-term follow up

No funding was received for this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The AuthorsSexual obsessions occur in pediatric and adult OCD including thoughts about sexual acts with family members, sexually inappropriate behavior, or homosexual orientation. They may remain undiagnosed because of embarrassment to report thoughts that are perceived as unacceptable. Prevalence studies of sexual obsessions in pediatric populations are rare. The present study investigated prevalence of sexual obsessions and treatment outcome compared to youth with OCD without sexual obsessions in a large sample. Sexual obsessions and OCD severity were assessed with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive- Compulsive Scale in all 269 participants of the Nordic Longterm OCD Treatment study (mean age 12.8 years, 48.7% boys) at baseline, after treatment and three years follow-up. Treatment consisted in individual manualized CBT with exposure and response prevention. Patients with and without sexual obsessions were compared on clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes. Sexual obsessions were reported by 18%, those with sexual obsessions were slightly older (13.5 versus 12.7 years). Both groups had no difference in treatment outcome, suggesting that if addressed, the response to CBT is similar in sexual, as in other obsessions. Clinicians need to be aware that children may need help to disclose and to identify these thoughts as obsessions to address them in treatment.Peer reviewe

Long- term remission status in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder : Evaluating the predictive value of symptom severity after treatment

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Tryg Foundation [grant number 122892] and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)It is unknown if long-term remission for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients is associated with post-treatment OCD symptom severity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if post-treatment symptom severity cut-offs can discriminate remitters from non-remitters in pediatric OCD patients during three years of follow-up. All participants (N = 269) from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study (NordLOTS) undergoing stepped-care treatment were included. Patients were rated with the Clinical Global Impression – Severity Scale (CGI-S) one (n = 186), two (n = 167), and three years (n = 166) after first-line cognitive-behavioral therapy. Post-treatment symptom severity scores as well as percentage reductions during treatment evaluated with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) were analyzed using receiver operating characteristics according to the CGI-S remission scores (< 2) at follow-up. Post-treatment CY-BOCS severity scores acceptably discriminated remitters from non-remitters at one-year follow-up, but poorly for the two- and three-year follow-up. Severity percentage reduction during treatment did not discriminate remission status acceptably at any follow-up point. Post-treatment OCD symptom severity status seems to have little discriminative value for long-term remission status in pediatric patients. Further research is warranted to detect post-treatment factors of prognostic value.Peer reviewe

Internet-based psychotherapy in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children can lead to a huge burden on the concerned patients and their family members. While successful state-of-the art cognitive behavioral interventions exist, there is still a lack of available experts for treatment at home, where most symptoms manifest. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) could overcome these restrictions; however, studies about iCBT in children with OCD are rare and mostly target computerized self-help resources and only email contact with the therapist. Therefore, we intended to build up and to evaluate an iCBT approach for children with OCD, replacing successful elements of traditional in-office face-to-face CBT, with face-to-face teleconferences, online materials, and apps. Methods: With the help of a pilot feasibility study, we developed the iCBT consisting of 14 teleconference sessions with the child and parents. The sessions are supported by an app assessing daily and weekly symptoms and treatment course completed by children and parents. Additionally, we obtain heart rate and activity scores from the child via wristbands during several days and exposure sessions. Using a waiting list randomized control trial design, we aim to treat and analyze 20 children with OCD immediately after a diagnostic session whereas the control group of another set of 20 OCD patients will be treated after waiting period of 16 weeks. We will recruit 30 patients in each group to take account for potential dropouts. Outcomes for the treatment group are evaluated before randomization (baseline, t0), 16 weeks (end of treatment, t1), 32 weeks (follow-up 1, t2), and 48 weeks after randomization (follow-up 2, t3). For the waiting list group, outcomes are measured before the first randomization (baseline), at 16 weeks (waiting list period), 32 weeks (end of treatment), 48 weeks after the first randomization (follow-up I), and 64 weeks after the first randomization (follow-up II). Discussion: Based on our experience of feasibility during the pilot study, we were able to develop the iCBT approach and the current study will investigate treatment effectiveness. Building up an iCBT approach, resembling traditional in-office face-to-face therapy, may ensure the achievement of well-known therapy effect factors, the acceptance in both patients and clinicians, and the wide distribution within the health system. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05037344 . Registered May 2019, last release August 13th, 2021

Internet-based psychotherapy in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) : protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Funding Information: The study was evaluated and funded by the Ministry of Ministry of Social Affairs, Health and Integration Baden Württemberg, Germany. The ministry was not involved in any other steps of the study, including the original design, study analyses, data interpretation, or the paper preparation. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Project DEAL and by Open Access Publishing Fund of University of Tübingen. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children can lead to a huge burden on the concerned patients and their family members. While successful state-of-the art cognitive behavioral interventions exist, there is still a lack of available experts for treatment at home, where most symptoms manifest. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) could overcome these restrictions; however, studies about iCBT in children with OCD are rare and mostly target computerized self-help resources and only email contact with the therapist. Therefore, we intended to build up and to evaluate an iCBT approach for children with OCD, replacing successful elements of traditional in-office face-to-face CBT, with face-to-face teleconferences, online materials, and apps. Methods: With the help of a pilot feasibility study, we developed the iCBT consisting of 14 teleconference sessions with the child and parents. The sessions are supported by an app assessing daily and weekly symptoms and treatment course completed by children and parents. Additionally, we obtain heart rate and activity scores from the child via wristbands during several days and exposure sessions. Using a waiting list randomized control trial design, we aim to treat and analyze 20 children with OCD immediately after a diagnostic session whereas the control group of another set of 20 OCD patients will be treated after waiting period of 16 weeks. We will recruit 30 patients in each group to take account for potential dropouts. Outcomes for the treatment group are evaluated before randomization (baseline, t0), 16 weeks (end of treatment, t1), 32 weeks (follow-up 1, t2), and 48 weeks after randomization (follow-up 2, t3). For the waiting list group, outcomes are measured before the first randomization (baseline), at 16 weeks (waiting list period), 32 weeks (end of treatment), 48 weeks after the first randomization (follow-up I), and 64 weeks after the first randomization (follow-up II). Discussion: Based on our experience of feasibility during the pilot study, we were able to develop the iCBT approach and the current study will investigate treatment effectiveness. Building up an iCBT approach, resembling traditional in-office face-to-face therapy, may ensure the achievement of well-known therapy effect factors, the acceptance in both patients and clinicians, and the wide distribution within the health system. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT05037344. Registered May 2019, last release August 13th, 2021.Peer reviewe

A sequence variant at 4p16.3 confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldPreviously, we reported germline DNA variants associated with risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in Dutch and Icelandic subjects. Here we expanded the Icelandic sample set and tested the top 20 markers from the combined analysis in several European case-control sample sets, with a total of 4,739 cases and 45,549 controls. The T allele of rs798766 on 4p16.3 was found to associate with UBC (odds ratio = 1.24, P = 9.9 x 10(-12)). rs798766 is located in an intron of TACC3, 70 kb from FGFR3, which often harbors activating somatic mutations in low-grade, noninvasive UBC. Notably, rs798766[T] shows stronger association with low-grade and low-stage UBC than with more aggressive forms of the disease and is associated with higher risk of recurrence in low-grade stage Ta tumors. The frequency of rs798766[T] is higher in Ta tumors that carry an activating mutation in FGFR3 than in Ta tumors with wild-type FGFR3. Our results show a link between germline variants, somatic mutations of FGFR3 and risk of UBC.info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/21807

Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS)

Beskrivelse. Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) er et semistrukturert intervju utviklet for å undersøke symptomer på tvangslidelse (OCD) hos barn og ungdom. Testene har en hovedskala for totalskårer og to underskalaer for henholdsvis tvangstanker og tvangshandlinger. En kliniker intervjuer barn og foreldre, og skårer svarene. Wayne K. Goodman og kolleger står bak utviklingen av CY-BOCS, som kom ut i 1997. Pål Zeiner og Robert Valderhaug står bak hver sin oversettelse av CY-BOCS. Det er ukjent hvem som har de formelle rettighetene til testen. Litteratursøk. Vi inkluderte én studie med et norsk (n=28) og et svensk (n=40) utvalg, og én studie med to svenske utvalg (n=121+113). Samtlige deltakere var barn og ungdom henvist til eller i behandling for OCD. Studiene rapporterte gjennomsnittskårer og korrelsjoner mellom CY-BOCS-skårer og skårer fra henholdsvis Child OCD Impact Scale (COIS) og Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Ingen av studiene rapporterte data om reliabilitet eller kriterievaliditet. Psykometri. Korrelasjonen var Spearmans rho 0,36 og 0,61 mellom CY-BOCS og henholdsvis COIS foreldre- og selvrapport i det norsk-svenske utvalget. CY-BOCS og CBCL totalskåre korrelerte med r=0,15 i det svenske utvalget. Konklusjon. Begrepsvaliditeten ved norske CY-BOCS-skårer har liten empirisk støtte på grunn av lite konsistente korrelasjonskoeffisienter basert på data fra ett lite utvalg. Mangelen på øvrig dokumentasjon av måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen av CY-BOCS tilsier at tolkning av skårer bør utøves med stor varsomhet i klinisk praksis. Psykometrisk forskning er nødvendig, med særlig fokus på interrater reliabilitet og kriterievaliditet

Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children: Present and Lifetime Version (6-18) (Kiddie-SADS-PL)

-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) er et semi-strukturert diagnostisk intervju for å evaluere nåværende og tidligere episoder av psykopatologi hos barn og ungdom. DSM-IV versjonen ble revidert av Joan Kaufman og kollega. Den norske versjonen er oversatt av Anne Mari Sund og Marianne Aalberg Villabø. Det finns også en foreløpig DSM-5 versjon på engelsk revidert av Joan Kaufman. Rettighetshaveren til den norske og internasjonale versjonen er Joan Kaufman. Intervjuet kan brukes for å evaluere minst 33 psykiatriske lidelser hos barn og ungdom. Gjennomsnittlig tid for å gå i gjennom hele intervjuet er 1,5 time. Hvis intervjuet er administrert til foreldre og barn separat så tar det 3 timer. Rettighetshaveren stiller ingen formelle kompetansekrav, men generelt sagt er K-SADS-PL et komplisert intervju som krever klinisk erfaring og diagnostisk kunnskap for å kunne gjennomføre på en forsvarlig måte. Det systematiske litteratursøket resulterte i 257 treff hvorav 14 publikasjoner beskrev K-SADS-PL i norske utvalg og fire publikasjoner i danske utvalg. Disse ble inkludert. De norske studiene rapporterte aktuelle forekomster, inter-rater reliabilitet eller begge deler, og én undersøkte sammenfallende og diskriminant validitet. Inter-rater reliabilitet viste i alle tilfeller utmerket samsvar mellom to eller flere ulike vurderere. K-SADS-PL viste også i en studie at barn diagnostisert med angst eller ADHD hadde høyere skår på dimensjonale mål på henholdsvis angst og ADHD enn barn uten disse diagnosene. Selv om kunnskapsgrunnlaget om måleegenskapene ved Kiddie-SADS-PL er begrenset, vil det likevel være forsvarlig at kvalifisert helsepersonell bruker intervjuet i forbindelse med klinisk utredning. Intervjuet er tett knyttet opp til diagnosesystemet DSM-IV, med klare kriterier. Utmerket inter-rater reliabilitet for sentrale diagnosegrupper støtter opp om forsvarlig bruk i kliniske sammenhenger. Det er fortsatt et behov for forskning på måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen av Kiddie-SADS-PL, og da særlig med hensyn til diagnostisk nøyaktighet og inter-rater reliabilitet for spesifikke diagnoser