Teacher Perceptions of Professional Development Required by the Wisconsin Quality Educator Initiative, PI 34

Existing research has shown an association between teachers\u27 professional growth and student success. However, there is a lack of information on the mandated professional development linked to Wisconsin teacher licensure requirements. The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of self-directed professional development and its impact on classroom instruction and student learning. Professional development plans are required by the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction as a licensing requirement for all Wisconsin teachers to remain in the profession. This study investigated the perspectives of initial educators on the required professional development plan incorporated as part of The Wisconsin Quality Educator Initiative, also known as PI 34, and how that plan has impacted their classroom instruction and student learning. Using a qualitative approach, teacher perspectives based on in-depth interviews, annual reflection logs, and the professional development plan documents were explored. Semi-structured interview questions provided a means to explore and uncover the answer to the basic research question: Does self-directed learning through creation of a professional development plan provide teachers with the professional growth needed to impact their instructional practice and ultimately student learning? The study explored teachers\u27 perceptions of their professional development experience and the impact of change in instruction and effect on student learning. Findings from the study showed that mandated professional development plans through the PI 34 process were not motivating factors to improve educators\u27 learning. Professional educators\u27 motivation to improve their craft and help their students succeed, combined with collaboration, and time were perceived by educators as factors necessary to change classroom instruction and impact student learning

Thermochemical Ablation Analysis of the Orion Heatshield

The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle will one day carry astronauts to the Moon and beyond, and Orion's heatshield is a critical component in ensuring their safe return to Earth. The Orion heatshield is the structural component responsible for absorbing the intense heating environment caused by re-entry to Earth's atmosphere. The heatshield is primarily composed of Avcoat, an ablative material that is consumed during the re-entry process. Ablation is primarily characterized by two processes: pyrolysis and recession. The decomposition of in-depth virgin material is known as pyrolysis. Recession occurs when the exposed surface of the heatshield reacts with the surrounding flow. The Orion heatshield design was changed from an individually filled Avcoat honeycomb to a molded block Avcoat design. The molded block Avcoat heatshield relies on an adhesive bond to keep it attached to the capsule. In some locations on the heatshield, the integrity of the adhesive bond cannot be verified. For these locations, a mechanical retention device was proposed. Avcoat ablation was modelled in CHAR and the in-depth virgin material temperatures were used in a Thermal Desktop model of the mechanical retention device. The retention device was analyzed and shown to cause a large increase in the maximum bondline temperature. In order to study the impact of individual ablation modelling parameters on the heatshield sizing process, a Monte Carlo simulation of the sizing process was proposed. The simulation will give the sensitivity of the ablation model to each of its input parameters. As part of the Monte Carlo simulation, statistical uncertainties on material properties were required for Avcoat. Several properties were difficult to acquire uncertainties for: the pyrolysis gas enthalpy, non-dimensional mass loss rate (Bc), and Arrhenius equation parameters. Variability in the elemental composition of Avcoat was used as the basis for determining the statistical uncertainty in pyrolysis gas enthalpy and Bc. A MATLAB program was developed to allow for faster, more accurate and automated computation of Arrhenius reaction parameters. These parameters are required for a material model to be used in the CHAR ablation analysis program. This MATLAB program, along with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data, was used to generate uncertainties on the Arrhenius parameters for Avcoat. In addition, the TGA fitting program was developed to provide Arrhenius parameters for the ablation model of the gap filler material, RTV silicone

Data encryption standard simulation and a bit-slice architecture design

This paper presents a high level language implementation of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) and discusses a design that employs a bit-sliced architecture. The HLL implementation was performed on Borland's® Delphi4™, language and proved to be highly valuable for obtaining the intermediate results that were required for debugging. The key objectives of this work were to make DES available for system applications written in the Delphi4 TM language and also to discuss the design of a bit-sliced DES architecture suitable for applications requiring low silicon area

O papel da revitalização do espaço público na geração de novos afetos urbanos: o conceito de "cidade feliz" aplicado a um "não-lugar" do Bairro do Cais do Sodré e Santos

O presente trabalho de projeto apresenta-se como uma proposta de revitalização urbana com o objetivo de gerar novos comportamentos e emoções no “não-lugar” entre a zona do Cais do Sodré e Santos, na cidade de Lisboa. O espaço-foco do estudo é identificado como um “nãolugar”, segundo o conceito desenvolvido por Marc Augé, (1994), mas com potencial de atrair as pessoas, contribuindo para uma “cidade feliz”, ideia concebida por Charles Montgomery (2015). O trabalho de projeto tem como ainda como referência central a investigação do urbanista Jan Gehl (2014), que se dedica ao estudo das cidades, tendo com foco seu aproveitamento pelas pessoas. A proposta é elaborada no contexto da pandemia do covid-19, iniciada em 2019, com a subsequente restrição da circulação e uso de lugares públicos, para a diminuição da propagação do vírus, que até junho de 2021 contaminou 170 milhões de pessoas. Neste cenário ainda de incerteza, os gestores das cidades começam a estudar como ter espaços dinâmicos capazes de proporcionar novas experiências de vivência urbana e social de forma segura e sustentável.This project work presents itself as a proposal for urban revitalization with the objective of generating new behaviors and emotions in a “non-place” between the Cais do Sodré and Santos area, in the city of Lisbon. The study's focus-space is identified as a “non-place”, according to a concept developed by Marc Augé (1994), but with the potential to attract people, contributing to a “happy city”, an idea conceived by Charles Montgomery (2015). This project work has as a central reference the investigation of the urban planner Jan Gehl (2014), who is dedicated to the study of cities, focusing on their use by people. The proposal is developed in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, initiated in 2019, with the subsequent restriction of circulation and use of public places, in order to reduce the spread of the virus, which until June 2021 had infected over 170 million people. In this still uncertain scenario, city managers are beginning to study how to have dynamic spaces capable of providing new experiences of urban and social living in a safe and sustainable way

Determination of Uncertainties for Analytically Derived Material Properties to Be Used in Monte Carlo Based Orion Heatshield Sizing

Ablative materials are often used for spacecraft heatshields to protect underlying structures from the extreme environments associated with atmospheric reentry. NASA's Orion EM-1 capsule has been designed to use a molded Avcoat material system. In order to determine the required heatshield thickness, a Monte Carlo approach to the sizing process was proposed. To perform the Monte Carlo simulation, statistical uncertainties on all material property input parameters were required. Obtaining these values for measured properties is straightforward, however input parameters that are derived analytically have historically used uncertainties based on engineering judgment. A MATLAB program was created to use laboratory generated thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data to calculate uncertainties on the Arrhenius parameters for molded Avcoat. Uncertainties associated with the normalized ablation rate and pyrolysis gas enthalpy were also generated using a wrapper script and the ACE code. These uncertainties could then be tied directly to measured values of individual elemental constituents. The resulting uncertainty values will allow for a probabilistic sizing approach on molded Avcoat with a higher level of confidence in the input parameters

Frequency of impulse control behaviours associated with dopaminergic therapy in restless legs syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Low doses of dopamine agonists (DA) and levodopa are effective in the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). A range of impulse control and compulsive behaviours (ICBs) have been reported following the use of DAs and levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease. With this study we sought to assess the cross-sectional prevalence of impulse control behaviours (ICBs) in restless legs syndrome (RLS) and to determine factors associated with ICBs in a population cohort in Germany. METHODS: Several questionnaires based on validated and previously used instruments for assessment of ICBs were mailed out to patients being treated for RLS. Final diagnoses of ICBs were based on stringent diagnostic criteria after psychiatric interviews were performed. RESULTS: 10/140 RLS patients of a clinical cohort (7.1%) were finally diagnosed with ICBs, 8 of 10 on dopamine agonist (DA) therapy, 2 of 10 on levodopa. 8 of the 10 affected patients showed more than one type of abnormal behaviour. Among those who responded to the questionnaires 6/140 [4.3%] revealed binge eating, 5/140 [3.6%] compulsive shopping, 3/140 [2.1%] pathological gambling, 3/140 [2.1%] punding, and 2/140 [1.4%] hypersexuality in psychiatric assessments. Among those who did not respond to questionnaires, 32 were randomly selected and interviewed: only 1 patient showed positive criteria of ICBs with compulsive shopping and binge eating. ICBs were associated with higher DA dose (p = 0.001), younger RLS onset (p = 0.04), history of experimental drug use (p = 0.002), female gender (p = 0.04) and a family history of gambling disorders (p = 0.02), which accounted for 52% of the risk variance. CONCLUSION: RLS patients treated with dopaminergic agents and dopamine agonists in particular, should be forewarned of potential side effects. A careful history of risk factors should be taken.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Thermal Analysis of Potted Litz Wire for High-Power-Density Aerospace Electric Machines

Increasing the power density and efficiency of electric machines (motors and generators) is integral to bringing Electrified Aircraft (EA) to commercial realization. To that end an effort to create a High Efficiency Megawatt Motor (HEMM) with a goal of exceeding 98% efficiency and 1.46 MW of power has been undertaken at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Of the motor components the resistive losses in the stator windings are by far the largest contributor (34%) to total motor loss. The challenge is the linear relationship between resistivity and temperature, making machine operation sensitive to temperature increases. In order to accurately predict the thermal behavior of the stator the thermal conductivity of the Litz wire-potting-electrical insulation system must be known. Unfortunately, this multi material system has a wide range of thermal conductivities (0.1 W/m-K 400 W/m-K) and a high anisotropy (axial vs transverse) making the prediction of the transverse thermal conductivity an in turn the hot spot temperatures in the windings is difficult. In order to do this a device that simulates the thermal environment found in the HEMM stator was designed. This device is not unlike the motorettes (little motors) that are described in IEEE standards for testing electrical insulation lifetimes or other electric motor testing. However, because the HEMM motor design includes significant rotor electrical and thermal considerations the term motorette was not deemed appropriate. Instead statorette (or little stator) was adopted as the term for this test device. This paper discussed the design, thermal heat conjugate analysis (thermal model), manufacturing and testing of HEMM's statorette. Analysis of the results is done by thermal resistance network model and micro thermal model and is compared to analytical predictions of thermal conductivity of the insulated and potted Litz wire system

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE EQUAÇÕES DE REFERÊNCIA PARA A PREDIÇÃO DA DISTÂNCIA PERCORRIDA NO TESTE DE CAMINHADA DOS SEIS MINUTOS EM CRIANÇAS BRASILEIRAS COM FIBROSE CÍSTICA

Objetivo: Comparar as distâncias previstas do teste de caminhada dos seis minutos (TC6M) obtidas através de cinco equações de referência e verificar a correlação das mesmas com os valores absolutos obtidos nos testes. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, observacional com crianças com fibrose cística e idade entre 8 e 12 anos. O TC6M foi realizado de acordo com as normas da American Thoracic Society. Para a predição das distâncias a serem percorridas, foram utilizadas as equações de Priesnitz et al, Ben Saad et al, Ulrich et al, Li et al e Geiger et al. A análise de variância de uma via com pós teste Dunnet foi utilizada para comparar as médias dos valores preditos por cada equação. A correlação entre a distância percorrida e as previstas pelas equações foi realizada através da análise de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 24 crianças (50% do sexo masculino). A distância percorrida no TC6M foi de 613,3±64,9m. De acordo com as equações, as crianças percorreram de 79,0%±7,9 a 101,4%±9,1. As equações de Priesnitz et al, Ulrich et al e Geiger et foram semelhantes entre si. As equações de Priesnitz et al e Geiger et al apresentaram melhor correlação entre a distância percorrida e a distância prevista (r=0,8, p<0,05). Conclusão: As equações de referência avaliadas neste estudo apresentam resultados diferentes, podendo super ou subestimar a capacidade funcional da criança. Desta forma, a escolha da equação de referência deve considerar as características demográficas dos pacientes avaliados

Rates of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease and risk factors in patients treated with radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer

BACKGROUND. Radiation therapy (RT), a critical component of breast-conserving therapy for breast cancer, has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in numerous older studies, but the risk may be lower with modern techniques. METHODS. Observed rates of cardiac events in 828 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and RT at the University of Michigan were compared with expected rates. Relations between potential risk factors and actuarial rates of first CAD event were analyzed. RESULTS. Observed risks of cardiac events were lower than expected. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.70). The SIR of MI or CAD requiring intervention was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27–0.68). With a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 12 (1.4%) patients had at least 1 MI on follow-up and 20 (2.4%) had at least 1 MI or CAD requiring intervention. Median age at first cardiac event was 75.9 years (range, 43.1–91.5). Median interval from RT to occurrence of the first cardiac event was 3.7 years (range, 13 days to 15.4 years). The 10-year cumulative incidence of MI was 1.2% and cumulative incidence of MI or CAD requiring intervention was 2.7%. On multivariate analysis, age, diabetes mellitus, active smoking, and laterality of RT were significant predictors of MI. Age and active smoking were significant predictors of MI or CAD requiring intervention. CONCLUSIONS. Patients in this series had lower risk of ischemic cardiac events than expected. Although small in absolute magnitude, patients radiated to the left side did have a statistically significant increased risk of MI. These findings support further investigation of techniques to minimize the long-term cardiac risks faced by breast cancer patients. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55928/1/22452_ftp.pd