De la Vicomtesse Emma et de son entourage

Mystérieuse carrière que celle d’Emma la Vicomtesse dans la seconde moitié du XIIe siècle… Entre la Normandie, l’Angleterre et la région parisienne, elle prend à ferme les revenus ducaux, pratique le commerce et apparaît dans des nécrologes d’établissements ecclésiastiques. Le roi Henri II, imité par de grands personnages de la cour, lui apporte son soutien, tandis qu’elle fréquente les élites bourgeoises, les marchands et les prêteurs d’argent qui accompagnent l’émergence de la commune de Rouen. Alors que deux de ses fils prennent une part active au gouvernement communal, on ignore tout de l’origine sociale de la Vicomtesse, qui n’est jamais associée à un mari, mais accède à des fonctions importantes et assume des responsabilités rares pour une femme seule à cette époque.The career of Viscountess Emma, in the second half of the 12th century, was indeed a mysterious one… Between Normandy, England and the Paris region, she farmed out the income of the duchy, engaged in trade and appeared in the obituary registers of ecclesiastical institutions. King Henry II, his example followed by high-ranking members of his court, lent her his support, while she frequented the citizen elite, the merchants and the money-lenders involved in the emergence of the Commune of Rouen. Two of her sons played an active part in the governing of the town, but nothing is known of the social origins of the Viscountess, who was never considered in association with a husband, yet rose to positions of importance and took on responsibilities rarely assumed at that time by a woman acting in her own right

Modelado en 3D de una puerta de la ciudad de Rennes del siglo XV: Portes Mordelaises

[EN] The Portes Mordelaises, remnants of the medieval city walls of Rennes, France, has been the subject of several archaeological excavations until 2017. From these excavations, we created a three-dimensional (3D) model of the site reconstructed as it would have appeared during the 15th century, including the surrounding plus the interiors of its famed towers. Once our efforts and results were officially recognised as being of national interest by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication, Department of Heritage and the National Museum Service of France, we presented our virtual model reconstruction in an exhibition curated by the Museum of Bretagne, entitled "Rennes, les vies d'une ville" (Rennes, the Lives of a City). This approach to 3D reconstruction of the site served to further study Rennes’ origins, its construction, organisation, as well as its historic relationship to surrounding territories. The main objective of this work was to investigate, using of a significant and com[ES] Las Portes Mordelaises, restos de las murallas medievales de la ciudad de Rennes, Francia, han sido objeto de varias excavaciones arqueológicas hasta el año 2017. A partir de estas excavaciones, pudimos crear un modelo tridimensional (3D) del sitio reconstruido tal y como habría aparecido durante el siglo XV, incluyendo los terrenos circundantes así como los interiores de sus famosas torres. Una vez que nuestros esfuerzos y resultados fueron reconocidos oficialmente como de interés nacional por el Ministerio de Cultura y Comunicación de Francia, el Departamento de Patrimonio así como el Servicio Nacional de Museos de Francia, presentamos nuestra reconstrucción del modelo virtual en una exposición gestionada por el Museo de Bretaña titulada "Rennes, las vidas de una ciudad”. Este enfoque de la reconstrucción en 3D del sitio sirvió para profundizar en el estudio de los orígenes de Rennes, su construcción, su organización, así como su relación histórica con los territorios circundantes. EBarreau, J.; Esnault, E.; Foucher, J.; Six, M.; Le Faou, C. (2020). 3D modelling of a 15th century city gate of Rennes: Portes Mordelaises. Virtual Archaeology Review. 11(22):41-55. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2020.12653OJS41551122Ahmad, T., Afzal, M., Hayat, F., Asif, H. S., Ahsan, S., & Saleem, Y. (2012). Need for software design methodology for remote sensing applications. Life Sci Journal, 9(3), 2152-2156.Al-Baghdadi, M. A. S. (2017). 3D printing and 3D scanning of our ancient history: Preservation and protection of our cultural heritage and identity. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 8(5), 441-456.Alix, C., Carron, D., Roux-Capron, E., & Josserand, L. (2016). La porte Bannier, entrée principale de la ville d'Orléans aux XIVe-XVe siècles. 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Fouille programmée, RAP02919, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.sra-bretagne.fr/files/original/f3e868678cdd1dd64a9cd2fd12efde4b.pdfEsnault, E. (2014b). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). Les portes Mordelaises. Archéologie Médiévale, 44, 279.Esnault, E. (2015a). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermédiaire de fp. Fouille programmée, RAP03063, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.srabretagne.fr/files/original/912019e9c7133236f6611868b3b0fa86.pdfEsnault, E. (2015b). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). Les portes Mordelaises. Archéologie Médiévale, 45, 250-251.Esnault, E. (2016a). RENNES (35). Les Portes Mordelaises. Rapport intermediaire 2015 de FP. Fouille programmée, RAP03203, Service Régional de l'Archéologie de Bretagne. Retrieved from http://bibliotheque.numerique.srabretagne.fr/files/original/034c4915717c242d2af1df753ce91089.pdfEsnault, E. (2016b). Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine). 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Limited resilience of the soil microbiome to mechanical compaction within four growing seasons of agricultural management

Soil compaction affects many soil functions, but we have little information on the resistance and resilience of soil microorganisms to this disturbance. Here, we present data on the response of soil microbial diversity to a single compaction event and its temporal evolution under different agricultural management systems during four growing seasons. Crop yield was reduced (up to −90%) in the first two seasons after compaction, but mostly recovered in subsequent seasons. Soil compaction increased soil bulk density (+15%), and decreased air permeability (−94%) and gas diffusion (−59%), and those properties did not fully recover within four growing seasons. Soil compaction induced cropping system-dependent shifts in microbial community structures with little resilience over the four growing seasons. Microbial taxa sensitive to soil compaction were detected in all major phyla. Overall, anaerobic prokaryotes and saprotrophic fungi increased in compacted soils, whereas aerobic prokaryotes and plant-associated fungi were mostly negatively affected. Most measured properties showed large spatial variability across the replicated blocks, demonstrating the dependence of compaction effects on initial conditions. This study demonstrates that soil compaction is a disturbance that can have long-lasting effects on soil properties and soil microorganisms, but those effects are not necessarily aligned with changes in crop yield

Le prieuré de Saint-Gabriel.

Six Manon. Le prieuré de Saint-Gabriel. In: Annales de Normandie, 52ᵉ année, n°2, 2002. pp. 99-127

Les bienfaiteurs de Saint-Ouen de Rouen pendant la période ducale : une esquisse

Six Manon. Les bienfaiteurs de Saint-Ouen de Rouen pendant la période ducale : une esquisse. In: Annales de Normandie, 55ᵉ année, n°1-2, 2005. pp. 144-145

Mixed Effects of Soil Compaction on the Nitrogen Cycle Under Pea and Wheat

International audienceSoil compaction caused by highly mechanized agriculture can constrain soil microbial diversity and functioning. Physical pressure on the soil decreases macropores and thereby limits oxygen diffusion. The associated shift from aerobic to anaerobic conditions can reduce nitrification and promote denitrification processes, leading to nitrogen (N) losses and N depletion that affect plant productivity. High soil moisture content during trafficking can exacerbate the negative effects of soil compaction. However, the extent to which soil moisture amplifies the effects of compaction on the soil microbiome and its control over N cycling is not well understood. Using a controlled greenhouse experiment with two different crops (pea and wheat), we compared the effects of compaction at three different soil moisture levels on soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and the abundance of specific N species and quantification of associated microbial functional groups in the N cycle. Soil compaction increased bulk density from 15% (light compaction) to 25% (severe compaction). Compaction delayed germination in both crops and reduced yield by up to 60% for pea and 40% for wheat. Compaction further induced crop-specific shifts in microbial community structures. After compaction, the relative abundance of denitrifiers increased along with increased nitrate (NO 3 – ) consumption and elevated nitrous oxide (N 2 O) concentrations in the soil pores. Conversely, the relative abundance of nitrifiers remained stable under compaction, but potentially decelerated nitrification rates, resulting in ammonium (NH 4 + ) accumulation in the soil. This study showed that soil compaction effects are proportional to the initial soil moisture content, which could serve as a good indicator of compaction severity on agricultural fields. However, the impact of soil compaction on crop performance and on microbial communities and functions associated with the N cycle were not necessarily aligned. These findings demonstrate that not only the soil physical properties but also various biological indicators need to be considered in order to provide more precise recommendations for developing sustainable farming systems

The diagnostic value of clinical symptoms in women and men presenting with chest pain at the emergency department, a prospective cohort study

Background: Previous studies suggested that diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) is more difficult in women than in men. Studies investigating the predictive value of clinical signs and symptoms and compare its combined diagnostic value between women and men are lacking. Methodology: Data from a large multicenter prospective study was used. Patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain but without ST-elevation were eligible. The endpoint was proven CAD, defined as a significant stenosis at angiography or the diagnosis of a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death within six weeks after presentation at the ED. Twelve clinical symptoms and seven cardiovascular risk factors were collected. Potential predictors of CAD with a p-value <0.15 in the univariable analysis were included in a multivariable model. The diagnostic value of clinical symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors was quantified in women and men separately and areas under the curve (AUC) were compared between sexes. Results: A total of 2433 patients were included. We excluded 102 patients (4%) with either an incomplete follow up or ST-elevation. Of the remaining 2331 patients 43% (1003) were women. CAD was present in 111 (11%) women and 278 (21%) men. In women 11 out of 12 and in men 10 out of 12 clinical symptoms were univariably associated with CAD. The AUC of symptoms alone was 0.74 (95%CI: 0.69-0.79) in women and 0.71 (95%CI: 0.68-0.75) in men and increased to respectively 0.79 (95%CI: 0.74-0.83) in women versus 0.75 (95%CI: 0.72-0.78) in men after adding cardiovascular risk factors. The AUCs of women and men were not significantly different (p-value symptoms alone: 0.45, after adding cardiovascular risk factors: 0.11). Conclusion: The diagnostic value of clinical symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors for the diagnosis of CAD in chest pain patients presenting on the ED was high in women and men. No significant differences were found between sexes

In-depth analysis of N2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis

Primary tropical forests generally exhibit large gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, occurring as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) or elemental nitrogen (N2). The release of N2O is of particular concern due to its high global warming potential and destruction of stratospheric ozone. Tropical forest soils are predicted to be among the largest natural sources of N2O; however, despite being the world’s second-largest rainforest, measurements of gaseous N-losses from forest soils of the Congo Basin are scarce. In addition, long-term studies investigating N2O fluxes from different forest ecosystem types (lowland and montane forests) are scarce. In this study we show that fluxes measured in the Congo Basin were lower than fluxes measured in the Neotropics, and in the tropical forests of Australia and South East Asia. In addition, we show that despite different climatic conditions, average annual N2O fluxes in the Congo Basin’s lowland forests (0.97 ± 0.53 kg N ha−1 year−1) were comparable to those in its montane forest (0.88 ± 0.97 kg N ha−1 year−1). Measurements of soil pore air N2O isotope data at multiple depths suggests that a microbial reduction of N2O to N2 within the soil may account for the observed low surface N2O fluxes and low soil pore N2O concentrations. The potential for microbial reduction is corroborated by a significant abundance and expression of the gene nosZ in soil samples from both study sites. Although isotopic and functional gene analyses indicate an enzymatic potential for complete denitrification, combined gaseous N-losses (N2O, N2) are unlikely to account for the missing N-sink in these forests. Other N-losses such as NO, N2 via Feammox or hydrological particulate organic nitrogen export could play an important role in soils of the Congo Basin and should be the focus of future research.ISSN:1751-7362ISSN:1751-737

Baseline characteristics of women and men (n = 2331).

<p>n: number; SD: standard deviation; CV: cardiovascular;</p><p>*: combination of CABG, PCI, CVA, PAD; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; ECG: electrocardiogram; AP: angina pectoris</p><p>Baseline characteristics of women and men (n = 2331).</p

Flowchart.

<p>Flowchart.</p