Material Budget Calculation of the new Inner Tracking System, ALICE

The ALICE Collaboration aims at studying the physics of strongly interacting matter by building up a dedicated heavy-ion detector. The Inner Tracking System (ITS) is located in the heart of the ALICE Detector surrounding the interaction point. Now, ALICE has a plan to upgrade the inner tracking system for rare probes at low transverse momentum. The new ITS composes of seven layers of silicon pixel sensor on the supporting structure. One goal of the new design is to reduce the material budget ($X/X_0$) per layer to 0.3$\%$ for inner layers and 0.8$\%$ for middle and outer layers. In this work, we perform the calculations based on detailed geometry descriptions of different supporting structures for inner and outer barrel using ALIROOT. Our results show that it is possible to reduce the material budget of the inner and outer barrel to the value that we have expected. The manufacturing of such prototypes are also possible.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, regular pape

Non-degenerate umbilics, the path formulation and gradient bifurcation problems

Parametrised contact-equivalence is successful for the understanding and classification of the qualitative local behaviour of bifurcation diagrams and their perturbations. Path formulation is an alternative point of view. It makes explicit the singular behaviour due to the core of the bifurcation germ (when the parameters vanish) from the effects of the way parameters enter. Here we show how path formulation can be used to classify and structure efficiently multiparameter bifurcation problems in corank 2 problems. In particular, the non degenerate umbilics singularities are the generic cores in four situations: the general or gradient problems and the Z_2-equivariant (general or gradient) problems where Z_2 acts on the second component of R^2 via the reflection kappa(x,y)=(x,-y). The universal unfolding of the umbilic singularities have an interesting 'Russian doll' type of structure of universal unfoldings in all those categories. In our approach we can handle one, or more, parameter situations using the same framework. We can even consider some special parameter structure (for instance some internal hierarchy). We classify the generic bifurcations with 1, 2 or 3 parameters that occur in those cases. Some results are known with one bifurcation parameter, but the others are new. We discuss some application to the bifurcation of a cylindrical panel under different loads structure. This problem has many natural parameters that provide concrete examples of our generic diagrams around the first interaction of the buckling modes

A note on the path formulation for (O(2),SO(2))-forced symmetry breaking bifurcation

In this note we deal with the liftability of vector fields over the projection onto the parameter space for SO(2)-equivariant universal unfoldings (under contact equivalence) of O(2)-equivariant problems of corank 2 and the application of those results to the path formulation for bifurcation problems with the forced symmetry breaking from O(2) to SO(2). In the non equivariant case it is well known that vector fields are liftable over the projection if and only if they are tangent to its discriminant and that they form a free module. Previously we discussed equivariant cases under finite groups where the two modules are different, although both are free. Here we have continuous Lie groups, with a simple action, but both modules are again equal and free

Liquid crystals of hard rectangles on flat and cylindrical manifolds

Using the classical density functional theory of freezing and Monte Carlo computer simulations, we explore the liquid-crystalline phase behavior of hard rectangles on flat and cylindrical manifolds. Moreover, we study the effect of a static external field which couples to the rectangles' orientations, aligning them towards a preferred direction. In the flat and field-free case, the bulk phase diagram involves stable isotropic, nematic, tetratic, and smectic phases depending on the aspect ratio and number density of the particles. The external field shifts the transition lines significantly and generates a binematic phase at the expense of the tetratic phase. On a cylindrical manifold, we observe tilted smectic-like order, as obtained by wrapping a smectic layer around a cylinder. We find in general good agreement between our density functional calculations and particle-resolved computer simulations and mention possible setups to verify our predictions in experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

PENERAPAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT) PADA KLIEN SKIZOFRENIA DENGAN MASALAH KEPERAWATAN ISOLASI SOSIAL : MENARIK DIRI DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA MENUR SURABAYA

Isolasi sosial merupakan suatu keadaan perubahan yang dialami klien skizofrenia. Suatu satu keluhan yang diderita menyendiri dari seseorang dan perasaan segan terhadap orang lain sebagai sesuatu yang negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan inovasi Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Pada klien Skizofrenia dengan Masalah Keperawatan Isolasi Sosial : Menarik Diri di RSJ Menur Surabaya” Desain penelitian menggunakan studi kasus, subjek penelitian Ny “K” dengan diagnosa medis skizofrenia, dengan masalah keperawatan isolasi sosial : menarik diri. Metode pengumpulan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan terapi Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) sangat baik dan efektif digunakan untuk pasien yang kesulitan dalam merubah perilaku negatif ke positif. Penerapan terapi Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) ini dilakukan selama kurang lebih 30-45 menit setiap hari. Penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) ini semakin sering dilakukan untuk klien dengan isolasi sosial : menarik diri maka sangat membantu dan mempermudah klien dalam berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Sehingga diharapkan perawat melakukan intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) ini pada klien dengan isolasi sosial

The classification of corank one forced symmetry breaking

Forced-symmetry breaking occurs when a bifurcation equation changes its symmetry when a parameter varies. It is to be contrasted with the phenomena of spontaneous symmetry breaking when the symmetry of the equations are kept constant but the symmetry of the bifurcating solutions can change. In this work we classify the normal forms in the simplest possible forced symmetry-breaking situation, that of corank one. We use the Path Formulation approach for bifurcation problems

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL (SPLDV) DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF (Penelitian dilakukan di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016)

Yaumil Sitta Achir. K1311079. ANALYSIS ON STUDENT’S MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION ABILITY IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING ON LINEAR EQUATION SYSTEM OF TWO VARIABLES VIEWED FROM COGNITIVE STYLE. (The Research was conducted in grade 8 SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta year 2015/2016). Thesis, Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. April, 2016. The purpose of this research were : (1) To describe ability and to know student’s mathematical communication in writing level who has Field Independent in cognitive style grade 8 SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in mathematical problem solving on Linear Equation System of Two Variables, (2) To describe ability and to know student’s mathematical communication in writing level who has Field Dependent in cognitive style grade 8 SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in mathematical problem solving on Linear Equation System of Two Variables. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this research was students of grade VIII B that has 30 students. Subject was determined by purposive sampling technique, so it was taken four students who would be the subject which was divided by two students of Field Dependent and two students of Field Independent. The data source was got from the subject of this research. The data collection techniques in this research were questionnaire and interviewed based on the task. The data analysis technique used three activities, which were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion taking. The data validity in this research used triangulasi of time. Based on the analysis data, we got the information that: (1) Student’s mathematical communication in writing ability of Field Dependent cognitive style are: (a) Students could explain the problem by mentioning what were given and what were asked in the problem, (b) students could not turn the contextual problem into mathematical model, (c) Students could use mathematical representasion from a whole information that given in problem, (d) Students could not do the steps of problem solving completely, (e) Students could not get the final solution, (f) students could not connect the solution back into contextual problem. Students who has Field Dependent in level 1-2 means that Field Dependent students have mathematical communication ability in category low-medium. (2) Student’s mathematical communication in writing ability of Field Independent cognitive style were: (a) Students could explain the problem by mentioning what were given and what were asked in the problem, (b) students could turn the contextual problem into mathematical model, (c) Students could use mathematical representation, (d) Students could use the concept and strategy in problem solving clearly, (e) Students could do the steps of problem solving completely, (f) Students could get the final solution, (g) students could connect the solution back into contextual problem. Students who has Field Independent in level 3-4 means that Field Independent students have mathematical communication ability in category highvery high. Keywords : Mathematical Communication, Problem Solving, Cognitive Styl

Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol 70% Buah Naga Daging Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar Yang Diinduksi Aloksan

Latar Belakang : Buah Naga Daging Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid yamg diduga dapat menurunkan kadarglukosa darah. Golongan ini terutama yang berada dalam bentuk glikosidanya mempunyai gugus-gugus gula. Dalam penelitian ini, diduga glikosida flavonoid yang terkandung dalam buah naga tersebut bertindak sebagai penangkap radikal hidroksil seperti halnya amygladin, sehingga dapat mencegah aksi diabetagonikdari aloksan. Tujuan : Mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol 70% buah Naga Daging Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dan efek ekstrak etanol 70% buah Naga Daging Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar dibandingkan dengan glibenklamid. Metode Penelitian : Metode uji diabetes aloksan dengan rancangan penelitian pre and post test control group design. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah 25 ekor tikus galur Wistar jantan berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 150-200 gr yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok Kontrol Negatif diberikan CMC, kelompok Kontrol Positif diberikan glibenklamid dengan dosis 0,63mg/kgBB, kelompok ekstrak Dosis 1, 2, 3 diberikan ekstrak Buah Naga dengan dosis berturut-turut 500mg/kgBB, 1000mg/kgBB, dan 1500mg/kgBB. Dilaksanakan selama 10 hari, dimana pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dilakukan pada hari ke-1, ke-3, dan hari ke-10 penelitian ini. Hasil Penelitian : Berdasar hasil uji statistic Anova kelompok akhir diperoleh nilai probabilitas signifikan (p)= 0,000 dengan demikian p<0,05 maka pada 5 kelompok tersebut minimal terdapat 1 kelompok yang berbeda secara bermakna. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD untuk mengetahui perbandingan tiap kelompok dan diperoleh hasil I:II= 0,000, I:III= 0,001, I:IV= 0,001, I:V= 0,000. Dengan demikian p<0,05. Kesimpulan : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% buah Naga Daging Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus), dosis 500mg/kgBB, 1000mg/kgBB, 1500mg/kgBB mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan PKGD (Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah) berturut-turut sebesar 25,6%, 24,18%, 29,28%

PENGARUH ANTARA MOTIVASI, PLACE ATTACHMENT DAN SIKAP TERHADAP NIAT MENGUNJUNGI KEMBALI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR

SITTA PUTRI QURROTUN NADIA, THE EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION, PLACE ATTACHMENT AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS INTENTION TO REVISIT BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN. Thesis, Jakarta: Study Program of Commerce Education, Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta, 2017. This research is conducted on visitors both within and around the environment Bogor Botanical Gardens (KRB), for six months from Januari 2017 to June 2017. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a positive and significant influence on the motivation (X1) towards intention to revisit Bogor Botanical Garden (Y), positive influence and significant place attachment (X2) towards intention of revisit Bogor Botanical Garden (Y), and positive and significant influence attitude (X3) towards intention to revisit Bogor Botanical Gardens (Y), on visitors both within and around the environment Bogor Botanical Garden (KRB). The research method used is survey method with quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling technique as many as 240 visitors. The resulting regression equation is Ŷ = 62,265 + 0.639X1 for the motivation variable, Ŷ = 48,159 + 0.853X2 for place attachment variable, Ŷ = 55,260 + 0.722X3 for attitude variable. Testing analysis by Kolmogorov Smirnov test with the test results can be known Asymp value. Sig intention of revisit Bogor Botanical Garden is 0,107, Asymp value. Sig motivation (X1) of 0,225, Asymp value. Sig place attachment (X2) of 0,265 and Asymp value. Sig. attitude (X3) of 0,403. Because the data has a significance greater than 0.05 then the data is inferred normal distribution. Classic cropping test using multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test showed no multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity problem, so it can be said that good and ideal regression equation can be fulfilled. Then t test and tcount 11,222> ttable 1,96 for motivation (X1), 13,953> ttable 1,96 for place attachment (X2), and 10,271> ttable 1,96 for attitude (X3). Thus, it can be concluded the result of t test calculation there is a positive and significant influence on the motivation (X1) towards intention to revisit Bogor Botanical Garden (Y), positive influence and significant place attachment (X2) towards intention of revisit Bogor Botanical Garden (Y), and positive and significant influence Attitude (X3) towards intention to revisit Bogor Botanical Gardens (Y), The coefficient of determination increased by 34,6% for motivation (X1), 45% for place attachment (X2), and 30,7% for attitude (X3)

SINTESIS PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DARI TAPIOKA DENGAN VARIASI PERLAKUAN N-ISOPROPILAKRILAMID DAN KHITOSAN MENGGUNAKAN GLISEROL SEBAGAI PLASTICIZER

Salah satu polimer alam yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku dalam proses sintesis plastik biodegradable adalah tapioka dan khitosan. Penambahan senyawa lain seperti gliserol sebagai plasticizer dilakukan untuk memperbaiki karakteristik plastik yang dihasilkan. N-Isopropilakrilamid (NIPAm) merupakan senyawa organik yang dapat disintesis menjadi polimer atau grafting polimer yang juga bersifat biodegradable. Oleh karena itu telah dilakukan penelitian yangbertujuan untuk mempelajari sintesis plastik biodegradable dari tapioka dengan penambahan khitosan, NIPAm, poly(NIPAm) dan grafting khitosan-poly(NIPAm) serta menganalisis karakteristik plastik biodegradable yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga tahap, yaitu (1) polimerisasi NIPAm, (2) grafting khitosan-polyNIPAm dan (3) sintesis plastik biodegradable dari campuran pati dengan melakukan variasi penambahan khitosan, NIPAm, poly(NIPAm), khitosan-graft-poly(NIPAm) dan variasi gliserol sebagai plasticizer. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa lembaran tipis plastik yang dianalisis karakteristik gugus fungsi, kristalinitas, mekanik, swelling capacity, termal, morfologi dan biodegradabilitasnya. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan terjadinya proses grafting dengan terbentuknya gugus baru C-O tunggal pada gelombang 850 cm-1. Plastik biodegradable mengandung banyak sisi kristalin ditunjukkan oleh difraksi sinar x pada XRD. Plastik dengan penambahan NIPAm dan 1% gliserol memilki nilai kuat tarik tertinggi yaitu 31,1 Mpa. Plastik dengan poly(NIPAm) dan 4% gliserol menghasilkan elongasi tertinggi sebesar 153,72%. Plastik dengan khitosan-graft-poly(NIPAm) memiliki nilai swelling capacity tertinggi yaitu sebesar 240%, memiliki daya tahan terhadap degradasi termal tertinggi yaitu 390 oCdan dengan 1% gliserol memiliki biodegradasi yang paling lama karena mengalami kehilangan massa yang paling kecil selama 6 minggu yaitu sebesar 6,6 %