The Effect of Rice Husk Addition as Additive Materials on the Characterization of Ceramic Membrane and Their Application on Water River Treatment Process

This study aims to study how the effect of adding rice husk additives to the characteristics of ceramic membranes with various variations of membrane-forming component composition in terms of surface morphology and pore size of the membrane produced. This research is expected to be used by the community as an alternative treatment of river water into clean water. In this study, the variables studied were the composition of the membrane constituent namely clay, iron powder and rice husk  as an additives. The ceramic membrane was designed in the form of a tube, made from a mixture of clay, iron powder and rice husk with a diameter of 5 cm, an outer diameter of 6 cm, a thickness of 1 cm and a length of 25 cm. Housing membrane was made of glass fiber with an outer diameter of 9 cm, an inner diameter of 8.5 cm and a length of 30 cm. Making ceramic membranes were from clay, iron powder and rice husk with a ratio of 87.5%, 2.5%, 10%, 77.5%, 2.5%, 20% and 77.5%, 2.5%, 15%.  The river water was treated by flowing to the complete separation process. It was taken every 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes. Every sampling, the permeate volume was determined. Permeat events were analyzed for chemical parameters in the form of iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn). Based on the SEM-EDS analysis on the ceramic membrane produced shows that the membrane was classified in the microfiltration membrane group with a random and asymmetrical pore size and structure. According to the BET analysis on ceramic membranes shows that the best ceramic membrane produced in this study is C ceramic membrane with a clay composition of 87.5%; 10% of rice husk; and 2.5% of iron powder with a pore size of 2.8 μm and a large surface area of ​​45.38 m2/g. The difference in pressure of 2 bars gives the best results in reducing levels of contaminant compounds contained in river water with a percentage of Fe reduction of 92.18%, Mn of 89.23%,  and Zn of 99.80%

Penerapan Teknologi Membran Nanofiltrasi-Reverse Osmosis Untuk Produksi Air Bersih dan Air Minum di Pesantren Kiai Marogan Palembang

Buruknya kualitas air Sungai Betutu yang mengelilingi Pondok Pesantren Kiai Marogan Palembang serta minimnya pengetahuan tentang cara mendapatkan air bersih dan air minum menyebabkan pihak pesantren kesulitan mendapatkan air bersih dan air minum untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu teknologi terintegrasi nanofiltrasi-reverse osmosis guna memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih dan air minum para santri dan staff pengajar di Pondok Pesantren Kiai Marogan yang sesuai standar baku mutu lingkungannya. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian diawali dengan tahap persiapan, meliputi focus group discussion, survey lapangan, dan pengambilan sampel Sungai Betutu untuk mengetahui kualitas airnya. Setelah itu dilakukan tahap pengujian alat, tahap sosialisasi dan pelatihan, dimana pada tahap ini dilakukan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya air bersih dan bagaimana cara mendapatkannya serta pelatihan cara pengoperasian dan merawat alat yang diberikan. Tahap akhir adalah monitoring dan evaluasi yang dilakukan secara berkala terhadap kinerja alat serta mencari solusi untuk memecahkan masalah yang timbul selama proses teknologi ini digunakan. Dengan bertambahnya pengetahuan tentang pentingnya air bersih dan bagaimana cara mendapatkannya, teknologi ini dapat digunakan secara berkelanjutan dan pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup para santri dan staff pengajar di Pondok Pesantren Kiai Marogan. Produk air bersih dan air minum yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa teknologi terintegrasi nanofiltrasi-reverse osmosis ini mampu meningkatkan pH dan mampu menurunkan kandungan TDS, Kekeruhan, Fe, Mn, NO2 dan koliform hingga memenuhi standar yang diatur pada Permenkes RI No. 32 Tahun 2017 untuk air bersih dan Permenkes RI No. 492 Tahun 2010 untuk air minum

PEAT WATER TREATMENT INTO CLEAN WATER USING COMPOSITE CERAMIC MEMBRANE NANOFILTRATION TECHNOLOGY

The provision of clean water is an urgent need that must be realized in order to solve the problems that continue to be faced by people living on peatlands. The purpose of this research is to process peat water into clean water using nanofiltration method by ceramic membrane based on clay, activated carbon nanoparticles of Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunch (OPEFB) as an additive and iron powder as a reinforcement. Peat water is first neutralized by addition of quicklime then processed through various microfiltration methods with sponges with pore sizes, namely 0.5 µm, 0.3 µm 0.1 µm and activated carbon and finally processed through ceramic membranes made from OPEB activated carbon nanoparticle additives. The pressure is set at 1 bar, 1.5 bar and 2 bar. The raw material for peat water from the Telang River is acidic with a pH value of 4.1 and contains TSS 147.5 mg/L, Fe 0.33 mg/L, Mn 0.56 mg/L, Zn 0.02 mg/L, NH3- N 0.58 mg/L, NO2-0.19 mg/L, PO4-3 0.264 mg/L, and BOD5 12.1 mg/L. It was found that, the greater the transmembrane pressure difference and the longer the operating time used, the better the permeate yield. The difference in pressure of 2 bar gives the best results in reducing the levels of contaminants contained in peat water with an average percent rejection reduction of TSS 91.89%, Fe 70%, Mn 93.2%, Zn 95%, NH3-N 68, 6%, NO2- 70%, PO4-3 38.14%, and BOD5 91.99%

The Utilization of Ceramic Membrane for Treating of Water from Sekanak River Palembang to Produce Clean Water

The aims of this research is to produce clean water from Sekanak River by using the ceramic membrane. Also, this study is to analyze the performance of ceramic membranes in terms of its ability to reduce the pollutants contained in water from Sekanak River. The ceramic membrane was tube-shaped, made from clay (87.5 %w), iron powder (2.5 %w) and activated carbon of oil palm empty bunch (10 %w). The operation condition of membrane separation was of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes and the applied  pressure  was of 1.0 bar, 1.5 bar and 2.0 bar. The reduction pollutants (Fe, Mn, Zn, NH3-N, NO2-, PO4-3,H2S, BOD5, and TSS) concentration increased with increasing the pressure and the operating time of membrane separation. After treating by the ceramic membrane, the  average rejection of Fe, Mn, Zn, NH3-N, NO2-, PO4-3, H2S, BOD5, and TSS  are 81.22%, 95.00%,  99.00%, 85.19%, 78.85%, 73.95%, 97.78%, 87.55%, and 75.46% respectively. The pollutant concentrations in the effluent were met the Environmental Quality Standards (BML)

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BOTTOM ASH, SABUT KELAPA, DAN BATUBARA SUB-BITUMINUS SERTA PENGARUH WAKTU PENGERINGAN DALAM KUALITAS BRIKET

Limbah bottom ash yang masih memiliki nilai kalor yang cukup tinggi masih dapat dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai bahan bakar dengan mencampurkan limbah sabut kelapa dan batubara sub bituminus yang memiliki nilai kalor lebih tinggi. Pencampuran tersebut dipadatkan sebagai briket. Pada penelitian ini, briket dibuat dengan perbandingan sabut kelapa, abu dasar, dan batubara sub bituminus = 0,5:1:1 disertai perekat kanji. Waktu pengeringan briket adalah lima jam dalam oven memmert dengan suhu 105°C. Analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, dan analisis kalori. Hasilnya adalah briket dengan kadar air 5,90%, kadar abu 7,94%, kadar zat terbang 44,17%, dan nilai kalor 5647 kal/g dengan acuan nilai SNI01-6235-200

Ceramic Filters and their Application for Cadmium Removal from Pulp Industry Effluent

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the performance of ceramic filters made from a mixture of natural clay, rice bran, and iron powder in removing cadmium from pulp industry effluent. Some parameters were examined such as acidity, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), and cadmium concentration. Results showed that the composition percentage of the ceramic filter, which in this case amounted to 87.5% natural clay, 10% rice bran, and 2.5% iron powder, may decrease cadmium concentration in pulp industry effluent by up to 99.0%. Furthermore,  the permeate flux decreased after 30 minutes of filtration time, and subsequently became constant at one hour of contact time. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs of the ceramic filter surfaces indicate that ceramic filters have a random pore structure and can be categorized as microfiltration filters

PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI ULTRAFILTRASI UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR GAMBUT DI PANCA DESA AIR KUMBANG

In product-based community service activities carried out by the community service team of Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Tamansiswa Palembang University, clean water production equipment was produced using an integrated system of coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation and ultrafiltration in accordance with clean water quality standards in Panca Desa. Air Kumbang District, Banyuasin Regency. This activity includes peat water filtration which produces clean water that complies with clean water standards. The quality of clean water produced from peat water in Panca Desa has met the quality standards of clean water regulated in the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 Year 2017. Socialization has been carried out to provide knowledge about clean water and how to properly care for the tools that have been given, and will be carried out monitoring and evaluation on a regular basis so that this water purification tool can be used sustainably to meet the clean water needs of the Panca Desa community so that in the end it can improve the quality of life of the Panca Desa community.   Keywords:  clean water, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, utrafiltrationPada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berbasis produk yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Tamansiswa Palembang dihasilkan alat produksi air bersih menggunakan sistem terpadu koagulasi-flokulasi, sedimentasi dan ultrafiltrasi yang sesuai dengan baku mutu air bersih di Panca Desa Kecamatan Air Kumbang Kabupaten Banyuasin. Kegiatan ini meliputi penyaringan air gambut yang menghasilkan air bersih yang sesuai dengan standar baku mutunya. Kualitas air bersih yang dihasilkan dari air gambut di Panca Desa telah memenuhi baku mutu air bersih yang diatur pada Permenkes RI Nomor 32 Tahun 2017. Sosialisasi telah dilakukan untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai air bersih dan bagaimana cara merawat alat yang telah diberikan dengan benar, serta akan dilakukan monitoring dan evaluasi secra berkala agar alat penjernihan air ini dapat digunakan secara berkelanjutan guna memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih masyarakat Panca Desa sehingga pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat Panca Desa. &nbsp

Penurunan Cadmium Dari Limbah Cair Industri Pulp Menggunakan Membran Keramik Berbahan Additive Dedak Padi

The purpose of this research is to find an alternative pulp industrial waswater treatment system with filtration using ceramic membrane made from a mixture of natural clay, iron powder and rice bran as additive material in various composition. The experimental rig is equipped with silica and carbon active filter, ceramic membranes module, flowmeter, pressure gauge, and the circulation pump. The tested liquid waste is derived from one of the pulp industry in Sumatera Selatan. Process variables studied were operating time, filter composition and rice branparticle size. Parameters analyzed were TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), TSS (Total Suspensi Solid), pH, EC(Electrical Conductivity) and the concentration of Cadmium. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis offilter surface and Brunnauer-Emmet Teller (BET) analysis for pores size determination were also performed. The results obtained showed that the application of ceramic membrane in composition of 87,5% of natural clay, 10% of material additive rice bran and 2,5% of iron powder can decrease cadmium concentration in pulp mill effluent up to 99,9%. Permeate flux was significantly decrease after 30 minutes. The SEM images and BET analysis of pore distribution showed that ceramic membrane has a random pore structure and can be classified as the microfiltration membrane

PENURUNAN CADMIUM DARI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PULP MENGGUNAKAN MEMBRAN KERAMIK BERBAHAN ADDITIVE DEDAK PADI

The purpose of this research is to find an alternative pulp industrial waswater treatment system with filtration using ceramic membrane made from a mixture of natural clay, iron powder and rice bran as additive material in various composition. The experimental rig is equipped with silica and carbon active filter, ceramic membranes module, flowmeter, pressure gauge, and the circulation pump. The tested liquid waste is derived from one of the pulp industry in Sumatera Selatan. Process variables studied were operating time, filter composition and rice branparticle size. Parameters analyzed were TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), TSS (Total Suspensi Solid), pH, EC(Electrical Conductivity) and the concentration of Cadmium. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis offilter surface and Brunnauer-Emmet Teller (BET) analysis for pores size determination were also performed. The results obtained showed that the application of ceramic membrane in composition of 87,5% of natural clay, 10% of material additive rice bran and 2,5% of iron powder can decrease cadmium concentration in pulp mill effluent up to 99,9%. Permeate flux was significantly decrease after 30 minutes. The SEM images and BET analysis of pore distribution showed that ceramic membrane has a random pore structure and can be classified as the microfiltration membrane

PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN TAWAS DAN PAC TERHADAP KEKERUHAN DAN pH AIR BAKU PDAM TIRTA MUSI PALEMBANG

Penelitian tentang pengolahan air baku dengan menggunakan koagulan Aluminium Sulfat dan Poly Aluminium Chlorida (PAC) dilakukan di IPA Rambutan dengan mengambil sampel air baku dari intake Karang Anyar dan intake 1 Ilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis dan dosis koagulan yang tepat dalam proses pengolahan air baku. Jenis koagulan yang digunakan dipengaruhi oleh sifat fisik dan kimia pada air baku tersebut. Parameter uji yang diamati adalah nilai kekeruhan dan pH. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan jar test untuk menentukan dosis koagulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan PAC padat lebih efektif untuk kedua intake, dimana dosis optimum koagulan PAC 20 ppm digunakan untuk air baku di intake Karang Anyar dan intake 1 Ilir menghasilkan kekeruhan masing-masing 2,62 NTU dan 4,15 NTU dan pH masing-masing 7,8 dan 7,6. Kata Kunci : koagulan, Aluminium Sulfat, Poly Aluminium Chlorida, intake, kekeruha