Age and regional differences in clinical presentation and risk of hospitalization for dengue in Brazil, 2000-2014

OBJECTIVES: Dengue cases range from asymptomatic to severe, eventually leading to hospitalization and death. Timely and appropriate management is critical to reduce morbidity. Since 1980, dengue has spread throughout Brazil, affecting an increasing number of individuals. This paper describes age and regional differences in dengue’s clinical presentation and associated risk of hospitalization based on more than 5 million cases reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 2000-2014. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of ∼5,450,000 dengue cases, relating clinical manifestations and the risk of hospitalization to age, gender, previous infection by dengue, dengue virus serotype, years of formal education, delay to first attendance and the occurrence of dengue during outbreaks and in different Brazilian regions. RESULTS: Complicated forms of dengue occurred more frequently among those younger than 10 years (3.12% vs 1.92%) and those with dengue virus 2 infection (7.65% vs 2.42%), with a delay to first attendance >;2 days (3.18% vs 0.82%) and with ≤4 years of formal education (2.02% vs 1.46%). The risk of hospitalization was higher among those aged 6-10 years old (OR 4.57; 95% CI 1.43-29.96) and those who were infected by dengue virus 2 (OR 6.36; 95% CI 2.52-16.06), who lived in the Northeast region (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.11-2.10) and who delayed first attendance by >;5 days (composite OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.33-8.9). CONCLUSIONS: In Brazil, the occurrence of severe dengue and related hospitalization is associated with being younger than 10 years old, being infected by dengue virus 2 or 3, living in the Northeast region (the poorest and the second most populated) and delaying first attendance for more than 2 days

Shear Bond Strength Of Metallic Brackets Bonded With A New Orthodontic Composite

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets in different enamel surfaces using the Transbond Plus Color Change composite (TPCC-3M Unitek), and to analyze the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Methods: Seventy-two human premolars were divided into six groups (n = 12), as follows: Group 1(control) Transbond XT conventional; in Groups 2 to 6, TPCC was used under the following enamel treatment conditions: phosphoric acid and XT-primer; Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer (TPSEP); phosphoric acid only; phosphoric acid, XT-primer and saliva; and TPSEP and saliva, respectively. Twenty-four hours after bonding, the brackets were debonded with an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and ARI was evaluated by using a stereoscopic magnifying glass. Results: The mean shear strength values (MPa) for Groups 1 to 6 were 24.6, 18.7, 17.5, 19.7, 17.5 and 14.8, respectively. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Group 1 had significantly higher shear bond strength values than Groups 3, 5, and 6 (p 0.05). No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Conclusions: Bracket bonding using TPCC showed adequate adhesion for clinical use, and the type of enamel preparation had no influence.827680Bishara, S.E., VonWald, B.A., Laffoon, J.F., Warren, J.J., The effect of repeated bonding on the shear bond strength of a composite resin orthodontic adhesive (2000) Angle Orthod, 70, pp. 435-441Cal-Neto, J.P., Miguel, J.A.M., An in vivo evaluation of bond failure rates with hydrophilic and self-etching primer systems (2005) J Clin Orthod, 39, pp. 701-702Pandis, N., Polychronopoulou, A., Eliades, T., Failure rate of self-ligating and edgewise brackets bonded with convenvional acid etching and a self-etching primer (2006) Angle Orthod, 76, pp. 119-122Romano, F.L., Correr-Sobrinho, L., Magnani, M.B.B.A., Nouer, D.F., Sinhoretti, M.A.C., Correr, A.B., Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded under various enamel conditions (2006) Braz Oral Res, 20 (SPEC ISS), pp. 28-33Grandhi, K., Combe, E.C., Speidel, T.M., Shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets with a moisture-insensitive primer (2001) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 119, pp. 251-255Sfondrini, M.F., Cacciafesta, V., Scribante, A., De Angelis, M., Klersy, C., Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional and self-etching primers (2004) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 125, pp. 357-360Cacciafesta, V., Sfondrini, M.F., De Angelis, M., Scribante, A., Klersy, C., Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etching primers (2003) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 123, pp. 633-640Romano, F.L., Tavares, S.W., Consani, S., Magnani, M.B.B.A., Nouer, D.F., Shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel prepared with self-etching primer (2005) Angle Orthod, 75, pp. 849-853Miller, R.A., Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a self-etching primer (2001) J Clin Orthod, 35, pp. 42-45Dorminey, J.C., Dunn, W.J., Taloumis, L.J., Shear bond strength of orthodontics brackets bonded with a modified 1-step etchant and primer technique (2003) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 124, pp. 410-413Grubisa, H.I.S., Heo, G., Raboud, D., Glover, K.E., Major, P.W., An evaluation and comparison of orthodontic bracket bond strengths achieved with self-etching primer (2004) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 126, pp. 213-219Vicente, A., Bravo, L.A., Romero, M., Ortiz, A.J., Canteras, M., Shear Bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primers (2005) Am J Dent, 18, pp. 256-260Noble, R.R., Salas-Lopez, A., English, J.D., Powers, J.M., Clinical evaluation of orthodontic self-etching primers (2006) Texas Dent J., 123, pp. 274-278Turk, T., Elekdag-Turk, S., Isci, D., Effects of self-etching primer on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets at different debond times (2007) Angle Orthod, 77, pp. 108-112Vicente, A., Bravo, L.A., Shear bond strength of precoated and uncoated brackets using a self-etching primer (2007) Angle Orthod, 77, pp. 524-527Uysal, T., Sisman, A., Can previously bleached teeth be bonded safely using self-etching primer systems? (2008) Angle Orthod, 78, pp. 711-715Artun, J., Bergland, S., Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment (1984) Am J Orthod, 85, pp. 333-340Bishara, S.E., Olsen, M., Von Wald, L., Comparisons of shear bond strength of precoated and uncoated brackets (1997) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 112, pp. 617-621Buyukyilmaz, T., Usumez, S., Karaman, A.I., Effect of Self-Etching Primers on Bond Strength-Are they Reliable? (2003) Angle Orthod, 73, pp. 64-70Moin, K., Dogon, I.L., Indirect bonding of orthodontic attachments (1977) Am J Orthod, 72, pp. 261-275Jassem, H.A., Retief, D.H., Jamison, H.C., Tensile and shear strengths of bonded and rebounded orthodontic attachments (1981) Am J Orthod, 79, pp. 661-668Prevost, A.P., Fuller, J.L., Peterson, L.C., Use of an intermediate resin in the acid etched procedure: retentive strength, microleakage and failure mod analysis (1982) J Dent Res, 61, pp. 412-418Menezes, L.F.S., Chevitarese, O., Sealant and resin viscosity and their influence on the formation of resin tags (1994) Angle Orthod, 64, pp. 383-388Kula, K.S., Nash, T.D., Purk, J.H., Shear-peel bond strength of orthodontic primer in wet conditions (2003) Orthod Craniofacial Res, 6, pp. 96-100Reynolds, I.R., A review of direct orthodontic bonding (1975) Br J Orthod, 2, pp. 171-17

1 - hidróxi - 4 - oxo - 2,5 - ciclohexadieno - 1 - acetato de etila em Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don - Bignoniaceae

1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,5-ciclohadien-1-ethyl acetate has been isolated from leaves and fruits of Jacaranda mimosaefolia D. Don, Bignoniaceae growing in Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.Cromatografia em camada delgada de um extrato de Jacarada mimosaefolia D. Don mostrou a presença de 1-hidróxi-4-oxo-2,5-ciclohexadieno-1-acetato de etila nas folhas e frutos do vegetal.

Phase Diagram of the Heisenberg Spin Ladder with Ring Exchange

We investigate the phase diagram of a generalized spin-1/2 quantum antiferromagnet on a ladder with rung, leg, diagonal, and ring-exchange interactions. We consider the exactly soluble models associated with the problem, obtain the exact ground states which exist for certain parameter regimes, and apply a variety of perturbative techniques in the regime of strong ring-exchange coupling. By combining these approaches with considerations related to the discrete Z_4 symmetry of the model, we present the complete phase diagram.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figure

Coeficiente de erodibilidade em sulcos e entressulcosde Argissolos coesos estimado pela cor do solo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o coeficiente de erodibilidade em sulcos e entressulcos, por meio de parâmetros da cor do solo. Foram selecionadas três áreas cultivadas com soja, em Argissolos Amarelos coesos do Leste Maranhense. Em cada área, foram retiradas 121 amostras na profundidade de 0,00-0,20 m. Foram determinados os valores de espectroscopia de reflectância difusa na faixa do visível, para obtenção dos valores de matiz, valor e croma. A partir destes constituintes da cor, foi calculado o índice de avermelhamento para cada amostra. Foram desenvolvidos modelos para avaliar o efeito de cada componente da cor sobre a erodibilidade em sulcos e entressulcos. Esses componentes apresentaram R2 que variou de 0,37 a 0,70. Os modelos gerados obtiveram R2 de 0,70 e 0,73, para entressulcos e sulcos, respectivamente. A cor do solo determinada por espectroscopia de reflectância difusa pode ser utilizada como método alternativo para estimar o coeficiente de erodibilidade de Argissolos Amarelos coesos