A relação entre hipotireoidismo subclínico e transtornos depressivos: The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and depressive disorders

O hipotireoidismo é definido pela alteração nas concentrações séricas tanto do hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH), que estará aumentado, como pelo hormônio tiroxina, que estará diminuído em relação a faixa de referência normal. Os sintomas desse distúrbio são inespecíficos e dentre eles, incluem o transtorno depressivo. Devido a sua relevância, propomos como objetivo, identificar e sumarizar evidências científicas que evidenciam a importante associação entre os pacientes com hipotireoidismo que apresentam, também, transtornos depressivos. A metodologia foi estruturada a partir de uma análise bibliográfica feita de artigos recentes retirados da plataforma PubMed. No resultado, um dos estudos analisados revela que em indivíduos com idade superior a 50 anos a prevalência de depressão é maior nos pacientes com hipotireoidismo subclínico prévio, principalmente nas mulheres. Em geral, essa correlação deve-se, provavelmente, a instabilidade provocada pelos elevados níveis de TSH sobre o sistema 5-HT. Já em outro trabalho, evidenciou-se níveis aumentados de serotonina no córtex cerebral de ratos após a administração de T3 e também diminuição da síntese de serotonina no cérebro com hipotireoidismo. Tendo em vista que, a serotonina realiza um ciclo de feedback positivo no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-tireoide (HHT) quando os níveis de serotonina no cérebro estão baixos. Nos seres humanos, os níveis de serotonina apresentam-se diminuídos em pacientes com hipotireoidismo. Ademais, a análise de um estudo feito a partir de 12.315 indivíduos mostrou que o hipotireoidismo subclínico tem um impacto negativo na depressão, sendo o rastreamento rotineiro essencial. Por fim, um último estudo mostra que, apesar de uma possível relação, o tratamento de indivíduos com hipotireoidismo subclínico não demostra claramente melhora nos marcadores de saúde mental. Portanto, concluímos que, sabendo-se que a glândula tireoide está associada com as funções neuropsicológicas do indivíduo, incluindo estado mental e outras funções cognitivas, é possível que haja uma relação importante entre hipotireoidismo subclínico e a depressão. No entanto, é notório que apesar dessa analise a relação entre ambos ainda permanece pouco definida

Losartan and isoproterenol promote alterations in the local renin-angiotensin system of rat salivary glands.

Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) systemically or locally collaborates with tissue homeostasis, growth and development, which has been extensively studied for its pharmacological implications. This study was primarily aimed at finding and characterizing local RAS in rat parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands. It was also hypothesized that vasoactive drugs could affect the expression of RAS targets, as well as saliva flow and its composition. Therefore, another objective of this study was to compare the effects of losartan (angiotensin II receptor blocker) and isoproterenol (β-adrenergic receptor agonist). Forty-one Wistar rats were divided into three groups and administered a daily intraperitoneal dose of saline, losartan or isoproterenol solutions for one week. The following RAS targets were studied using qPCR: renin (REN), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ACE-2, elastase-2 (ELA-2), AT1-a and MAS receptors, using RPL-13 as a reference gene. Morphology of glands was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using REN, ACE, ACE-2, AT1, AT2 and MAS antibodies. The volume and total protein content of saliva were measured. Our results revealed that ACE, ACE-2, AT1-a, AT2 and MAS receptors were expressed in all salivary gland samples, but REN and ELA-2 were absent. Losartan decreased mRNA expression of RAS targets in parotid (MAS) and submandibular glands (ACE and both AT receptors), without affecting morphological alterations, and significantly decreased saliva and total protein secretions. Isoproterenol treatment affected gene expression profiles in parotid (ACE, ACE-2, AT1-a, MAS, AGT), and submandibular (ACE, AT2, AGT) glands, thus promoting acinar hypertrophy in serous acini, without significant changes in salivary flow or total protein content. These drugs affected mainly acini, followed by duct systems and myoepithelial cells, whereas blood vessels were not affected. In conclusion, there is a local RAS in major rat salivary glands and losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, affected not only the RAS-target gene expression but also decreased salivary flow and total protein content

Validação do teste imunocromatográfico rápido IT-LEISH® para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral humana / Validation of the rapid immunochromatographic test IT-LEISH® for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2013-01-23T17:25:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis, Tália Santana Machado de et al. Validation of the rapid....pdf: 169696 bytes, checksum: aa99f6be8748f46dfe715feb9d375ce8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-23T17:25:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis, Tália Santana Machado de et al. Validation of the rapid....pdf: 169696 bytes, checksum: aa99f6be8748f46dfe715feb9d375ce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Hospital da Criança. Obras Sociais de Irmã Dulce. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. São Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade de Brasília. Faculdade de Medicina. Brasília, DF, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilO teste imunocromatográfico rápido IT-LEISH® (DiaMed IT-LEISH®) foi validado para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral (LV) em quatro áreas endêmicas do Brasil. O desempenho do IT-LEISH® foi comparado ao da reação de imunofluorescência indireta; e ao da reação imunoenzimática, usando-se antígeno solúvel de Leishmania chagasi e recombinante K39 (rK39). O estudo incluiu 332 pacientes com quadro clínico sugestivo de LV: 213 casos de LV confirmados parasitologicamente; e 119 não-casos, com confirmação de outra etiologia. O teste IT-LEISH® apresentou sensibilidade de 93% e especificidade de 97%. As técnicas RIFI (imunofluorescência indireta), ELISA L. chagasi e ELISA rK39 apresentaram sensibilidade de 88%, 92% e 97% e especificidades de 81%, 77% e 84%, respectivamente. Os resultados confirmam a validade do teste IT-LEISH® para o diagnóstico da LV no Brasil.The rapid immunochromatographic test IT-LEISH® (DiaMed IT-LEISH) was validated for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in four endemic areas of Brazil. The performance of the IT-LEISH® was compared with that of the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using soluble antigen of Leishmania chagasi and the recombinant K39 (rK39). The study group was composed by 332 patients with clinical suspicion of VL: 213 cases confirmed by parasitological tests; and 119 with confirmation of another etiology. The sensitivity of the test IT-LEISH® was of 93% and the specificity of 97%. Immunofluorescent antibody test, ELISA L. chagasi and ELISA rK39 showed sensitivity of 88%, 92%, and 97%, and specificity of 81%, 77%, and 84%, respectively. The results confirm the validity of the test IT-LEISH® for the diagnosis of the VL in Brazil

Multi-centric prospective evaluation of rk39 rapid test and direct agglutination test for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-23T16:34:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis T S M Multi-centric prospective....pdf: 138158 bytes, checksum: b2acfec87df42a7da4cebe03cc315af3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-23T16:34:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis T S M Multi-centric prospective....pdf: 138158 bytes, checksum: b2acfec87df42a7da4cebe03cc315af3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-12-23T16:53:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis T S M Multi-centric prospective....pdf: 138158 bytes, checksum: b2acfec87df42a7da4cebe03cc315af3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-23T16:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis T S M Multi-centric prospective....pdf: 138158 bytes, checksum: b2acfec87df42a7da4cebe03cc315af3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Hospital da Criança. Obras Sociais de Irmã Dulce. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Piauí. Teresina, PI, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. São Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade de Brasília. Brasília, DF, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilThe diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is still a major problem in Brazil and several other countries where the disease is endemic. The use of an easy-to-use and interpret, sensitive, and specific method that requires no complex infrastructure or specialized professionals, such as direct agglutination test (DAT) and the rK39-based rapid immunochromatographic test may enhance the diagnosis of disease. This study evaluated the performance of a rapid test (DiaMed- IT-LEISH®) and the DAT for the diagnosis of VL in 213 parasitologically confirmed cases and 119 controls with clinical suspicion of VL and confirmation of another etiology. The sensitivities and specificities of the rapid test were 93% and 97%, respectively and those of the DAT were 90% and 96%, respectively. The positive predictive values of the rapid test and the DAT were 98% and 97%, respectively and the negative predictive values were 89% and 84%, respectively. The Kappa index showed agreement between both methods classified as substantial (0.77). This study showed that the DAT and the rapid test can be used to diagnose VL in Brazil, following a pilot study for implementation of the rapid test in the health service

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data