Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Revisão de Aceratodes Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)

Edessinae is one of the largest and more diverse subfamily of Pentatomidae. This is due to the large number of described (about 260) and undescribed species (about 300). Edessinae comprises today six genera: Edessa, Brachystethus, Peromatus, Olbia, Pantochlora and Doesburgedessa. Along the time, species not fitting in one of the genera remaining were automatically placed in Edessa, leading to confusion between the limits of the genus and subfamily. The large number of species resulted in concentration of the taxonomical and nomenclatural problems of the Edessinae in Edessa. Therefore, new taxonomical studies are needed to solve these problems involving Edessinae and Edessa: revising the genera of Edessinae, reviewing the status of the subgenera of Edessa, redescribing species and proposing nomenclatural changes. The main objective of this study was to review the status of Aceratodes as well as to propose some nomenclatural changes detected. Were analyzed 283 specimens belonging to 22 institutions from Brazil and other countries. For each species were provided descriptions, measures, photographs, drawings of the taxonomically significant structures (metasternal process and genitalia of both sexes), identification key and distributional maps. Aceratodes was raised to genus level based on morphological characteristics common to all species,such as: humeral angle not developed and rounded; female genital plates of female not produced posteriorly; hemelitron with embolium showing texture, color and punctures pattern different from the remaining corium; arms of the metasternal process laterally flat and not reaching anterior third of mesosternum. Aceratodes now is composed by 19 species. A new species from Atlantic Forest; two originally described in this genus: A. albomarginatus and A. marginalis; and 16 transferred from Edessa: E. abdominalis, E. aulacosterna, E. brasiliensis, E. carnosa, E. castaneolineta, E. cerradensis, E. chapadensis, E. fulvicornis, E. luteovenulata, E. meditabunda, E. mexicana, E. ovalis, E. piperitia, E. rufodorsata and E. rufomarginata and E. sternalis. The female of A. meditabundus is here described for the first time. The lectotype of Edessa mexicana is here designated. The species Edessa corallipes, E. cogitabunda and E. virididorsata were considered junior synonyms of A. carnosus, A. meditabundus and A. fulvicornis respectively.Edessinae é uma das maiores e mais diversas subfamílias de Pentatomidae, sendo encontrada apenas na região Neotropical e sul dos Estados Unidos. Este fato se deve ao grande número de espécies descritas (cerca de 260) e ainda não descritas (cerca de 300). Compreende atualmente seis gêneros: Edessa, Brachystethus, Peromatus, Olbia, Pantochlora e Doesburgedessa. Ao longo do tempo, as espécies que não se encaixavam em nenhum dos outros gêneros foram sendo alocadas em Edessa, levando a uma confusão entre os limites do gênero e da subfamília. O grande número de espécies levou a uma concentração dos problemas taxonômicos e nomenclaturais de Edessinae em Edessa. Portanto, são necessários estudos taxonômicos que visem solucionar estes problemas, revisando os gêneros conhecidos, reavaliando os subgêneros de Edessa, redescrevendo espécies existentes e realizando novos arranjos nomenclaturais. O presente trabalho objetivou reavaliar o status taxonômico de Aceratodes, bem como resolver problemas nomenclaturais. Foram estudados 283 exemplares obtidos por empréstimos de 22 instituições, nacionais e estrangeiras. Para cada espécie, são apresentadas descrições, medidas, fotografias, desenhos de estruturas com importância sistemática (processo metasternal e genitália de ambos os sexos), chave dicotômica e mapa de distribuição. Aceratodes é elevado a gênero com base em caracteres morfológicos comuns as espécies, tais como: ângulo umeral não desenvolvido e arrendondado; placas genitais da fêmea não, ou pouco projetadas posteriormente; segmento abdominal VI não projetado posteriormente; hemiélitro com embólio apresentando textura, coloração e padrão de pontuação distintos do restante do cório; braços do processo metasternal achatados lateralmente e não atingindo o terço anterior do mesosterno. Aceratodes passou a ser formado por 19 espécies. Uma espécie nova da Mata Atlântica; duas originalmente descritas neste gênero: A. albomarginatus e A. marginalis; e 16 transferidas de Edessa: E. abdominalis, E. aulacosterna, E. brasiliensis, E. carnosa, E. castaneolineta, E. cerradensis, E. chapadensis, E. fulvicornis, E. luteovenulata, E. meditabunda, E. mexicana, E. ovalis, E. piperitia, E. rufodorsata e E. rufomarginata, E. sternalis. A fêmea de A. meditabundus é descrita pela primeira vez. O lectótipo de Edessa mexicana foi aqui designado. As espécies Edessa corallipes, Edessa cogitabunda e Edessa virididorsata foram sinonimizadas a A. carnosus, A. meditabundus e A. fulvicornis, respectivamente