Prevalência de hipermobilidade articular em crianças pré-escolares

Joint hypermobility is the ability to perform movements with a range of motion that is wider than normal. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence of joint hypermobility in junior kindergarten and senior kindergarten children from the Municipal Education System of Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. The study was cross-­sectional, with a sample of 366 children aged between 5 and 6 years. The detection of joint hypermobility was based on the criteria proposed in literature. It was found that 198 (54.1%) of the children evaluated had joint hypermobility, 96 (59.6%) were girls and 102 (49.8%) were boys. Joint hypermobility was found more frequently in the elbow and knee joints, where hyperextension occurred. There was no statistically significant difference between the male and female groups in relation to joint hypermobility (χ²=3.539, p=0.072). We can conclude that joint hypermobility found in the junior kindergarten and senior kindergarten children evaluated was common and compatible with the age of the population evaluated in this study.La hipermovilidad articular es la capacidad de realizar movimientos en amplitudes mayores que lo normal. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la prevalencia de hipermovilidad articular en niños pre-escolares de la Red Municipal de Educación de Londrina/PR. El estudio fue de tipo transversal con una muestra constituida de 366 niños, de 5 a 6 años de edad. Se verificó que los niños pre-escolares evaluados, 198 (54,1%) presentaron hipermovilidad articular, siendo 96 (59,6%) de sexo femenino y 102 (49,8%) de sexo masculino. La hipermovilidad articular fue encontrada con mayor frecuencia en las articulaciones del tobillo y rodilla, donde ocurre la hiperextensión. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos masculino y femenino en relación a la hipermovilidad articular (χ²=3,539, p=0,072). Se puede concluir que la hipermovilidad articular en los niños pre-escolares fue encontrada normal, compatible con la línea etaria de la población evaluada en el estudio.A hipermobilidade articular é a capacidade de realizar movimentos em amplitudes maiores que a normal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a prevalência de hipermobilidade articular em crianças pré-escolares da Rede Municipal de Educação de Londrina/PR. O estudo foi do tipo transversal com amostra constituída de 366 crianças, de 5 e 6 anos de idade. Verificou-se que, das crianças pré-escolares avaliadas, 198 (54,1%) apresentaram hipermobilidade articular, sendo 96 (59,6%) do sexo feminino e 102 (49,8%) do masculino. A hipermobilidade articular foi encontrada com maior frequência nas articulações de cotovelo e joelho, onde ocorreu a hiperextensão. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos masculino e feminino em relação à hipermobilidade articular (χ²=3,539, p=0,072). Pode-se concluir que a hipermobilidade articular nas crianças pré-escolares foi achado comum, compatível com a faixa etária da população avaliada no estudo

Sinais precoces de escoliose em crianças pré-escolares

La alta incidencia de desvíos de postura en la población infantil, que se estima en el 20%, además de motivo de preocupación, es un problema de salud pública. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar señales de escoliosis en niños en edad preescolar de la red municipal de enseñanza en Londrina, PR, Brasil. Han participado del estudio 377 niños, entre 5 a 6 años de edad, de ambos los géneros. Se ha dividido el examen postural en: (1) obtención de los datos antropométricos, equilibrio pélvico frontal y prueba de Adams; (2) realización de la fotogrametría para el caso de respuesta positiva a la prueba de Adams. La prevalencia de señales precoces de escoliosis ha sido del 26,3% en la población evaluada. Estas señales se han caracterizado como una actitud de escoliosis, pues lo mayor ángulo identificado ha sido de 7,33° y las medianas sufrieron variación entre 3,2° y 5,6°. La actitud de escoliosis puede relacionarse al crecimiento, puesto que se ha identificado la asociación entre la respuesta positiva a la prueba de Adams con una asimetría pélvica en el plano frontal, y que la mayoría de las curvaturas ha sido del tipo "C". A partir de los resultados, se observa una alta prevalencia de escoliosis, lo que indica la necesidad de programas de supervisión postural en niños en edad preescolar con el fin de monitorear el crecimiento y la resolución o empeoramiento de las señales precoces.The high incidence of postural deviations in child population, estimated at 20%, is not only a concern, but also a public health problem. This study aimed to identify signs of scoliosis in children in preschool age from Londrina, Brazil. The study included 377 children aged between 5 and 6 years, of both sexes. The postural exam was divided in: (1) obtaining anthropometric data, the frontal pelvic balance and Adams test; (2) in case of a positive response to Adams test, a computerized photogrammetry was performer subsequently. The prevalence of early signs of scoliosis was of 26.3% in the population evaluated. However, they were characterized as scoliotic attitude, since the highest angle identified was 7.33° and the median ranged from 3.2° to 5.6°. Also, the scoliotic attitude may be related to growth, since an association was identified between the positive response to the Adams test and pelvic asymmetry in the frontal plane, and the majority of the curvatures were of the "C" type. Based on the results, there was a high prevalence of scoliotic attitude, indicating the need for postural monitoring programs for children in pre-school, to control the growth and resolution or worsening of the early signs of scoliosis.A alta incidência de desvios posturais na população infantil, estimada em 20%, além de preocupante, é um problema de saúde pública. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar sinais de escoliose em crianças na idade pré-escolar da rede de ensino municipal de Londrina (PR). Participaram do estudo 377 crianças, entre 5 e 6 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. O exame postural foi dividido em: (1) obtenção dos dados antropométricos, equilíbrio pélvico frontal e teste de Adams; (2) em caso de resposta positiva ao teste de Adams, seguiu-se a realização da fotogrametria. A prevalência de sinais precoces de escoliose foi de 26,3%, na população avaliada. Tais sinais caracterizam-se como atitude escoliótica, uma vez que o maior ângulo identificado foi de 7,33° e as medianas variaram entre 3,2° e 5,6°. A atitude escoliótica pode estar relacionada ao crescimento, visto que foi identificada a associação entre a resposta positiva ao teste de Adams com a assimetria pélvica no plano frontal, e que a maioria das curvaturas foi do tipo em "C". A partir dos resultados encontrados, observa-se alta prevalência de atitude escoliótica, indicando a necessidade de programas de acompanhamento postural em crianças na fase pré-escolar para monitorar o crescimento e a resolução ou agravamento dos sinais precoces

Effect of exercise training and chronic caffeine intake on bone tissue of young rats

Foram avaliados os efeitos da ingestão crônica de cafeína e exercício de natação sobre o tecido ósseo. Ratos Wistar jovens (n = 32) alocados em quatro grupos: sedentário controle (SCO), sedentário + cafeína (SCAF), treinados (TCO) e treinados + cafeína (TCAF), receberam 1 mg/ml de cafeína em água durante 30 dias (SCAF e TCAF) e foram submetidos a 21 dias de natação em intensidade moderada (TCO e TCAF). A tíbia esquerda foi submetida a ensaio biomecânico para determinação do coeficiente de rigidez, limite de elasticidade e carga máxima. A área de tecido ósseo primário e espessura do disco epifisário foram avaliadas no fêmur. Não foram observadas alterações nas propriedades biomecânicas e na deposição de tecido ósseo primário. O grupo SCAF apresentou maior espessura no disco epifisário distal. Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento moderado de natação e a ingestão de cafeína não provocaram alterações morfológicas e biomecânicas do tecido ósseo.Se evaluaram los efectos del consumo crónico de cafeína y la natación em el hueso. Ratas Wistar jóvenes (n=32) divididas en cuatro grupos: sedentarios control (SCO), sedentarios + cafeína (SCAF), entrenados (TCO) y entrenados + cafeína (TCAF), recibieron 1 mg/ml de cafeína en agua durante 30 días (SCAF e TCAF) e fueron sometidos 21 días de la natación moderada. La tibia izquierda se sometió a una prueba biomecánica para determinar la coeficiente de la rigidez, el limite de elasticidad y el punto de carga máxima. El area de hueso imaturo e de la zona de la placa de crescimiento proximal e distal se analizó em el fêmur. No se observaron cambios en las propiedades biomecánicas y el déposition de hueso inmaturo. Animales SCAF tenía más grueso de la placa de crescimiento distal. Los resultados sugieren que entrenamento moderalado de la natación y el cosumo crônico de cafeína no cambió la morfología y las propiedades biomecánicas del hueso.Effects of swimming training and chronic caffeine intake on bone tissue of young rats were investigated. Young Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary control (SCO), sedentary + caffeine (SCAF), trained (TCO) and trained + caffeine (TCAF); they received 1 mg/ml of caffeine diluted in water for 30 days (SCAF and TCAF) and were submitted to swimming training of moderate intensity for 21 days (TCO and TCAF). The left tibia was subjected to the biomechanical test for determination of the coefficient of stiffness, yield and maximum load. The immature bone tissue area and thickness of growth plates were evaluated in the femur. No changes were observed in biomechanical properties and the area occupied by immature bone tissue. However, SCAF group presented greater thickness in distal growth plate. The results suggest that the moderate intensity swimming training and caffeine consumption were not able to promote changes in morphology and biomechanical properties of bone tissue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost