Virtual Grader for Apple Qualityassessment using Fruit Size and Illumiation Features

The present paper reports on the development of an intelligent virtual grader for assessing apple quality using machine vision. The heart of the proposed virtual grader was executed in the form of K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) classifier designed on the architecture of Euclidean distance metric. KNN classifier is executed for this particular application due to its robustness to the noisy environment. The present study revealed that fruit surface illumination is one of the major deterministic parameters affecting accuracy substantially while assessing apple quality based on fruit size. The performance of the proposed virtual grader was examined experimentally under different conditions of fruit surface illumination. An industrial grade camera connected to an image grabber was used to implement the proposed industrial-grade virtual grader using machine vision. Results of this study are quite promising with an achievement of 99% efficiency at 100% repeatability when fruit surface is exposed to an optimal value of 310 lux. However, such an attempt has not been made earlier

Study on The Application of Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash for Sustainable Construction Materials

The total amount of solid trash produced in India is 160038.9 TPD, according to the Annual Report on Solid Waste Management (2020–21), CPCB, Delhi. Out of which, Tamil Nadu created 13422 TPD of solid waste, of which 9430.35 TPD was processed, and 2301.04 TPD was landfilled. The researchers have been forced to look at alternative processes and materials for the manufacturing of construction materials utilizing processed municipal solid waste ash (PMSWA) due to the increased demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable products. This research work focused on the replacement of fine aggregate by (0%, 10%, 30% and 50%) Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash (PMSWA) in the Solid Blocks. This research enhances the sustainable material development in the construction industry. SEM study showed that specimens with CTR do not have any cracking on their fracture surfaces, unlike samples without CTR. This study examines the material’s physical characteristics, including its mechanical attributes like compressive strength and flexural strength as well as its chemical composition using XRF. It demonstrates that the substitution or addition of PMSWA to construction materials is appropriate, cost-effective, and safe

Study on The Application of Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash for Sustainable Construction Materials

The total amount of solid trash produced in India is 160038.9 TPD, according to the Annual Report on Solid Waste Management (2020–21), CPCB, Delhi. Out of which, Tamil Nadu created 13422 TPD of solid waste, of which 9430.35 TPD was processed, and 2301.04 TPD was landfilled. The researchers have been forced to look at alternative processes and materials for the manufacturing of construction materials utilizing processed municipal solid waste ash (PMSWA) due to the increased demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable products. This research work focused on the replacement of fine aggregate by (0%, 10%, 30% and 50%) Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash (PMSWA) in the Solid Blocks. This research enhances the sustainable material development in the construction industry. SEM study showed that specimens with CTR do not have any cracking on their fracture surfaces, unlike samples without CTR. This study examines the material’s physical characteristics, including its mechanical attributes like compressive strength and flexural strength as well as its chemical composition using XRF. It demonstrates that the substitution or addition of PMSWA to construction materials is appropriate, cost-effective, and safe