Merchandise Returns predictability

The present disclosure pertains to the field of payment processing and predictive modelling for the Merchandise returns transactions in the context of payment transactions. More specifically, it focuses on developing a new model that offers predictability scores for merchandise returns, allowing merchants and acquirers to make informed decisions about the clearing of the original transactions. This innovative solution leverages historical data and employs linear regression to predict likelihood of a potential merchandise returns, potentially saving huge costs and resources for the merchant and acquirer and all the parties involved in the transaction processing

Comparative analysis of medical pharmacology books based on competency based undergraduate curriculum followed by MBBS student in Rani Durgavati Medical College, Banda

Background: National Medical Commission (NMC) has implemented competency based undergraduate curriculum for training of new M.B.B.S. students. As per these curriculum authors of Medical Pharmacology books also changed their book content to fulfill the subject requirement.Methods: A systematic comparison of books carried out in department of pharmacology Rani Durgawati Medical College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh. There was comparison of 5 books of medical pharmacology of Indian author belongs to edition after 2019. The books included were Essentials of Medical Pharmacology (Jaypee Publication, 8th Edition, 2021), Medical Pharmacology (CBS Publishers And Distributors Pvt Ltd, 7th Edition, 2021), Pharmacology and Pharmacotherepeutics (Elsvier Publication, 26th Edition, 2021), Pharmacology for MBBS (Avichal Publication Company, 2nd edition, 2021) and Pharmacology for Medical Graduates (Elsvier Publication, 4th Edition, 2020). All the books were examined for the competencies described in the pharmacology syllabus. The table was prepared for the availability of topics according to the competencies of different section of syllabus. The chapter/page numbers mentioned in competency table were looked upon for the respective competencies and presence or absence of the topic was noted down.Results: All the books mainly covered competency given in the knowledge section of the syllabus. Few competencies in skill and communication sections were also covered in the text books.Conclusions: When all the five books were evaluated according to pharmacology competency in syllabus, none of the books covered whole pharmacology syllabus. This may be because authors considered the competency topics in skill and communication section as a part of practical or because many practical books or manuals are available in the market which covered topics in these sections

Pediatric Fibromyxoma Maxilla – A rare entity

Fibromyxoma is a rare benign tumour of mesenchymal origin that mostly involves the posterior part of the mandible. It is a locally aggressive and slowly growing painless tumour that mostly occurs in second and third decades of life. We report a case of 2 years old child with huge mass of the right maxilla. After proper diagnosis mass was completely excised via sublabial approach and reported histopathologically as fibromyxoma. Because of its rarity in the maxilla and in this age, it is being reported here

Phytochemical and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Herbal Gel Prepared from Bark Extract of Mesua Ferrea Linn

The present research work involves formulation of herbal gel containing stem bark extracts of Mesua ferrea Linn and its evaluation for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The gel formulations were prepared using ethanolic extracts along with different polymer. The physiochemical parameters of formulations like; pH, viscosity and spreadability etc. also evaluated. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids, etc. The ethanolic extracts showed appreciable anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard drug. Study confirmed that potential anti-inflammatory formulation can be developed from bark extract of Mesua ferrea Linn.   Keywords: Mesua ferrea Linn., Anti-inflammatory, Herbal Gel, Phytochemical, Albumin denaturation

ROCK1 via LIM kinase regulates growth, maturation and actin based functions in mast cells

Understanding mast cell development is essential due to their critical role in regulating immunity and autoimmune diseases. Here, we show how Rho kinases (ROCK) regulate mast cell development and can function as therapeutic targets for treating allergic diseases. Rock1 deficiency results in delayed maturation of bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) in response to IL-3 stimulation and reduced growth in response to stem cell factor (SCF) stimulation. Further, integrin-mediated adhesion and migration, and IgE-mediated degranulation are all impaired in Rock1-deficient BMMCs. To understand the mechanism behind altered mast cell development in Rock1-/- BMMCs, we analyzed the activation of ROCK and its downstream targets including LIM kinase (LIMK). We observed reduced activation of ROCK, LIMK, AKT and ERK1/2 in Rock1-deficient BMMCs in response to SCF stimulation. Further, loss of either Limk1 or Limk2 also demonstrated altered BMMC maturation and growth; combined deletion of both Limk1 and Limk2 resulted in further reduction in BMMC maturation and growth. In passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model, deficiency of Rock1 or treatment with ROCK inhibitor Fasudil protected mice against IgE-mediated challenge. Our results identify ROCK/LIMK pathway as a novel therapeutic target for treating allergic diseases involving mast cells

Association of ABO blood group and Rh factor in cleft lip and palate patients

Background: One of the most common congenital malformations, with widespread racial and regional variation is an orofacial cleft. The occurrence is attributed to an array of environmental and genetic factors. Blood grouping and Rh factor are genetically determined. Any possible association of clefts with them helps in planning interventional services. Methods: A case control observational study was conducted on 111 samples who were cases presenting with oral clefts in Super speciality hospitals and other 111 samples who came to hospital for their treatment other than for cleft lip or cleft palate, were controls in the study. Cases were evaluated for various phenotypes of clefts. Blood samples of each case and control was collected to elaborate on blood group genotype and Rh typing. SPSS 22.0 version was employed for statistical analysis. Results: The most common blood group noted in cases as well in controls respectively was type ‘B’ in 31.5% and 43.2%, while blood group ‘AB’ was noted the lowest in both cases (14.5%) and controls (7.3%).Rh positive was noted 94.6% in both cases and control population. Clefts were observed more in male population than female counterparts.Cases of cleft lip and palate (CLP) was noted the highest, in 61 (55%) of cases, followed by defects in lip, palate and lastly in soft palate. Conclusions: Though not associated to the biological characteristics of cleft lip and palate in the current study, the functional importance of ABO blood group distribution may be the subject of future research. Identification of any associative traits for clefts assesses individuals with risk so as to help eliminate the chance of occurrence and early identification for better prognosis

Identification and validation of a key genomic region on chromosome 6 for resistance to Fusarium stalk rot in tropical maize

Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) of maize is an economically important post-flowering stalk rot (PFSR) disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides. The pathogen invades the plant individually, or in combination with other stalk rot pathogens or secondary colonizers, thereby making it difficult to make accurate selection for resistance. For identification and validation of genomic regions associated with FSR resistance, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted with 342 maize lines. The panel was screened for FSR in three environments using standard artificial inoculation methodology. GWAS using the mixed linear model corrected for population structure and kinship was done, in which 290,626 SNPs from genotyping-by-sequencing were used. A total of 7 SNPs, five on chromosome 6 showing strong LD at 168 Mb, were identified to be associated with FSR. Haplotype regression analysis identified 32 haplotypes with a significant effect on the trait. In a QTL mapping experiment in two populations for validating the identified variants, QTLs were identified with confidence intervals having overlapped physical coordinates in both the populations on chromosome 6, which was closely located to the GWAS-identified variants on chromosome 6. It makes this genomic region a crucial one to further investigate the possibility of developing trait markers for deployment in breeding pipelines. It was noted that previously reported QTLs for other stalk rots in maize mapped within the same physical intervals of several haplotypes identified for FSR resistance in this study. The possibility of QTLs controlling broad-spectrum resistance for PFSR in general requires further investigation

Unusual occurrence of primary malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity

Malignant melanoma of nasal cavity is an extremely rare tumor with an incidence rate of 0.67% among all malignant melanomas. Melanomas are tumors arising from melanocytes that are neuroectodermal cells located in the basal layers of skin, skin adnexa, uveal tract, and occasionally in mucosal membranes. We report a case of malignant melanoma of nasal cavity in a 60-year-old female for its rare occurrence. These tumors have poor prognosis owing to high rates of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis. We report this case without the symptom of epistaxis because of its rarity

Drugs – From Discovery to Development

27Very few people have are aware of the process of discovery and development of drugs. Well, here is a brief introduction to the process although the process itself takes years

A comparison of dexmedetomidine (0.25mcg/kg) and clonidine(1mcg/kg) to attenuate stress response during laryngoscopy and intubation

Background: Direct Laryngoscopy And Intubation Are Very Powerful Stimuli Which Leads To Increased Sympathetic Stimulation Resulting In Tachycardia And Hypertension .This response May Be Fatal In High Risk Patients And Can Be Blunted By Appropriate Premedication .The Aim Of This Study Was To Compare Dexmedetomidine 0.25mcg/Kg And Clonidine 1mcg /Kg As A Premedication To Blunt The Haemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy And Intubation. Methods:100 Adult Patients Of Asa I & II Between 20 To 60 Years Of Age Of Either Sex, Divided Into 2 Groups ,50 Patient In Each Group.Group 1- Received 1 Mcg/Kg Clonidine And Group-II Received 0.25mcg/Kg Of Dexmedetomidine. Haemodynamic Parameters Were Noted Before Induction ,After Induction After Laryngoscopy And Intubation And After 5 Min. Of Laryngoscopy And Intubation. Result: In Our Study Haemodynamic Parameters Indicating Sympathetic Responses Like Hr, Sbp,Dbp ,Map All Incresed During Laryngoscopy And Intubation. Premedication With Clonidine 1mcg/Kg and Dexmedetomidine 0.25mcg/Kg Reduced The Increased Haemodynamic Response But Attenuation Was More With 0.25 Mcg/Kg Dexmedetomidine Group As Compared To Clonidine 1mcg/Kg Group Which Was Significant (P<0.005). Conclusion: We Conclude That Intravenous Dexmedetomidine 0.25 Mcg/Kg Significantly Reduces The Haemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy And Intubation As Compared To Intravenous Clonidine 1 Mcg./K