National Judicial Commission In India: The New Challenge

Art. 50 of our constitution provide - separation of powers and independent judiciary (under directive principles) and Art. 13 of the Indian constitution provide vital power to amend any new statute and empowered to Supreme Court to check the constitutional validity of particular act/statute. For much of its history the Indian judiciary has been regarded as largely fair and incorruptible. No action was taken on the bill but the system of Supreme Court appointments that it envisaged was mandated three years later by the Supreme Court itself. In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs. Union of India (1993 (4) SCC. 441) the Court ruled that the Constitution’s provision that the President appoint Supreme Court judges in ‘‘consultation with such Judges of the Supreme Courts...as the President may deem necessary” (Article 124(2)) meant that the advice of the Supreme Court judges was binding upon the President. It also resolved that the judges involved in this ‘consultation’ would be the Chief Justice of India and the two judges next in seniority. This decision was upheld in 1998 in the Third Judges case, only slightly modified to involve the Chief Justice of India and the four judges – rather than two – next in seniority as well as all Supreme Court judges from the candidate’s High Court. The Supreme Court of India and the High Court’s set the standard for judicial conduct and competence in the country. It is vital that we create a National Judicial Commission, combining input from the elected branches of government and the judiciary, to appoint and over see the judges of the Supreme Court and High Court

Design of an Automatic Trolley

In today's life style, daily tone’s of goods and products are produced and they are carried or transported from one place to another. The journey of transportation of the products can be form a mile to 1000's of miles. For transporting the goods or products, some source of mobile things like trucks, trolley, carriage, ship, train, aeroplane etc , are required to carry those items. Some goods weigh's some kilo's to some of the goods to tonnes which are transported as per the requirement of the user. Some of the transportation aid's are automatic like trucks, train, ship etc, while some of the transportation aid's are manual based like trolleys, carriage, rickshaws etc, which require the manual help to pull or push them over the journey of the transportation. As per today's life style time is money in some words, so time of transportation is directly proportional to the cost of products and profit gained from. Thus to achieve short time period transportation journey the carrier should be sufficiently able to provide as much as low time period, thus it should be more advance and more comfortable to the user. In present work, the focus is given on the time period, comfort, advancement, low cost, and mainly manual work is aimed to be reduced as much as possible. The model here made aims on providing automatic motion to the user with the help of some external sources so that the time of transportation can be reduced so as to increase the efficiency of carrier and to increase the profit. An attempt is made here in this work on enlargement of the space of the platform so that more and more goods can be transported at one time. But the enlargement of platform made here is portable i.e. can be increased or decreased as per the requirement of the user and quantity of the goods. Further emphasis is given on the weight of the trolley so that the motion can be executed with ease and in less time period user can perform the work. The design is validated by developing digital mock up generated in CATIA V5 and are assembled to form a final product. Physical prototype including the structure and functionality is developed using wood and ABS materia

Cloud Computing Issues

Abstract- Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and information, are provided to computers and devices on-demand, like the electricity grid. It aims to construct a perfect system with powerful computing capability through a large number of relatively low-cost computing entity, and using the advanced business models like SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) to distribute the powerful computing capacity to end users’ hands. Cloud Computing represents a new computing model that poses many demanding security issues at all levels, e.g., network, host, application, and data levels. The variety of the delivery models presents different security challenges depending on the model and consumers’ Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authenticity, and Privacy are essential concerns for both Cloud providers and consumers as well. This paper introduces the existing issues in cloud computing such as security, privacy, reliability and so on. This paper surveys the security problems of current cloud computing

Design and Implementation of a Software System for High Level Business Rules

The Business Rules Group has highlighted the importance of the ownership of business rules by business people. This calls for a business oriented view of business rules. Accordingly, we propose to introduce a Business Layer on top of the CIM layer of business rules that considers the essential nature of business rules, their properties and structure as well as inter-relationships between business rules. We propose a model that inhabits the business layer. This model provides (a) flat and hierarchical business rules, (b) business rules that operate on the state of an enterprise and cause state changes (c) temporal constraints and specification of long running and instantaneous business rules. Further, we develop a Business Rule Management system(BRMS) that, besides basic CRUD capability, allows construction of business rules from given ones. Our proposals are exemplified with a subset of the business rules of a Library

Satellite Communications -A Review

Abstract: Satellite communication is one of the most impressive spin-offs from the space programs and has made a major contribution to the pattern of international communication. A communication satellite is basically an electronic communication package placed in orbit whose prime objective is to initiate or assist another through space. This paper will explain overview of satellite communications, its working, types of satellites and services provided by these communications. This communication further includes satellite orbits and their comparison. We had also discussed satellite merits and demerits which made this communication successful along with its applications in today world (usage). New invention satellites are also discussed

Antimicrobial Profiling of three Famous Indian Spices on S. aureus & S. epidermidis

Abstract: In order to study the antimicrobial activity of Cold Water, Hot Water, Methanol, Acetone, Chloroform, Diethyl ether, Xylene and Petroleum ether extract of three Indian spices such as Piper nigrum L., was tested against infectious disease causing bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis using the Agar Well diffusion method. It was observed that hot water, cold water, Methanol, Acetone, Chloroform, xylene, Diethyl ether and Petroleum ether showed activity against both Bacteria. The extract of Pimenta dioicas in different solvents showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The results confirmed presence of antibacterial activity in the selected Indian spices against the human pathogenic organisms

Adaptation to Variable Environments, Resilience to Climate Change: Investigating Land, Water and Settlement in Indus Northwest India

This paper explores the nature and dynamics of adaptation and resilience in the face of a diverse and varied environmental and ecological context using the case study of South Asia’s Indus Civilization (ca. 3000–1300 BC). Most early complex societies developed in regions where the climatic parameters faced by ancient subsistence farmers were varied but rain falls primarily in one season. In contrast, the Indus Civilization developed in a specific environmental context that spanned a very distinct environmental threshold, where winter and summer rainfall systems overlap. There is now evidence to show that this region was directly subject to climate change during the period when the Indus Civilization was at its height (ca. 2500–1900 BC). The Indus Civilization, therefore, provides a unique opportunity to understand how an ancient society coped with diverse and varied ecologies and change in the fundamental environmental parameters. This paper integrates research carried out as part of the Land, Water and Settlement project in northwest India between 2007 and 2014. Although coming from only one of the regions occupied by Indus populations, these data necessitate the reconsideration of several prevailing views about the Indus Civilization as a whole and invigorate discussion about human-environment interactions and their relationship to processes of cultural transformation