Antibiotic Sensitivity in Post Cesarean Surgical Site Infection at a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal

Introduction: Post cesarean surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the common complications diagnosed in 2.5%-16% of the cases and is associated with significant increase in maternal morbidity, hospital stay, costs, and psychological stress to the new parents. This study was designed to study the incidence of SSI and the antimicrobial resistance pattern in our hospital. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted from July 2015 to December 2015, in which all patients who were admitted with post cesarean SSI or developed SSI during their stay were included.  Wound specimens were collected and susceptibility testing was carried out using disc diffusion technique. Results: The incidence of post cesarean SSI was 6.07% (47/774). Out of the 47 patients who had SSI, 35 (74.75%) had positive swab culture. The most important organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (82.85%) out of which 17 (58.62%) were MRSA strain. The resistance of Staphylococcus to penicillin was 84.6% whereas amikacin was found to be highly sensitive (>96%). Among the MRSA strain, resistance to ciprofloxacin, which is the currently used drug for prophylaxis, was 94%. Resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, and clavulanate was also high. Resistance to vancomycin was also high (53%). Amikacin and chloramphenicol were found to be highly sensitive  (94% and 90% respectively) in the MRSA group. Conclusion: MRSA is the leading cause of post cesarean SSI and is a matter of great concern. Amikacin and chloramphenicol were found to be highly sensitive in this group but unlike other studies, resistance of vancomycin was showing an increasing trend

Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of N-Aryl-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine Analogues

In continuance of our search for anticancer agents, we report herein the synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel oxadiazole analogues. The compounds were screened for anticancer activity as per National Cancer Institute (NCI US) protocol on leukemia, melanoma, lung, colon, CNS, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancers cell lines. N-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (4s) showed maximum activity with mean growth percent (GP) of 62.61 and was found to be the most sensitive on MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), K-562 (leukemia), T-47D (breast cancer), and HCT-15 (colon cancer) cell lines with GP of 15.43, 18.22, 34.27, and 39.77, respectively. Maximum GP was observed on MDA-MB-435 (melanoma) cell line (GP = 6.82) by compound N- (2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (4u)

Systematic study of heavy cluster emission from {210-226}^Ra isotopes

The half lives for various clusters lying in the cold reaction valleys of {210-226}^Ra isotopes are computed using our Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM). The computed half lives of 4^He and 14^C clusters from {210-226}^Ra isotopes are in good agreement with experimental data. Half lives are also computed using the Universal formula for cluster decay (UNIV) of Poenaru et al., and are found to be in agreement with CPPM values. Our study reveals the role of doubly magic 208^Pb daughter in cluster decay process. Geiger - Nuttall plots for all clusters up to 62^Fe are studied and are found to be linear with different slopes and intercepts. {12,14}^C emission from 220^Ra; 14^C emission from {222,224}^Ra; 14^C and 20^O emission from 226^Ra are found to be most favourable for measurement and this observation will serve as a guide to the future experiments.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures; Nuclear Physics A (2012