Observations on Factors Affecting Performance of MapReduce based Apriori on Hadoop Cluster

Designing fast and scalable algorithm for mining frequent itemsets is always being a most eminent and promising problem of data mining. Apriori is one of the most broadly used and popular algorithm of frequent itemset mining. Designing efficient algorithms on MapReduce framework to process and analyze big datasets is contemporary research nowadays. In this paper, we have focused on the performance of MapReduce based Apriori on homogeneous as well as on heterogeneous Hadoop cluster. We have investigated a number of factors that significantly affects the execution time of MapReduce based Apriori running on homogeneous and heterogeneous Hadoop Cluster. Factors are specific to both algorithmic and non-algorithmic improvements. Considered factors specific to algorithmic improvements are filtered transactions and data structures. Experimental results show that how an appropriate data structure and filtered transactions technique drastically reduce the execution time. The non-algorithmic factors include speculative execution, nodes with poor performance, data locality & distribution of data blocks, and parallelism control with input split size. We have applied strategies against these factors and fine tuned the relevant parameters in our particular application. Experimental results show that if cluster specific parameters are taken care of then there is a significant reduction in execution time. Also we have discussed the issues regarding MapReduce implementation of Apriori which may significantly influence the performance.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2016

CASE REPORT ON MOCHARASA (HAEMOSTYPTIC DRUG)- ACTION AND USES

Medicinal plants are resources of newer drug evolution and form the basis of all alternative medicine system. Mocharasa-reddish brown colored secondary metabolite in the form of exudate from Silk - Cotton Tree (Salmali malabarica) and is in demand in pharmaceutical industries for preparation of formulations used for bleeding disorders. Mochrasa is one of source for the life saving drug and known by synonyms like “Niryasa, Pichha, Pichhalsaar, Salmaliveshtaka, Mochsrava, Mochsaar denoting its sticky characteristic. Their therapeutic uses are well described in Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha literature in various bleeding disorders like menorragia, haemptysis, bloody dysentery, diarrhoea mainly. It has good potential of cooling, demulscent, haemostyptic and astringent nature. Due to its binding nature used to heal wounds, ulcers, inflammation and in skin disorders. It is well known for aphrodiasic action in traditional practices as well. It is mild in nature and can be used in pregnant women and children. In Shodhana process of Panchkarma, it is main content of “ Pichha basti †which is given per rectal route which proves its mild astringent and styptic action. Main chemical constituents are L-arbanose, gallic acid, tannic acid with other alkaloids. Various formulations containing Mochrasa are Sunisnaak Changeri Ghrita, Bilwaadi churna, Kutajastak avhleha, Sammangaadi Churna, Changeri Ghrita etc. Various newer trials for antioxidant, analgesic, hepatoprotective action etc. are going on the basis of properties to revalidate the ancient knowledge. Here is an attempt to through light on collection process, purification and availability of raw drug as well extracts in market by collecting data from various sources on every aspect of Mocharasa and their therapeutic and folklore uses

Financial Performance of PSEs Post-disinvestment

India being a developing economy has adopted the concept of mixed economy wherein both the private and public sector were allowed to industrialize the country except few restricted sectors. PSEs controlled by the government played an instrumental role in servicing the country in infrastructure and public services. Since there were lots of political intervention because of which the PSEs derailed from the profit making objective and turned to drainage of wealth which were once referred to be temples of modern India. The PSEs were also suddenly exposed to Global competition which they were not used for operating under protected environment. The level playing field and competition affected the financial performances of PSEs. The paper elucidates the various financial ratios over a period of 10 years and analyzed the performance of the PSEs resurrecting focusing on other factors of their sustainability

EFFECTS OF NIPAH VIRUS IN TODAY’S WORLD

The effect of Nipah Virus Infection is increasing day by day in today’s scenario and more number of cases are found in various countries. In India it was discovered in Sikkim, Siliguri and West Bengal. It is near borders with China, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sikkim. The primary pathways of transmission is from bats to people, in Bangladesh its transformed via contamination of raw date palm sap by bats with subsequent consumption by humans and through infection of domestic animals (cattle, pigs, and goats), presumably from consumption of food contaminated with bat saliva or urine with subsequent transmission to people. It is found in both species of humans as well as animals more number of deaths was found in the both spices, hence zoonotics. Laboratory investigations at the time of the outbreak did not show or identify an infectious agent. Approximately half of recognized Nipah cases in Bangladesh developed their disease following person to person transmission of the virus. Efforts to prevent transmission should focus on decreasing bat access to date palm sap and reducing family members' and friends' exposure to infected patients' saliva or body fluids

Evaluation of some plant extracts in management of dry bubble (Verticillium fungicola) disease of white button mushroom [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach]

The study was undertaken to determine antifungal potentials of some plant extracts against dry bubble (Verticillium fungicola) disease of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Twelve botanicals namely, Allium cepa, A. sativum, Saraca asoca, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Lantana camara, Ocimum sanctum, Solanum lycopersicum (Lycopersicon esculentum), Tagetes erecta, Psidium guajava, Catharanthus roseus and Aparagus racemosus were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo for their efficacy against both A. bisporus and V. fungicola, causing dry bubble disease of mushroom. The efficacy of botanicals was examined by poison food technique in in-vitro. The percent inhibition produced by botanicals against V. Fungicola recorded in-vitro was; A. cepa (25.87%), A. sativum (24.70%), S. asoca (12.35%), A. vera (22.35%), A. indica (35.11%), L. camara (28.48%), O. sanctum (20.59%), S. lycopersicum (20.34%), T. erecta (14.11%), P. guajava (15.11%), C. roseus (18.11%) and A. racemosus (13.52%). Among these plant extracts, A. indica was found best treatment followed by L. Camara and A. Cepa. Plant extracts showing maximum efficacy against V. fungicola and minimum inhibition against mushroom were further evaluated against V. fungicola infection in mushroom crop room (in-vivo test). In in-vivo test, the polybags which receive A. indica show maximum mean increase in yield (43.46%) over control and exhibited minimum mean disease incidence (27.7%)