Peristaltic transport of a two-layered fluid in a catheterized tube

The flow of a two-layered Newtonian fluid induced by peristaltic waves in a catheterized tube has been investigated. The expressions for the flow characteristics- the flow rate, the pressure drop and the friction forces at the tube and catheter wall are derived. It is found that the pressure drop increases with the flow rate but decreases with the increasing peripheral layer thickness and a linear relationship between pressure and flow exists. The pressure drop increases with the catheter size (radius) and assumes a high asymptotic magnitude at the catheter size more that the fifty percent of the tube size. The friction forces at the tube and catheter wall posses characteristics similar to that of the pressure drop with respect to any parameter. However, friction force at catheter wall assumes much smaller magnitude than the corresponding value at the tube wall

Peristaltic Induced Flow of a Particulate Suspension in a Non-Uniform Geometry

The flow induced by sinusoidal peristaltic waves of a particle-fluid suspension in a twodimensional diverging channel under low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation has been investigated. The analytical expression for the flow characteristics-the flow rate, pressure rise and friction force have been derived. Moreover, we present some results concerning the dependence of these quantities on the geometrical parameters

Factors Implicated in Smartphone Usage Distressing Individual

In today’s era usage of communication technology is increasing day by day whether it may be in the field of education or any other field. The dependency on these technological devices has been increased; it may be fruitful on one hand and problematic from some aspects on other side. People are not realizing the negative aspects of the usage but when they were asked they seemed to neglect the negative aspects as they are not concerned but some other day it will certainly affect them. The present study was done to identify the communication technology induced stressor, exploratory factor analysis has been done on the data collected  from 427 respondent and nine factor  are extracted containing variables which simply explains the smartphone uses stressor that  and those factors may be used for further analysis in  various studies related to smartphone usage

Addressing the public health challenge of birth defects in India

Birth defects consisted of a group of diverse clinical conditions categorized on the basis of a congenital presentation and a partly orwholly genetic etiology. Although individually rare, birth defects affect 2-3% of all births in India. As India has the largest global annualbirths, in absolute numbers, India may harbor the largest number of affected children worldwide. There is a need of strategic researchand interventions to bring down the rate of birth defects and associated economic burden and also a need to actively screen and identifythem at early stage so necessary intervention (medical or surgical) could be initiated so as to reduce lifelong disability as a result ofsuch defects. The recent child health screening and early intervention service initiative by the Government of India, the Rashtriya BalSwasthya Karyakram under the National Health Mission is the first attempt in the direction toward providing services for some ofthe more prevalent birth defects and has the potential to alleviate suffering of affected children especially from rural areas. The datacollected from this program could help policy makers to allocate sufficient funds aimed at treatment of birth defects and also developbehavior change communication strategies for prevention of the same

Peristaltic Induced Flow of a Two-Layered Suspension in Non-Uniform Channel

Peristaltic transport of a two-layered particulate suspension in a non-uniform channel has been investigated. The coupled differential equations for both the fluid and the particle phases in the central as well as in the peripheral layers have been solved and the expression for the flow rate, the pressure rise and the friction force has been derived. The results obtained are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively in brief. The significance of the particle concentration as well as the peripheral layer has been well explained

No evidence for association between SLC11A1 and visceral leishmaniasis in India.

BACKGROUND: SLC11A1 has pleiotropic effects on macrophage function and remains a strong candidate for infectious disease susceptibility. 5' and/or 3' polymorphisms have been associated with tuberculosis, leprosy, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Most studies undertaken to date were under-powered, and none has been replicated within a population. Association with tuberculosis has replicated variably across populations. Here we investigate SLC11A1 and VL in India. METHODS: Nine polymorphisms (rs34448891, rs7573065, rs2276631, rs3731865, rs17221959, rs2279015, rs17235409, rs17235416, rs17229009) that tag linkage disequilibrium blocks across SLC11A1 were genotyped in primary family-based (313 cases; 176 families) and replication (941 cases; 992 controls) samples. Family- and population-based analyses were performed to look for association between SLC11A1 variants and VL. Quantitative RT/PCR was used to compare SLC11A1 expression in mRNA from paired splenic aspirates taken before and after treatment from 24 VL patients carrying different genotypes at the functional promoter GTn polymorphism (rs34448891). RESULTS: No associations were observed between VL and polymorphisms at SLC11A1 that were either robust to correction for multiple testing or replicated across primary and replication samples. No differences in expression of SLC11A1 were observed when comparing pre- and post-treatment samples, or between individuals carrying different genotypes at the GTn repeat. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first well-powered study of SLC11A1 as a candidate for VL, which we conclude does not have a major role in regulating VL susceptibility in India.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

E-Learning platform for music instruments: Advantages and challenges

We’re living in the wоrk frоm hоme оr remоte wоrk erа аnd аll аre hоme bоund where everyоne wаnts tо leаrn new things whether it’s their lоst раssiоn оr their сuriоsity tо leаrn sо this study is based on the evolving advantages and challenges of e-learning рlаtfоrm thаt will be helрful in leаrning different musiс instruments аt their оwn соmfоrtаble рlасe. This study focuses on the depth knowledge of ease of e-learning in music sector. This study will enсоurаge the user tо leаrn аnd exсel in the music sector by the use of distance learning applications by sitting comfortably at their home or any other place. In аdditiоn, it focuses on the аdорtiоn оf e-Leаrning оutсоmes tо reduсe envirоnmentаl imрасt, with minimаl use оf mоbility аnd рарer use tо fасilitаte learning. It is imроrtаnt tо nоte the fасt thаt the attention is more given on the process more thаn оn the соntent оf eduсаtiоn. This change in the mode of learning has result in convenient, аs well аs the rарid develорment оf music education for students. In this regаrd, e- Leаrning is imроrtаnt in the field оf eduсаtiоn