EXPLORING DEFLUORIDATION CAPACITY OF TURMERIC ON INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE

ABSTRACTObjective: This research was carried out for developing a low-cost agro-based biosorbent for defluoridation of wastewater. Here, we investigated thedefluoridation capacities of simple turmeric and MnO2-coated turmeric.Methods: The defluoridation capacity of turmeric had been investigated through batch sorption techniques. In the batch sorption technique, theeffect of various parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial fluoride concentration, and pH had been studied, and these parameters are optimized formaximum fluoride removal efficiency. Each adsorbent was characterized using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron micrograph, and Energy Dispersive Analysis of1 X-Ray. The adsorption kinetics had been studied through different kinetics modelssuch as intra-particle diffusion model and pseudo-first order model. For adsorption equilibrium, we studied the conventional equilibrium modelssuch as Langmuir isotherm model and Freundlich isotherm model.Results: The result of the performed experiments shows that for turmeric and MnO-coated turmeric, the values of pH, adsorbent dose, initialconcentration, and contact time were 7 and 6, 12 and 14 g/l, 20 and 20 mg/l, 60 and 75 minutes at which optimum defluoridation of about 89.9% and94.34% occurs, respectively.Conclusion: The result obtained from the experiments shows that the MnOKeywords: Defluoridation, Turmeric, MnO222 coating has increased the defluoridation capacity of the turmeric.-coated turmeric, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron micrograph, EnergyDispersive Analysis of X-Ray, Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm

Standardization of PCR conditions for an Ancient DNA Amplification

An ancient DNA provides us a powerful tool to study the miniscule amounts of DNA present in hundreds of thousands of years old archaeological remains. Since the advent of the PCR, it became possible for the population biologists to use this scarce and rare genetic material (aDNA) to understand prehistoric population histories. Working with ancient DNA is challenging in itself as it needs a manifold attention in order to maintain the archaeological sample free from contemporary DNA contamination. Apart from that, there are several other complications associated with ancient DNA work such as the preservation of DNA itself that is in degraded state and low copy number, DNA isolation and its successful PCR amplification. Despite the critical role of PCR in this field of research, till date no study has comprehensively evaluated ancient DNA amplification.  In this paper, we have reported our results to optimize PCR component as well as PCR condition to amplify HVR1 region in 600 years old biological samples

Genetic affinities of the Jewish populations of India

Due to the lack of written records or inscription, the origin and affiliation of Indian Jewish populations with other world populations remain contentious. Previous genetic studies have found evidence for a minor shared ancestry of Indian Jewish with Middle Eastern (Jewish) populations. However, these studies (relied on limited individuals), haven’t explored the detailed temporal and spatial admixture process of Indian Jewish populations with the local Indian populations. Here, using large sample size with combination of high resolution biparental (autosomal) and uniparental markers (Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA), we reconstructed genetic history of Indian Jewish by investigating the patterns of genetic diversity. Consistent with the previous observations, we detected minor Middle Eastern specific ancestry component among Indian Jewish communities, but virtually negligible in their local neighbouring Indian populations. The temporal test of admixture suggested that the first admixture of migrant Jewish populations from Middle East to South India (Cochin) occurred during fifth century. Overall, we concluded that the Jewish migration and admixture in India left a record in their genomes, which can link them to the ‘Jewish Diaspora’

Origin and spread of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U7

Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U is among the initial maternal founders in Southwest Asia and Europe and one that best indicates matrilineal genetic continuity between late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer groups and present-day populations of Europe. While most haplogroup U subclades are older than 30 thousand years, the comparatively recent coalescence time of the extant variation of haplogroup U7 (~16–19 thousand years ago) suggests that its current distribution is the consequence of more recent dispersal events, despite its wide geographical range across Europe, the Near East and South Asia. Here we report 267 new U7 mitogenomes that – analysed alongside 100 published ones – enable us to discern at least two distinct temporal phases of dispersal, both of which most likely emanated from the Near East. The earlier one began prior to the Holocene (~11.5 thousand years ago) towards South Asia, while the later dispersal took place more recently towards Mediterranean Europe during the Neolithic (~8 thousand years ago). These findings imply that the carriers of haplogroup U7 spread to South Asia and Europe before the suggested Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe region

SncRNA-mediated deletions, potentially resulting in hybrid dysgenesis and speciation

PARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Standardization of PCR conditions for an ancient DNA amplification

An ancient DNA provides us a powerful tool to study the miniscule amounts of DNA present in hundreds of thousands of years old archaeological remains. Since the advent of the PCR, it became possible for the population biologists to use this scarce and rare genetic material (aDNA) to understand prehistoric population histories. Working with ancient DNA is challenging in itself as it needs a manifold attention in order to maintain the archaeological sample free from contemporary DNA contamination. Apart from that, there are several other complications associated with ancient DNA work such as the preservation of DNA itself that is in degraded state and low copy number, DNA isolation and its successful PCR amplification. Despite the critical role of PCR in this field of research, till date no study has comprehensively evaluated ancient DNA amplification. In this paper, we have reported our results to optimize PCR component as well as PCR condition to amplify HVR1 region in 600 years old biological samples

Evolutionary plasticity of mating-type determination mechanisms in Paramecium aurelia sibling species

International audienceThe Paramecium aurelia complex, a group of morphologically similar but sexually incompatible sibling species, is a unique example of the evolutionary plasticity of mating-type systems. Each species has two mating types, O (Odd) and E (Even). Although O and E types are homologous in all species, three different modes of determination and inheritance have been described: genetic determination by Mendelian alleles, stochastic developmental determination, and maternally inherited developmental determination. Previous work in three species of the latter kind have revealed the key roles of the E-specific transmembrane protein mtA and its highly specific transcription factor mtB: type O clones are produced by maternally inherited genome rearrangements that inactivate either mtA or mtB during development. Here we show, through transcriptome analyses in 5 additional species representing the three determination systems, that mtA expression specifies type E in all cases. We further show that the Mendelian system depends on functional and non-functional mtA alleles, and identify novel developmental rearrangements in mtA and mtB which now explain all cases of maternally inherited mating-type determination. Epistasis between these genes likely evolved from less specific interactions between paralogs in the P. aurelia common ancestor, after a whole-genome duplication, but the mtB gene was subsequently lost in three P. aurelia species which appear to have returned to an ancestral regulation mechanism. These results suggest a model accounting for evolutionary transitions between determination systems, and highlight the diversity of molecular solutions explored among sibling species to maintain an essential mating-type polymorphism in cell populations

Genome-defence small RNAs exapted for epigenetic mating-type inheritance.

International audienceIn the ciliate Paramecium, transposable elements and their single-copy remnants are deleted during the development of somatic macronuclei from germline micronuclei, at each sexual generation. Deletions are targeted by scnRNAs, small RNAs produced from the germ line during meiosis that first scan the maternal macronuclear genome to identify missing sequences, and then allow the zygotic macronucleus to reproduce the same deletions. Here we show that this process accounts for the maternal inheritance of mating types in Paramecium tetraurelia, a long-standing problem in epigenetics. Mating type E depends on expression of the transmembrane protein mtA, and the default type O is determined during development by scnRNA-dependent excision of the mtA promoter. In the sibling species Paramecium septaurelia, mating type O is determined by coding-sequence deletions in a different gene, mtB, which is specifically required for mtA expression. These independently evolved mechanisms suggest frequent exaptation of the scnRNA pathway to regulate cellular genes and mediate transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of essential phenotypic polymorphisms