I/O Workload in Virtualized Data Center Using Hypervisor

Cloud computing [10] is gaining popularity as it’s the way to virtualize the datacenter and increase flexibility in the use of computation resources. This virtual machine approach can dramatically improve the efficiency, power utilization and availability of costly hardware resources, such as CPU and memory. Virtualization in datacenter had been done in the back end of Eucalyptus software and Front end was installed on another CPU. The operation of performance measurement had been done in network I/O applications environment of virtualized cloud. Then measurement was analyzed based on performance impact of co-locating applications in a virtualized cloud in terms of throughput and resource sharing effectiveness, including the impact of idle instances on applications that are running concurrently on the same physical host. This project proposes the virtualization technology which uses the hypervisor to install the Eucalyptus software in single physical machine for setting up a cloud computing environment. By using the hypervisor, the front end and back end of eucalyptus software will be installed in the same machine. The performance will be measured based on the interference in parallel processing of CPU and network intensive workloads by using the Xen Virtual Machine Monitors. The main motivation of this project is to provide the scalable virtualized datacenter

Chronobiotic effect of melatonin following phase shift of light/dark cycles in the field mouse Mus booduga

The objective of this study was to assess whether melatonin accelerates the re-entrainment of locomotor activity after 6 h of advance and delay phase shifts following exposure to LD 12:12 cycle (simulating jet-lag/shift work). An experimental group of adult male field mice Mus booduga were subjected to melatonin (1 mg/kg) through i.p. and the control group were treated with 50 % DMSO. The injections were administered on three consecutive days following 6h of phase advance and delay, at the expected time of "lights off". The results show that melatonin accelerates the re-entrainment after phase advance (29%) when compared with control mice. In the 6 h phase delay study, the experimental mice (melatonin administered) take more cycles for re-entrainment (51%) than the control. Further, the results suggest that though melatonin may be useful for the treatment of jet-lag caused by eastward flight (phase advance) it may not be useful for westward flight (phase delay) jet-lag

Leveraging Genomic Associations in Precision Digital Care for Weight Loss: Cohort Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency of addressing an epidemic of obesity and associated inflammatory illnesses. Previous studies have demonstrated that interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle interventions such as food and exercise may vary metabolic outcomes, contributing to obesity. However, there is a paucity of research relating outcomes from digital therapeutics to the inclusion of genetic data in care interventions. Objective: This study aims to describe and model the weight loss of participants enrolled in a precision digital weight loss program informed by the machine learning analysis of their data, including genomic data. It was hypothesized that weight loss models would exhibit a better fit when incorporating genomic data versus demographic and engagement variables alone. Methods: A cohort of 393 participants enrolled in Digbi Health’s personalized digital care program for 120 days was analyzed retrospectively. The care protocol used participant data to inform precision coaching by mobile app and personal coach. Linear regression models were fit of weight loss (pounds lost and percentage lost) as a function of demographic and behavioral engagement variables. Genomic-enhanced models were built by adding 197 SNPs from participant genomic data as predictors and refitted using Lasso regression on SNPs for variable selection. Success or failure logistic regression models were also fit with and without genomic data. Results: Overall, 72.0% (n=283) of the 393 participants in this cohort lost weight, whereas 17.3% (n=68) maintained stable weight. A total of 142 participants lost 5% bodyweight within 120 days. Models described the impact of demographic and clinical factors, behavioral engagement, and genomic risk on weight loss. Incorporating genomic predictors improved the mean squared error of weight loss models (pounds lost and percent) from 70 to 60 and 16 to 13, respectively. The logistic model improved the pseudo R 2 value from 0.193 to 0.285. Gender, engagement, and specific SNPs were significantly associated with weight loss. SNPs within genes involved in metabolic pathways processing food and regulating fat storage were associated with weight loss in this cohort: rs17300539_G (insulin resistance and monounsaturated fat metabolism), rs2016520_C (BMI, waist circumference, and cholesterol metabolism), and rs4074995_A (calcium-potassium transport and serum calcium levels). The models described greater average weight loss for participants with more risk alleles. Notably, coaching for dietary modification was personalized to these genetic risks. Conclusions: Including genomic information when modeling outcomes of a digital precision weight loss program greatly enhanced the model accuracy. Interpretable weight loss models indicated the efficacy of coaching informed by participants’ genomic risk, accompanied by active engagement of participants in their own success. Although large-scale validation is needed, our study preliminarily supports precision dietary interventions for weight loss using genetic risk, with digitally delivered recommendations alongside health coaching to improve intervention efficac

Circadian pacemaker coupling by multi-peptidergic neurons in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae

Lesion and transplantation studies in the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, have located its bilaterally symmetric circadian pacemakers necessary for driving circadian locomotor activity rhythms to the accessory medulla of the optic lobes. The accessory medulla comprises a network of peptidergic neurons, including pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-expressing presumptive circadian pacemaker cells. At least three of the PDF-expressing neurons directly connect the two accessory medullae, apparently as a circadian coupling pathway. Here, the PDF-expressing circadian coupling pathways were examined for peptide colocalization by tracer experiments and double-label immunohistochemistry with antisera against PDF, FMRFamide, and Asn13-orcokinin. A fourth group of contralaterally projecting medulla neurons was identified, additional to the three known groups. Group one of the contralaterally projecting medulla neurons contained up to four PDF-expressing cells. Of these, three medium-sized PDF-immunoreactive neurons coexpressed FMRFamide and Asn13-orcokinin immunoreactivity. However, the contralaterally projecting largest PDF neuron showed no further peptide colocalization, as was also the case for the other large PDF-expressing medulla cells, allowing the easy identification of this cell group. Although two-thirds of all PDF-expressing medulla neurons coexpressed FMRFamide and orcokinin immunoreactivity in their somata, colocalization of PDF and FMRFamide immunoreactivity was observed in only a few termination sites. Colocalization of PDF and orcokinin immunoreactivity was never observed in any of the terminals or optic commissures. We suggest that circadian pacemaker cells employ axonal peptide sorting to phase-control physiological processes at specific times of the day

Effect of Clay and Humicmaterials for the control of nitrate leaching from sandy agroecosystem

The effect of clay and humic materials in the control of nitrate leaching from sandy soil was established through a column experiment. In a PVC column with 3 inches dia and 45 cm length packed with sandy soil, six leaching at 15 days intervals were performed. Nitrogen was added @ 150 kg ha-1. The results of the study indicated the significant influence of clay @ 40 t and humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 were efficient in the control of NO - and NH + N leached through the column and a corresponding increase of retension of N in soil. The linear equation model was used to ascertain the influence of the physiochemical characteristics on the leaching of nutrients

Observations on the post-natal development of Indian false vampire bat Megaderma lyra (Microchiroptera)

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Periodically varying sensitivity to melatonin in a mammalian circadian system

In this communication we examine the effect of the pineal hormone melatonin on the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of the field mouse Mus booduga. Phase shifts in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity were measured and a phase response curve was constructed following a single dose of 2 μl melatonin (1 mg/kg) at various circadian times. Melatonin admini¬stered from circadian time 4 (CT4) to CT16 induced delay phase shifts whereas at phases CT18 to CT2 advance phase shifts were evoked. The magnitude and direction of the phase shifts evoked were a function of the time of the melatonin injections. The results suggest that the circadian timing system controlling the loco-motor activity rhythm in the M. booduga is responsive to melatonin and also that the daily endogenous rhythm of melatonin may be involved in phasing or entraining the circadian system of mice

Locomotor activity rhythm in the field mouse Mus booduga phase-shifts to melatonin injections in a dose-dependent manner

Melatonin is known to shift the phase of the locomotor activity rhythm in the field mouse Mus booduga in accordance with a type-I phase response curve (PRC), with phase delays during the subjective day and phase advances during late subjective night and the early subjective day. At CT4 (circadian time 4; i.e. 16 hr. after activity onset) and CT22 of the circadian cycle, a single dose of melatonin (1 mg/kg) is known to evoke maximum delay and maximum advance phase-shifts, respectively. We investigated the dose-dependent responses of the circadian pacemaker of these mice to a single dose of melatonin at the times for maximum delay and maximum advance. The circadian pacemaker responsible for the locomotor activity rhythm in these mice responded to various doses of melatonin in a dose-dependent manner with the magnitude of phase shifts increasing with dose

Relationship between free-running period and minimum tolerable light pulse interval of skeleton photoperiods in field mice Mus booduga

The entrainment of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity was studied in the field mouse Mus booduga in order to examine the relationship between the free-running period (τ) and minimum tolerable light pulse interval of the skeleton photoperiods. The animals were entrained under three different light/dark (LD) schedules, each out of phase with the other. They were then subjected to various skeleton photoperiods created by two repeated light pulses (LPs) interrupting darkness. Animals that selected the shorter interval between the LPs as their “subjective night” had significantly shorter τ (23.13 ±0.38h) as compared to those that selected the longer dark interval as subjective night (τ = 23.87 ± 0.18h). When the longer dark interval was 12h, animals selecting that interval as their subjective night included both long-τ and short-τ individuals. When both intervals of darkness were of equal duration, no difference in the selection of subjective night was seen between short and long-τ animals. When the “dusk” LP for the animals that selected the longer dark interval as subjective night was advanced by 2h to create a new skeleton photoperiod, the number of transient cycles appearing before steady-state entrainment was found to depend on the duration of the photoperiods. When the night defined by the two LPs was reduced below 6h, a dramatic “phase jump” in the activity rhythm was observed, and the initial phase relationship was restored after a relaxation in the night duration. We observed considerable interindividual variation in the “minimum tolerable light pulse interval of skeleton photoperiods,” which we suggest may be due to the observed variation in τ among individuals