Mr. Sinet Giuette to Monsieur (1 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1394/thumbnail.jp

The potential role of HIV-specific CD38-/HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells in viral suppressive activity and cytotoxicity in HIV controllers

International audienc

Human and cervid osseous materials used for barbed point manufacture in Mesolithic Doggerland

Barbed bone points originally deposited in Doggerland are regularly collected from the shores of the Netherlands. Their typology and direct 14C dating suggest they are of Mesolithic age. However, the species of which the barbed points were made cannot be identified based on morphological criteria. The bones used to produce the barbed points have been intensively modified during manufacture, use, and post-depositional processes. Here, we taxonomically assess ten barbed points found on the Dutch shore using mass spectrometry and collagen peptide mass fingerprinting alongside newly acquired 14C ages and δ13C and δ15N measurements. Our results demonstrate a sufficient preservation of unmodified collagen for mass spectrometry-based taxonomic identifications of bone and antler artefacts which have been preserved in marine environments since the beginning of the Holocene. We show that Homo sapiens bones as well as Cervus elaphus bones and antlers were transformed into barbed points. The 14C dating of nine barbed points yielded uncalibrated ages between 9.5 and 7.3 ka 14C BP. The δ13C and δ15N values of the seven cervid bone points fall within the range of herbivores, recovered from the North Sea, whereas the two human bone points indicate a freshwater and/or terrestrial fauna diet. The wide-scale application of ZooMS is a critical next step towards revealing the selection of species for osseous-tool manufacture in the context of Mesolithic Doggerland, but also further afield. The selection of Cervus elaphus and human bone for manufacturing barbed points in Mesolithic Doggerland is unlikely to have been opportunistic and instead seems to be strategic in nature. Further, the occurrence of Homo sapiens and Cervus elaphus bones in our random and limited dataset suggests that the selection of these species for barbed point production was non-random and subject to specific criteria. By highlighting the transformation of human bones into barbed points – possibly used as weapons – our study provides additional evidence for the complex manipulation of human remains during the Mesolithic, now also evidenced in Doggerland

Étiologies des Etats d’Agitation Reçus aux Urgences d’un Hôpital de Référence (Bénin, 2021)

Introduction : L’agitation, symptôme fréquent en milieu hospitalier est source d’une grande confusion au sein du personnel soignant. Sa prise en charge adéquate dépend non seulement de son intensité mais aussi de son étiologie le plus souvent organique. Objectif : Étudier les états d’agitation dans les services des urgences et de psychiatrie du CHUD-B/A en 2021. Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale descriptive menée du 1er décembre 2020 au 30 septembre 2021. L’échantillonnage a été exhaustif et a permis d’inclure systématiquement tous les sujets admis aux urgences et en psychiatrie pour état d’agitation. Résultats : Les états d’agitation ont représenté 4,97% des admissions aux urgences et 10,90% des admissions dans le service de psychiatrie. Le sexe masculin a été le plus représenté (56,47%). L’âge moyen des participants est de 34,48 ans ± 15,94 ans. Plus de la moitié (53,38%) des patients ont présenté une agitation légère. Ils ont bénéficié d’une sédation (86,47%) au diazépam (93,67%) en urgence. 78,24% des états d’agitation sont d’étiologies non psychiatriques à savoir : sepsis (23,31%), troubles métaboliques (21,80%), urgences neurologiques traumatiques (21,80%) ou non (13,53%) et urgences viscérales (13,50%) imposant des moyens thérapeutiques tels que : réhydratation, antalgiques, antibiotiques, transfusion sanguine, laparotomie. L’évolution a été favorable dans 90% des cas et quatre décès ont été recensés (03,01%). Conclusion : Les principales étiologies des états d’agitation sont les pathologies non psychiatriques. Tout état d’agitation implique donc une exploration toxique, iatrogène organique en priorité.   Introduction: Agitation, a frequent symptom in the hospital environment, is a source of great confusion for nursing staff. Its appropriate management depends not only on its intensity, but also on its etiology, most often organic. Objective: To study states of agitation in the emergency and psychiatric departments of CHUD-B/A in 2021. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021. Sampling was exhaustive, systematically including all subjects admitted to the emergency and psychiatric departments for agitation. Results: Agitation accounted for 4.97% of admissions to the emergency department and 10.90% of admissions to the psychiatric ward. Males were most represented (56.47%). The average age of participants was 34.48 ± 15.94 years. More than half (53.38%) of patients presented with mild agitation. They were sedated (86.47%) with diazepam (93.67%) as an emergency measure. 78.24% of agitation states were of non-psychiatric etiology: sepsis (23.31%), metabolic disorders (21.80%), traumatic (21.80%) or non-traumatic neurological emergencies (13.53%) and visceral emergencies (13.50%) requiring therapeutic means such as rehydration, analgesics, antibiotics, blood transfusion and laparotomy. The outcome was favorable in 90% of cases, with four deaths (03.01%). Conclusion: The main etiologies of states of agitation are non-psychiatric pathologies. Any state of agitation therefore implies a toxic or iatrogenic organic investigation as a priority

P16-37. HIV controllers with weak CD8+ T cell responses maintain a tight control of infection despite carrying infectious viruses

International audienc

Contribution of the d-Serine-Dependent Pathway to the Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Cognitive Aging

An association between age-related memory impairments and changes in functional plasticity in the aging brain has been under intense study within the last decade. In this article, we show that an impaired activation of the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDA-R) by its agonist d-serine contributes to deficits of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of memory-impaired aged rats. Supplementation with exogenous d-serine prevents the age-related deficits of isolated NMDA-R-dependent synaptic potentials as well as those of theta-burst-induced long-term potentiation and synaptic depotentiation. Endogenous levels of d-serine are reduced in the hippocampus with aging, that correlates with a weaker expression of serine racemase synthesizing the amino acid. On the contrary, the affinity of d-serine binding to NMDA-R is not affected by aging. These results point to a critical role for the d-serine-dependent pathway in the functional alterations of the brain underlying memory impairment and provide key information in the search for new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of memory deficits in the elderly

AMOC Stabilization Under the Interaction With Tipping Polar Ice Sheets

Several large-scale components of the climate system may undergo a rapid transition as critical conditions are exceeded. These tipping elements are also dynamically coupled, allowing for a global domino effect under global warming. Here we focus on such cascading events involving the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS), the West Antarctica Ice Sheet (WAIS) and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Using a conceptual model, we study the combined tipping behavior due to three dominant feedbacks: the marine ice sheet instability for the WAIS, the height-surface mass balance feedback for the GIS and the salt-advection feedback for the AMOC. We show that, in a realistic parameter range of the model, a tipping of the WAIS can inhibit cascading events by preserving the AMOC stability