Lunasin and Bowman-Birk Protease Inhibitor Concentrations of Protein Extracts from Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Soybeans

Lunasin and Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) are two soybean peptides to which health-promoting properties have been attributed. Concentrations of these peptides were determined in skim fractions produced by enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) of extruded full-fat soybean flakes (an alternative to extracting oil from soybeans with hexane) and compared with similar extracts from hexane-defatted soybean meal. Oil and protein were extracted by using countercurrent twostage EAEP of soybeans at 1:6 solids-to-liquid ratio, 50C, pH 9.0, and 120 rpm for 1 h. Protein-rich skim fractions were produced from extruded full-fat soybean flakes using different enzyme strategies in EAEP: 0.5% protease (wt/g extruded flakes) used in both extraction stages; 0.5% protease used only in the second extraction stage; no enzyme used in either extraction stage. Countercurrent two-stage protein extraction of air-desolventized, hexane-defatted soybean flakes was used as a control. Protein extraction yields increased from 66% to 89-96% when using countercurrent two-stage EAEP with extruded full-fat flakes compared to 85% when using countercurrent two-stage protein extraction of air-desolventized, hexane-defatted soybean flakes. Extruding full-fat soybean flakes reduced BBI activity. Enzymatic hydrolysis reduced BBI contents of EAEP skims. Lunasin, however, was more resistant to both enzymatic hydrolysis and heat denaturation. Although using enzymes in both EAEP extraction stages yielded the highest protein and oil extractions, reducing enzyme use to only the second stage preserved much of the BBI and Lunasin

Coste asistencial del paciente con deterioro cognitivo: paciente institucionalizado versus paciente en domicilio

[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos: La mayor parte de las personas mayores permanecen en su domicilio cuando envejecen generando una carga asistencial a sus cuidadores difícil de cuantificar; por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es tratar de conocer el coste generado por la asistencia directa a los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo institucionalizados, en relación con su estado funcional, a fin de poder establecer en base a ello el ahorro generado por los ancianos que permanecen en su domicilio. Material y métodos: Se registra el tiempo de asistencia directa al paciente por todo el personal asistencial durante 24 horas, en dos días no consecutivos, así como las actividades realizadas por los cuidadores familiares en relación al enfermo. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados, como era de esperar, evidencian una relación directa entre la capacidad funcional del anciano y coste asistencial; además se establece el coste por paciente en la institución, lo cual nos permite establecer el ahorro que los cuidadores familiares generan.[Abstract] Introduction and objetives: Most elderly people remain in their homes as they become older generating an assistencial burden of thier carers which is difficult to quantify; as such, the objetive of this study is to attempt to ascertain the cost generated for direct assistence to patients with cognitive deterioration who are institucionalized, in realtion with their functional state, with the aim of being able to establish a baseline from which to compare the savings generated by the elderly persons who remain in their homes. Material and methods: The time taken employed in direct assistance to the patient by all persoanl assistants for 24 hours was registered, for two consecutive days, in as much as the activities carried out by the family carers regarding the patient. Results and conclusions: The results, as expected, demostrated a direct relation between functional capacity of the elderly person ans assistencial cost. Furthemore, the cost for the patient in the institution was established, allowing us to establish the savings generated by the family by caring for the patient at home. To conclude, the care of the elderly person in their own home should be encouraged by means of establishing appropiate programmes of support