Patient delays in seeking help at the onset of rheumatoid arthritis: the problem, its causes and potential solutions

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease for which early treatment is vital to limit long term joint damage. However, people often delay in seeking medical help at the onset of RA symptoms. The early interpretation of symptoms and the process of making sense of symptoms impacts on both help-seeking decision-making and self-management. Furthermore, the general public’s perceptions and knowledge of RA may also affect the way that symptoms are interpreted. Examining the psychology behind early symptom interpretation, the barriers to help-seeking behaviour and investigating the public understandings of RA, can help us understand how decisions are made and guide us in developing interventions which encourage people to seek help promptly at the onset of RA

Heart Rate Patterns Observed in Medical Monitoring

Medical monitoring of heart rate patterns during conditions of sleep, quiet rest, breath-holding, hypoxia, and increased g forces of aircraft fligh

Channelized coplanar waveguide pin-diode switches

Three different types of p-i-n diode, reflective CPW switches are presented. The first two switches are the series and the shunt mounted diode switches. Each has achieved greater than 15 dB of isolation over a broad bandwidth. The third switch is a narrow band, high isolation switched filter which has achieved 19 dB of isolation. Equivalent circuits and measured performance for each switch is presented

Титульні сторінки

Influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) obtain their lipid envelope by budding through the plasma membrane of infected cells. When monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, a polarized epithelial cell line, are infected with fowl plague virus (FPV), an avian influenza virus, or with VSV, new FPV buds through the apical plasma membrane whereas VSV progeny is formed by budding through the basolateral plasma membrane. FPV and VSV were isolated from MDCK host cells prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate and their phospholipid compositions were compared. Infection was carried out at 31 degrees C to delay cytopathic effects of the virus infection, which lead to depolarization of the cell surface. 32P-labeled FPV was isolated from the culture medium, whereas 32P-labeled VSV was released from below the cell monolayer by scraping the cells from the culture dish 8 h after infection. At this time little VSV was found in the culture medium, indicating that the cells were still polarized. The phospholipid composition of the two viruses was distinctly different. FPV was enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine and VSV in phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylinositol. When MDCK cells were trypsinized after infection and replated, non-infected control cells attached to reform a confluent monolayer within 4 h, whereas infected cells remained in suspension. FPV and VSV could be isolated from the cells in suspension and under these conditions the phospholipid composition of the two viruses was very similar. We conclude that the two viruses obtain their lipids from the plasma membrane in the same way and that the different phospholipid compositions of the viruses from polarized cells reflect differences in the phospholipid composition of the two plasma membrane domains

Кончина «четвертой власти»: СМИ и создание новостей

The notion of the fourth estate is the ideological foundation of journalism in the West. It implies that journalism is something that fulfils and supports the public interest, and acts as an independent check and balance against the excesses of the state. However, changes in the news production cycle and process and ownership have seen the destruction of the fourth estate in practice. This paper accounts for some of the reasons why the fourth estate cannot be considered as being a functioning mechanism in the current times.Признание журналистики «четвертой властью» является одним из оснований журналистики на Западе. При этом предполагается, что журналистика удовлетворяет и поддерживает общественный интерес и действует как независимый элемент системы демократических сдержек и противовесов. Однако перемены в цикле производства новостей, в имущественных отношениях в сфере СМИ на практике предопределили деструктивный характер современной «четвертой власти». Данная статья рассматривает некоторые из причин утраты функциональности современной «четвертой властью»