Primena koncepta prostor u prostoru u savremenoj arhitekturi otvorenog plana

The subject of this study was space within space concept which is one of the universal principles in architecture. This paper analyses typical contemporary and historical examples where this concept has been applied in such a way that one or more independent spatial and functional unities appear within open plan space. The emphasis was on examining various reasons that resulted in the application of space within space concept in certain situations, with particular attention directed towards generalization and explanation of the key design approaches where this concept has been most frequently applied in practice.Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je koncept prostora u prostoru, koji je jedan od univerzalnih principa u arhitektonskom stvaralaštvu. U radu su analizirani karakteristični savremeni i istorijski primeri kod kojih je ovaj koncept primenjen na takav način da se u okviru prostora otvorenog plana javlja jedna ili više samostalnih prostorno-funkcionalnih celina. Akcenat je na istraživanju različitih povoda koji su u pojedinim situacijama doveli do primene koncepta prostor u prostoru, pri čemu je posebna pažnja usmerena u pravcu generalizacije i pojašnjenja ključnih projektantskih stanovišta sa kojih je koncept u praksi najčešće primenjivan

Koncept 'kružne veze' u stambenoj arhitekturi

Circular connection is one of the essential concepts of the organization of living space. The most commonly involves the formation of a continuous communication within the system chain of inter-related premises. It is used in situations where it is desired to achieve a higher level of space in terms of the small surface area, thereby diluting or neutralizing the feeling of lack of space, but also in larger surface area with the aim of clearly differentiating or linking distant functional areas. The science has not recorded the first use of circular relationships in history, although it can certainly be argued that the earliest examples existed during the Middle Ages, and even hints centuries. The aim is to systematization of different forms of circular bonds which are present in both theory and practice, as well as a review of the different triggers that can lead to its application.Kružna veza je jedan od esencijalnih koncepata u organizaciji stambenog prostora. Najčešće podrazumeva formiranje neprekinute komunikacije u okviru sistema lančano nadovezanih prostorija. Primenjuje se u situacijama kada se želi postići veći nivo prostornosti u uslovima malih kvadratura, pri čemu se umanjuje ili neutrališe osećaj skučenosti prostora, ali i kod većih kvadratura s ciljem jasnog diferenciranja ili povezivanja udaljenih funkcionalnih zona. U nauci još uvek nije evidentirana prva primena kružne veze u istoriji, mada se sa sigurnošću može tvrditi da su najraniji primeri postojali još u periodu srednjeg veka, a nagoveštaji čak vekovima unazad. Cilj rada je sitematizacija različitih pojavnih oblika kružne veze koji su prisutni u teoriji i praksi, kao i preispitivanje različitih povoda koji mogu da dovedu do njene primene

The ‘socialist apartment’ in Yugoslavia: Paradigm or tendency?

The development of residential architecture in Yugoslavia during the period of socialism had its peak in the 1960s and 1970s. Significant progress in construction was accompanied by housing research directed towards finding the optimal urbanistic solutions for the newly formed lifestyle of the socialist society. The tendency was to “pack” as many residential units as possible into each building, almost up to the limits of the functional minimum, at the same time with the aim of setting a more humane pattern of living. Innovative theoretical ideas were developed at leading housing research centers and then spread at conferences, consultations, expositions and architectural contests. Top quality design concepts were mostly obtained through architectural contests, which, among other things, also served the purpose of testing theoretical principles and new concepts of residential patterns on actual examples. Although the term “socialist apartment” seems to be accepted in practice, in the scientific sense, it has not been sufficiently explored or examined. The aim of this paper is to explore whether there was a certain architectural pattern as a form of response to the specific socio-economic conditions in Yugoslavia, in terms of a functional scheme that architects followed and which could be defined by the term “socialist apartment”

Urban housing experiments in Yugoslavia 1948-1970

In the period from 1948 to 1970 urban housing architecture in Yugoslavia had a distinctly experimental character as it strived intensively towards research and establishment of new architectural patterns and values that would mark the period of economic growth of the country. In conditions of mass housing construction, initiated by the devastated urban housing fund after the Second World War, significant influx of population to towns and the state directed its socialist aspirations at alloting every family acceptable living space. The period of the so-called " directed housing construction" , whose imperative was to establish the limits of existential minimum in collective housing, maximal space " packing" and optimal functionality of flats, at the same time represents the most significant period in the development of housing architecture in Yugoslavia. The architects focused their interests in housing in mainly three directions: a) the creation and application of new prefabrication systems, b) innovative application of modernistic patterns in aestheticization of architecture and c) experimenting with space units which will enable a higher level of privacy in high-density housing conditions. The first direction of research emerged in the context of post-war housing construction of a wide scope, which encouraged the advance of technological research in areas of prefabrication and practical application of achieved results on the whole territory of Yugoslavia. The second direction dealt with architectural planning which was strictly subordinated to social and ideological sphere with domineering socialist monumentalism and artistic and sculptural approach to architecture. The third was related to experimental tendency with new urban housing patterns which aimed to search and find more pragmatic, humane solutions within mass high-density housing constructions which were the first to utilize and show examples of " double-tract buildings. These were primarily realized in Serbia, as continuation of tendencies first expressed in activities of " Belgrade School of Housing"

Tehnološki model održivog razvoja na primeru TGV transportnog sistema Francuske

Strategy of transport system development based on real estimate of spatial and functional region possibilities, creates a communication web as an illustration of whole social needs trend, economical progress and planning policy. TGV system is considered as significant direction of France region development, designed by global time demands but proceeded by connecting local level potentials. The highest ambition in railway development project is Mediteranee line, linking Marseille - Lyon, demonstrating a step beyond speed limit, technological aesthetic and architecture.Strategija razvoja saobraćajnog sistema zasnovana na proceni i koordinaciji prostornih i funkcionalnih potencijala regiona, obrazuje mrežu komunikacija kao ilustraciju kretanja ukupnih socijalnih potreba, ekonomskog progresa i politike razvoja. TGV sistem predstavlja najvažniju manifestaciju strateškog opredeljenja razvoja Francuske, kreirane globalnim zahtevima vremena, a ostvarenu planiranim, kontrolisanim umrežavanjem lokalnih mogućnosti sredine. Najviša ambicija realizacije projekta razvoja železnice visokih brzina predstavlja nova linija Mediteranee na relaciji Marsej - Lion, odražavajući sveukupni iskorak brzine, tehnologije, konstrukcijske estetike i arhitekture

Performans kao čin komunikacije

Поступак дефинисања перформативности архитектуре са аспекта сту- дија извођења (performance studies), заснива се на објашњавању оства- рених релација, приказивања њиховог порекла, као и могућих облика њихових интерпретација. Полазећи од тога да перформативност у општем сми- слу обухвата концептуалну и оперативну реалност, неопходно је истражити на- чине којима перформанс (као бихевиорално-просторно-временски догађај) ути- че на тумачење простора терминима који описују релације а не фигуралности. Идентификација перформативности архитектуре у актуелним теоријским и стручним расправама производи сложену категоризацију која се може свести на неколико кључних одређења. Ту спада перформанс у архитектури (објекти намењени различитим облицима јавног извођења), архитектонски перформанс, перформативна - интерактивна архитектура, итд. Када говоримо о перформативности архитектуре из позиције студија из- вођења примењених на архитектуру, различито од претходно наведених ка- тегорија, поље истраживања је усмерено на архитектуру у контексту простор- но-временских ситуација, понашања, интеракција или релација, који се могу посматрати и теоретизовати као перформанс. Инструментализацијом перфор- манса настаје методолошки поступак – апарат анализе, идентификације и те- оретизације променљивости граница унутар којих архитектура комуницира на друштвеној и културалној платформ

Istorijski pejzaž nepokretnih kulturnih dobara u Brankovini i mere zaštite od poplava

The attitude towards the values of cultural heritage is one of the important factors in shaping the character of a place and the character of a cultural and historical ambience. Cultural heritage plays an important role in strengthening the regional and local cultures and tradition with respect to economic and social issues, as well as with respect to the environmental protection regulation. The Brankovina cultural and historical complex - the immovable property of exceptional importance, is an important cultural centre of Serbia which implies an integrated protection of all structures together with the surrounding area. The illegal construction, inappropriate reconstructions and interventions in this area have resulted from a lack of urban planning regulation over a long period of time. Insufficiently developed awareness about the importance of cultural heritage for the development of this area, as well as a lack of clearly defined programmes and measures that would ensure a continuous process of protection, presents a constant threat to the survival of this important heritage. The flood risk problem is much more prominent in this area than in other parts of Serbia due to complexity in the protection of historical heritage and particular ambience qualities. The work on the area development programme which would provide spatial, environmental, economic and functional conditions for future development and protection of this area has started after the adoption of the Decision on General Regulation Plan. The achievement of objectives is moving towards the affirmation, protection and improvement of the Brankovina cultural and historical complex as a traditional cultural heritage, along with planning the new facilities that would be appropriate to the importance of the area, and without environmental consequences.Odnos prema vrednostima kulturnog nasleđa je jedan od važnih faktora u oblikovanju karaktera mesta i karaktera kulturno-istorijskog ambijenta. Kulturno nasleđe igra važnu ulogu u jačanju regionalne i lokalne kulture i tradicije u odnosu na ekonomska i socijalna pitanja, kao i u pogledu regulisanja zaštite životne sredine. Kulturno-istorijski kompleks Brankovina - nepokretna imovina od izuzetnog značaja, je važan kulturni centar Srbije, koji podrazumeva integrisanu zaštitu svih struktura zajedno sa okolnim područjem. Bespravne gradnje, neodgovarajuće rekonstrukcije i intervencije u ovoj oblasti rezultat su nedostatka propisa urbanističkog planiranja tokom dugog vremenskog perioda. Nedovoljno razvijena svest o značaju kulturnog nasleđa za razvoj ove oblasti, kao i nedostatak jasno definisanih programa i mera koje bi obezbedile kontinuirani proces zaštite, predstavlja stalnu pretnja opstanku ovog važnog nasleđa. Problem rizika od poplava je mnogo izraženiji u ovoj oblasti nego u drugim delovima Srbije zbog složenosti zaštite istorijskog nasleđa i posebnih ambijentalnih kvaliteta. Rad na programu razvoja u oblasti koja bi omogućila prostorne, ekološke, ekonomske i funkcionalne uslove za dalji razvoj i zaštitu ovog područja je počela nakon usvajanja odluke o planu generalne regulacije. Ostvarivanjem ciljeva kreće se ka afirmaciji, zaštiti i unapređenju kulturnog i istorijskog kompleksa Brankovina, kao tradicionalne kulturne baštine, uz planiranje novih objekata koji će biti prikladni za značaj područja, a bez posledica po životnu sredinu.

Architecture performativity

Предмет истраживања представља дефинисање перформативности архитектуре са аспекта студија извођења, са циљем објашњавања остварених релација, приказивања њиховог порекла, као и могућих облика њихових интерпретација. Полазећи од тога да перформативност у општем смислу обухвата концептуалну и оперативну реалност, ова дисертација истражује начине којима је архитектура ослобођена формалне путање у процесу пројектовања, чиме се идентификује, разматра, полемише променљивост и нестабилност граница у којима архитектонске идеје и значења комуницирају на друштвеној и културној платформи. Савремена позиција разматрања актуелне ситуације у архитектури настаје одређивањем природе остварених веза између перформативности и архитектуре које нису успостављене само у оквирима визуелних и формалних манифестација, већ на плану заједничке суштинске концепције.The subject of this research defines the phenomenon of performativity in architecture through performance Studies, with an aim of explaining established relations, presenting where they originated from, as well as possible forms of their interpretation. Starting from the point that performativity in its general sense includes conceptual and operative reality, this paper researches ways in which architecture is released of following the formal path in the process of design, which identifies, discusses and explores the changeability and instability of boundaries in which architectural ideas and meanings communicate on a social and cultural platform. Contemporary position in assessing the current situation in architecture emerges by creating connection between performativity and architecture, established not only within visual and formal manifestations, but also in terms of common essential concept

Subjective experience of architectural objects: A cross-cultural study

The purpose of the present study was to compare Serbian and Japanese participants in their subjective experience of Serbian and Japanese architectural objects. Subjective experience was operationalized through the ratings on the bipolar scales (e.g. pleasant-unpleasant). In the Preliminary study 1, a set of twelve rating scales was generated. In the Preliminary study 2 twelve Serbian and twelve Japanese architectural objects were specified. In the main experiment two groups of participants, twenty-one Serbian and twenty Japanese, rated twelve Serbian and twelve Japanese objects. A factor analysis extracted three dimensions of subjective experience: Beauty, Firmness and Fullness. Analysis of variance have shown that both Serbian and Japanese participants agreed that Japanese architectural objects looked more beautiful and firmer than Serbian objects. These finding is generally in line with perceptualist hypothesis that stimulus constraints are more effective than culture. However, interactions revealed some cultural differences that are consistent with culturalist hypothesis: compared to Serbian participants, Japanese participants rated Japanese architectural objects as more beautiful, whereas, compared to Japanese, Serbian participants rated Serbian objects as less fragile and emptier than Japanese objects. Generally, our study have shown that Serbian (Western) and Japanese (Eastern) participants show general similarity in their subjective experience of architectural objects

Arhitektura predela: Oblik ili trag

Konstituisanje prostora nije samo pitanje njegove prostorno - fizicke pojavnosti, pa pomeranje arhitekture u teorijsko i filozofsko polje, kao širi kontekst njenog eksperimentalnog i teorijskog delovanja, negira jasne granice između mišljenja, istraživanja i ostvarene forme. Shvaćena kao operativni sistem, proces i strategija izvan granica tipološih oblika, arhitektura pejzaža u ovom slučaju prestavlja eksperimentalnu i teorijsku platformu prelaska arhitekture u formu neposredne okoline, rezultirajući modelom ukroćene tj. stvorene topografije. Predmet rada je ispitivanje metodološkog postupka disperzije ili razgradnje objekta unutar prirodnog konteksta, koji u osnovi postaje ritam, sekvenca, kolizija, suprotnost, pa tako fizički okvir postaje preduslov za nastanak imaginarne granice. Osnovi istraživanja pripada dijalog između unutrašnjeg prostora kuće i okruženja, koji predstavlja oblikovni kod ili zapis gradacije unutar mreže arhitektonsih i prirodnih elemenata, dok nivelacione veze kao oblik i trag, materijalizuju specifičnu teksturu takvih relacija. Tkanje koje objedinjuje metodologiju, zapis i likovni kod, na taj način prelazi u prostorni izraz koji vezuje elemente u celinu, a u konačnom ishodu istkane arhitekture, raspoznaje se ljudska ruka ali i snažno usmeravanje od strane prirode. Reč je o postupku u kome je nastajanje arhitektonske forme samo zamrznuti momenat procesa, čime se otvara mogućnost za uspostavljanje relativne vrednosti same forme u odnosu na pejzaž iz kojeg je razvijena