Un examen de la portée de la littérature dans les premiers jours de la crise du COVID-19 : dormir en temps de crise

Au cours des premiers jours de la pandémie et dans le contexte d'une menace mondiale apparemment inconnue, plusieurs perturbateurs majeurs potentiels du sommeil ont été identifiés par des chercheurs et des praticiens du sommeil à travers le monde. La pandémie de COVID-19 a combiné plusieurs caractéristiques qui, prises individuellement, ont montré qu’elles affectaient négativement la santé du sommeil dans la population générale. Ces caractéristiques comprenaient le stress, les restrictions sur les interactions sociales en personne, ainsi que l'adversité financière. En conséquence, les chercheurs et les praticiens se sont précipités pour identifier des preuves qui pourraient être utilisées pour améliorer les politiques de santé publique et se sont inspirés des premières études COVID-19, des précédentes épidémies de maladies infectieuses, ainsi que de la littérature scientifique portant sur l'isolement social et l'adversité financière. Pour remédier à l'absence d'un résumé complet de la recherche sur le sommeil dans ces trois domaines distincts, je mène une revue systématique et qualitative de la littérature, en utilisant la version adaptée du cadre d'Arksey et O'Malley pour les examens de la portée. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons systématiquement examiné 16 959 résumés et nous nous sommes efforcés de « cartographier » et de résumer les preuves scientifiques pertinentes existantes disponibles en début 2020 sur la santé du sommeil dans le contexte de : 1) la COVID-19, les autres pandémies et/ou crises ; 2) l’isolation sociale, la solitude ou le confinement ; et 3) l'adversité économique ou financière. Des facteurs modérateurs potentiels tels que l'âge, le sexe, l'origine ethnique, le statut socio-économique, la prédisposition psychologique, la profession et d'autres circonstances personnelles dans ces 3 contextes ont également été inclus dans notre revue. Pour conclure, nous soulignons la nécessité de développer des interventions de santé publique qui favorisent la santé du sommeil et qui peuvent réduire l'impact potentiel des crises futures.During the early days of the pandemic and in the context of a seemingly unknown global threat, several potential major sleep disruptors were identified by sleep researchers and practitioners across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic combined several features that, individually, had been shown to negatively affect sleep health in the general population. Those features included stress, restrictions on in-person social interactions, as well as financial adversity. Accordingly, researchers and practitioners scrambled to identify evidence that could be used to inform public policy and drew on early COVID-19 studies, past infectious disease outbreaks, as well as from the scientific literature on social isolation and financial adversity. To address the lack of a comprehensive summary of sleep research across these three distinctive domains, I lead a systematic, qualitative review of the literature, using the adapted version of Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping reviews. Over the course of this work, we systematically screened 16,959 abstracts and we endeavored to “map” and summarize the existing relevant scientific evidence available in early 2020 on sleep health in the context of: 1) COVID-19, other pandemics and/or crises; 2) social isolation, loneliness or confinement; and 3) economic or financial adversity. Potential moderating factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, psychological predisposition, occupation and other personal circumstances across these 3 contexts were also included in our review. To conclude, we highlight the need to develop public health interventions that foster sleep health and that can lessen the potential impact of future crises

Current state of sleep-related performance optimization interventions for the E-sports industry

Abstract: The e-sports industry is rapidly expanding but despite industry growth, there are existing gaps in knowledge regarding holistic and pharmacological performance enhancement strategies. The current commentary focuses on the current state of performance intervention strategies that target sleep/wake and circadian timing systems. These performance intervention strategies are based on the current state of sleep/wake health and research portfolios of Army research laboratories. The intent is to provide a foundation for future research efforts directly targeting sleep/wake and circadian timing systems in order to optimize and enhance e-sports performance at both the individual and group levels

Seeded excitation avalanches in off-resonantly driven Rydberg gases

We report an experimental investigation of the facilitated excitation dynamics in off-resonantly driven Rydberg gases by separating the initial off-resonant excitation phase from the facilitation phase, in which successive facilitation events lead to excitation avalanches. We achieve this by creating a controlled number of initial seed excitations. Greater insight into the avalanche mechanism is obtained from an analysis of the full counting distributions. We also present simple mathematical models and numerical simulations of the excitation avalanches that agree well with our experimental results.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Sleep and quality of life in urban poverty : the effect of a slum housing upgrading program

Study Objectives : To evaluate the effect of a housing transition on sleep quality and quality of life in slum dwellers, participating in a slum housing upgrading program. Design : Observational before-and-after study with a convergent-parallel mixed method design. Setting : Five slums located in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Participants : A total of 150 slum dwellers benefited by a housing program of the nonprofit organization TECHO (spanish word for “roof”). Interventions : Participants moved from their very low-quality house to a basic prefabricated 18 m2 modular house provided by TECHO. Measurements and Results : The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered before and after housing upgrading. Data about housing conditions, income, education, sleeping conditions, and cardiovascular risk were also collected. Semistructured interviews were used to expand and nuance quantitative data obtained from a poorly educated sample. Results showed that sleep quality significantly increased after the housing program (z = -6.57, P < 0.001). Overall quality of life (z = -6.85, P < 0.001), physical health domain (z = -4.35, P < 0.001), psychological well-being domain (z = -3.72, P < 0.001) and environmental domain (z = -7.10, P < 0.001) of WHOQOL-BREF were also improved. Interviews demonstrated the importance of serenity for improving quality of life. Conclusions : A minimal improvement in the quality of basic housing can significantly increase sleep quality and quality of life among slum dwellers. Understanding sleep and daily life conditions in informal urban settlements could help to define what kind of low-cost intervention may improve sleep quality, quality of life, and reduce existent sleep disparity

Renal parenchymal resistance in patients with biopsy proven glomerulonephritis: correlation with histological findings

Renal Doppler ultrasound is increasingly used in nephrology for the evaluation of renovascular disease, allograft dysfunction, and chronic nephropathies. We compared intrarenal hemodynamic parameters to biopsy findings of glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, crescents, arteriolosclerosis, and clinical variables in 100 patients. A positive correlation exists between renal function and percentage of glomerular sclerosis (P &lt;0.01, r = 0.26), conversely a negative correlation exists between glomerular filtrate rate and percentage of glomerular sclerosis(P &lt;0.0001, r = -0.35). The percentage of glomerular sclerosis correlate positively with pulsatile index (PI) (P &lt;0.05, r = 0.21) and renal resistive index (RI) (P &lt;0.05, r = 0.20). The percentage of crescents correlates positively with PI(P &lt;0.05, r = 0.21) and RI (P &lt;0.05, r = 0.20). Classifying arteriolosclerosis in four groups according to a severity scale, from absence to severe, PI (P &lt;0.05) and RI (P &lt;0.01) were significantly different. In the post hoc analysis, the median values of PI and RI are significantly different in patients with severe arteriolosclerosis than others. Ultrasound examination is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used on patients with suspected or established renal disease. Our study shows a close correlation between kidney function, ultrasound parameters, and histological findings. Measurement of renal parenchymal resistance by ultrasound could be used in association with biopsy and glomerular function for the evaluation of renal damage in patients with glomerulonephritis

Sleep, napping and alertness during an overwintering mission at Belgrano II Argentine Antarctic station

During Antarctic isolation personnel are exposed to extreme photoperiods. A frequent observation is a sleep onset phase delay during winter. It is not known if, as a result, daytime sleeping in the form of naps increases. We sought to assess sleep patterns - with focus on daytime sleeping - and alertness in a Latin American crew overwintering in Argentine Antarctic station Belgrano II. Measurements were collected in 13 males during March, May, July, September and November, and included actigraphy and psychomotor vigilance tasks. Sleep duration significantly decreased during winter. A total of eight participants took at least one weekly nap across all measurement points. During winter, the nap onset was delayed, its duration increased and its efficiency improved. We observed a significant effect of seasonality in the association of evening alertness with sleep onset. Our results replicate previous findings regarding sleep during overwintering in Antarctica, adding the description of the role of napping and the report of a possible modulatory effect of seasonality in the relation between sleep and alertness. Napping should be considered as an important factor in the scheduling of activities of multicultural crews that participate in Antarctica.Fil: Folgueira, Agustín Leandro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Hospital Militar Central Cirujano Mayor "Dr. Cosme Argerich"; ArgentinaFil: Simonelli, Guido. Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research; Estados UnidosFil: Plano, Santiago Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Tortello, Camila. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Cuiuli, Juan Manuel. No especifíca;Fil: Blanchard, Abel. No especifíca;Fil: Patagua, Alejandro. No especifíca;Fil: Brager, Allison J.. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Estados UnidosFil: Capaldi, Vincent F.. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research; Estados UnidosFil: Aubert, André E.. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; BélgicaFil: Barbarito, Marta. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Golombek, Diego Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; Bélgica. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentin

Neighborhood Factors as Predictors of Poor Sleep in the Sueño Ancillary Study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

To evaluate whether an adverse neighborhood environment has higher prevalence of poor sleep in a US Hispanic/Latino population

Struttura sistemica, competitivita di prezzo e non di prezzo : criteri di analisi e risultati empirici

I fattori su cui si fonda la competitività internazionale di un sistema economico avanzato sono numerosi e complessi e vanno da fattori istituzionali e macroeconomici a fattori più strettamente settoriali o microeconomici. Dalle relazioni tra queste due categorie hanno origine spillover, innovativi e di efficienza, determinanti per le innovazioni di prodotto, la crescita dell'efficienza e della produttività, dunque per la competitività in generale. Il lavoro ha come obiettivo l'analisi e la verifica degli effetti strutturali di spillover sulla competitivita' di prezzo e non di prezzo

role of lcat in atherosclerosis

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the only enzyme capable of esterifying cholesterol in plasma, thus determining the maturation of high-density lipoproteins. Because it maintains an unesterified cholesterol gradient between peripheral cells and extracellular acceptors, for a long time, LCAT has been considered as a key enzyme in reverse cholesterol transport. However, despite the fact that it has been more than 50 years since the identification of LCAT, the role of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still debated. A number of studies have been conducted in different animal models, with contradictory results. Studies in humans, in particular in the general population, in subjects at high cardiovascular risk, and in carriers of genetic LCAT deficiency in an excellent model to evaluate the correlation between the reduction of LCAT activity and atherosclerosis also gave conflicting results. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the controversial findings obtained in animals and humans, strengthening the necessity of further investigation to establish how LCAT could be regulated in a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk