Promotion and growth diagrams for fans of Dyck paths and vacillating tableaux

We construct an injection from the set of $r$-fans of Dyck paths (resp. vacillation tableaux) of length $n$ into the set of chord diagrams on $[n]$ that intertwines promotion and rotation. This is done in two different ways, namely as fillings of promotion--evacuation diagrams and in terms of Fomin growth diagrams. Our analysis uses the fact that $r$-fans of Dyck paths and vacillating tableaux can be viewed as highest weight elements of weight zero in crystals of type $B_r$ and $C_r$, respectively, which in turn can be analyzed using virtual crystals. On the level of Fomin growth diagrams, the virtualization process corresponds to Krattenthaler's blow up construction. One of the motivations for finding rotation invariant diagrammatic bases such as chord diagrams is the cyclic sieving phenomenon. Indeed, we give a cyclic sieving phenomenon on $r$-fans of Dyck paths and vacillating tableaux using the promotion action.Comment: 40 pages, 13 figure

Du Mésolithique au Néolithique en Méditerranée occidentale: l’impact africain - MeNeMOIA

[EN] Between the 8th and 5th millennia BC, the human societies of the Western Mediterranean underwent several major changes. The first occurred during the 7th millennium with the appearance of the ‘Second Mesolithic’. It can be seen mainly in the material productions of these populations, in particular their stone tool industries, by a fundamental change in production, operating sequences and technical procedures. Deeper changes in the social organization of these societies are also perceptible, in particular through changes in rites and funeral practices. The precise origin of these changes escapes us at present, but they seem to occur initially in North Africa before spreading rapidly along the Mediterranean shores and reaching Western Europe. A second major upheaval took place a few centuries later, with the appearance of the Neolithic. In this extensive process, the southern shores of the Mediterranean should not be ignored. Recent data suggest that, during the 6th millennium before our era, human communities practicing hunting and gathering and having acquired ceramic technology, occupied parts of the Maghreb. Interactions with spheres of the Impresso / Cardial complex occurred in southern Italy and, at the other end, southern Spain. This seems to be indicated by some traits of the technical systems of the first Neolithic communities of Andalusia. These hypotheses should now be tested by close examination of timelines and technical systems which if confirmed may offer a possible alternative to the strictly European scenarios. The international program of research, MeNeMOIA, financed for 2016 and 2017, will attempt to estimate the importance of a North African impact on European societies of recent prehistory (Second Mesolithic, Early Neolithic), a scenario breaking with the traditional scenario which, since decolonization, has recognized in Europe only movements of east-west diffusion and completely ignored any that might indicate movement from the south northward (or from the north southward) on both shores of the western Mediterranean.[FR] Entre les viiie et ve millénaires avant notre ère, les sociétés humaines du Bassin occidental de la Méditerranée connaissent plusieurs évolutions majeures. La première d’entre elles se déroule durant le viie millénaire avec l’apparition du «Second Mésolithique». Elle se matérialise principalement dans les productions matérielles de ces populations, et notamment dans leurs industries lithiques par un bouleversement des modes de production, des séquences opératoires et des gestes techniques. Des évolutions plus profondes, dans l’organisation sociale même de ces sociétés, sont également sensibles, notamment au travers de l’évolution des rites et pratiques funéraires. L’origine précise de ces évolutions nous échappe encore actuellement, mais elles semblent se produire initialement en Afrique du Nord avant de diffuser ensuite le long des rivages méditerranéens de manière rapide, et gagner ensuite l’ensemble de l’Europe occidentale. Un second bouleversement majeur se déroule quelques siècles après le précédent, avec l’apparition du Néolithique. Dans ce vaste processus, les rives sud de la Méditerranée ne doivent pas être ignorées. De récentes données suggèrent en effet que, durant le vie millénaire avant notre ère, des communautés humaines pratiquant chasse et cueillette et ayant acquis la technologie céramique occupaient certaines parties du Maghreb. Des interactions avec les sphères du complexe Impresso / Cardial ont ainsi pu voir le jour dans le Sud italien et, à l’autre extrémité, dans le sud de l’Espagne. C’est d’ailleurs ce que semblent montrer certains caractères des systèmes techniques des premières communautés néolithiques d’Andalousie. Ces hypothèses qu’il faut désormais confirmer par la confrontation étroite des chronologies et des systèmes techniques offrent donc une alternative possible aux scénarios classiques strictement européens. Le programme international de recherche MeNeMOIA, financé par l’IDEX toulousain pour 2016 et 2017, va donc s’attacher à évaluer l’importance des impacts nord-africains sur les sociétés européennes de la Préhistoire récente (Second Mésolithique, Néolithique ancien), scénario rompant avec les schémas traditionnels qui, depuis la décolonisation, se cantonnent à ne reconnaitre en Europe que des mouvements de diffusion est-ouest et ignorent complètement ceux allant du sud vers le nord (ou du nord vers le sud) de part et d’autre du Bassin occidental de la Méditerranée.Peer Reviewe

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Clone

An increase in SSTIs suggests that USA300 is becoming more virulent with a greater propensity to cause SSTIs

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention