Trauma Informed Community Building Evaluation: A Formative Evaluation of the TICB Model and its Implementation in Potrero Hill

This formative evaluation of the TICB model and its implementation in the PTA public housing community was conducted between September 2014 and July 2015 by an evaluation team from the HOPE SF Learning Center. This evaluation was designed to support the further development of the TICB model as well as inform efforts to implement the model in Potrero Terrace and Annex and other communities. This evaluation seeks to examine the implementation and impact of the TICB model at PTA in order to: * Understand the impact of ongoing TICB-informed programming through analysis of outputs and outcomes prioritized by stakeholder partners [see Appendix A]. * Identify facilitators and barriers to implementation of the TICB model in community-building work within PTA and the surrounding Potrero Hill neighborhood. * Inform BRIDGE Housing's work to improve programming, and guide future program priorities and structures. * Generate information to better understand the impact of the financial investment in helping to build community with and between public housing residents and residents of the surrounding neighborhood. * Assess implications for replicability/reproducibility at other public housing communities, including the additional HOPE SF sites, and beyond

Where do uncertainties reside within environmental risk assessments? Expert opinion on uncertainty distributions for pesticide risks to surface water organisms

A reliable characterisation of uncertainties can aid uncertainty identification during environmental risk assessments (ERAs). However, typologies can be implemented inconsistently, causing uncertainties to go unidentified. We present an approach based on nine structured elicitations, in which subject-matter experts, for pesticide risks to surface water organisms, validate and assess three dimensions of uncertainty: its level (the severity of uncertainty, ranging from determinism to ignorance); nature (whether the uncertainty is epistemic or aleatory); and location (the data source or area in which the uncertainty arises). Risk characterisation contains the highest median levels of uncertainty, associated with estimating, aggregating and evaluating the magnitude of risks. Regarding the locations in which uncertainty is manifest, data uncertainty is dominant in problem formulation, exposure assessment and effects assessment. The comprehensive description of uncertainty described will enable risk analysts to prioritise the required phases, groups of tasks, or individual tasks within a risk analysis according to the highest levels of uncertainty, the potential for uncertainty to be reduced or quantified, or the types of location-based uncertainty, thus aiding uncertainty prioritisation during environmental risk assessments. In turn, it is expected to inform investment in uncertainty reduction or targeted risk management action

Delivering organisational adaptation through legislative mechanisms: Evidence from the Adaptation Reporting Power (Climate Change Act 2008)

There is increasing recognition that organisations, particularly in key infrastructure sectors, are potentially vulnerable to climate change and extreme weather events, and require organisational responses to ensure they are resilient and adaptive. However, detailed evidence of how adaptation is facilitated, implemented and reported, particularly through legislative mechanisms is lacking. The United Kingdom Climate Change Act (2008), introduced the Adaptation Reporting Power, enabling the Government to direct so-called reporting authorities to report their climate change risks and adaptation plans. We describe the authors' unique role and experience supporting the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) during the Adaptation Reporting Power's first round. An evaluation framework, used to review the adaptation reports, is presented alongside evidence on how the process provides new insights into adaptation activities and triggered organisational change in 78% of reporting authorities, including the embedding of climate risk and adaptation issues. The role of legislative mechanisms and risk-based approaches in driving and delivering adaptation is discussed alongside future research needs, including the development of organisational maturity models to determine resilient and well adapting organisations. The Adaptation Reporting Power process provides a basis for similar initiatives in other countries, although a clear engagement strategy to ensure buy-in to the process and research on its long-term legacy, including the potential merits of voluntary approaches, is required

Better by design: Business preferences for environmental regulatory reform

We present the preferences for environmental regulatory reform expressed by 30 UK businesses and industry bodies from 5 sectors. While five strongly preferred voluntary regulation, seven expressed doubts about its effectiveness, and 18 expressed no general preference between instrument types. Voluntary approaches were valued for flexibility and lower burdens, but direct regulation offered stability and a level playing field. Respondents sought regulatory frameworks that: are coherent; balance clarity, prescription and flexibility; are enabled by positive regulatory relationships; administratively efficient; targeted according to risk magnitude and character; evidence-based and that deliver long-term market stability for regulatees. Anticipated differences in performance between types of instrument can be undermined by poor implementation. Results underline the need for policy makers and regulators to tailor an effective mix of instruments for a given sector, and to overcome analytical, institutional and political barriers to greater coherence, to better coordinate existing instruments and tackle new environmental challenges as they emerge

The outcome of the follow-up of consolidations on chest radiographs in a Maltese population, presenting from the community, aged 50 or over : a retrospective study

Background: The British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) suggest a repeat chest radiograph 6 weeks after treatment for patients over the age of 50 to screen for lung malignancy. The benefit of this practice is not well determined. Method: We conducted a retrospective study involving patients from the community over 50 years old with consolidations on chest radiography. These patients presented in Mater Dei Hospital, Gozo General Hospital and Maltese Health Centres during the months of January 2013-2017 and August 2013-2016. The occurrence of follow-up imaging and subsequent diagnosis of lung malignancy was documented. All chest radiographs were reviewed by a radiologist. Results: 402 patients met our inclusion criteria. Follow-up imaging was done in 214 patients (53.2%) within 12 weeks. There was no statistical significance in the follow-up rates when matched for the presenting month, whether radiologists recommended repeat imaging, whether patients were admitted to hospital, and for the patients’ age and gender. The diagnostic yield of lung malignancy was 1.74% (7 patients) within 12 weeks with all malignancies being at an advanced stage at diagnosis (lowest stage being IIIA) when detected. All seven patients had a smoking history. Conclusion: 53.2% of community-acquired pneumonia patients over the age of 50 had follow-up imaging within 12 weeks. No clinical variables explaining this low rate could be identified. This practice results in a low diagnostic yield. Moreover, the diagnosis of lung malignancy is achieved at an advanced stage, making it a poor screening tool.peer-reviewe

Confluence and contours: reflexive management of environmental risk

Government institutions have responsibilities to distribute risk management funds meaningfully and to be accountable for their choices. We took a macro-level sociological approach to understanding the role of government in managing environmental risks, and insights from micro-level psychology to examine individual-level risk-related perceptions and beliefs. Survey data from 2,068 U.K. citizens showed that lay people's funding preferences were associated positively with beliefs about responsibility and trust, yet associations with perception varied depending on risk type. Moreover, there were risk-specific differences in the funding preferences of the lay sample and 29 policymakers. A laboratory-based study of 109 participants examined funding allocation in more detail through iterative presentation of expert information. Quantitative and qualitative data revealed a meso-level framework comprising three types of decisionmakers who varied in their willingness to change funding allocation preferences following expert information: adaptors, responders, and resistors. This research highlights the relevance of integrated theoretical approaches to understanding the policy process, and the benefits of reflexive dialogue to managing environmental risks.Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, EPSRC, NERC, ESR

Un coup de jeune pour les Archives d’État de Genève (AEG): mise en valeur des fonds pour les 7-8 HarmoS

Les archives d’État de Genève (AEG) relevaient dans leur rapport annuel de 2015 que la collaboration avec d’autres associations ou institutions pour la création d’événements améliorait leur visibilité et les faisait connaître à un public plus large que celui usuel (AEG 2016). Or, il est établi qu’il ne faut pas parler d’un unique public mais des publics. Cette institution a donc choisi, par le biais de ce travail, de mettre en avant un profil particulier encore souvent laissé pour compte dans la médiation culturelle archivistique, celui des scolaires. Encore faut-il savoir ce que définit la médiation culturelle. Pour cette étude, nous l’assimilerons au processus par lequel le spectateur ou le visiteur s’approprie une oeuvre et à la réaction, à la réflexion que l’objet présenté suscite. Cette « éducation » se fait soit suite à l’intervention d’un tiers, archiviste, médiateur ou enseignant, soit par le biais d’une médiation indirecte. Que ce soit la Belgique, le Canada (Québec), la France ou encore la Suisse, un dénominateur commun les réunit : la volonté d’ancrer ce nouveau concept dans la pratique. Elle est ainsi fortement usitée pour favoriser l’accès à la culture pour tous et se retrouve dans de nombreux domaines, comme la muséographie, l’art (théâtre, la musique, etc.) et même la bibliothéconomie. La médiation culturelle scolaire se retrouve également en archivistique, avec toutefois une forte disparité. La France représente l’État qui suscite le plus d’interactions entre élèves, archivistes ou enseignants-référents et documents. Ceci s’explique en grande partie par le soutien octroyé par le gouvernement pour la mise en place d’un service éducatif. Le Québec propose également quelques actions marquantes, comme le portefeuille archivistique. Enfin, la Belgique et la Suisse restent malheureusement encore fort peu accoutumées à de telles pratiques. Elles seront en effet laissées au bon vouloir des institutions qui souvent, faute d’un soutien étatique, ne peuvent se permettre d’y consacrer beaucoup de ressources humaines et financières. Enfin, pour répondre à la demande des AEG de concevoir une visite scolaire pour les 7-8 HarmoS, un livret-jeux a été élaboré. Ce dernier, mêlant théorie et divertissement, sera remis aux élèves lors de la séance en demi-classe. De plus, il s’est avéré recommandé de proposer aux classes une mallette pédagogique qui permette aux enfants de se familiariser avec l’archivistique et de préparer leur venue aux AEG. Elle contient au final un dossier pour l’enseignant avec quatre activités à proposer à la classe tournant autour de la généalogie, de la paléographie, de leur rôle en tant que créateurs d’archives et du classement

Scientific commentary: Strategic analysis of environmental policy risks-heat maps, risk futures and the character of environmental harm

We summarise our recent efforts on the policy level risk appraisal of environmental risks. These have necessitated working closely with policy teams and a requirement to maintain crisp and accessible messages for policy audiences. Our comparative analysis uses heat maps, supplemented with risk narratives, and employs the multidimensional character of risks to inform debates on the management of current residual risk and future threats. The policy research and ensuing analysis raises core issues about how comparative risk analyses are used by policy audiences, their validation and future developments that are discussed in the commentary below

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in adults: systematic review on population studies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common multifactorial skin disease occurring primarily in young children. AD has increased in prevalence over the past decades, but little knowledge exists on the prevalence of AD in adults. Herein, published estimates of the point-prevalence and one-year prevalence of AD in adults are reviewed in the context of various study characteristics such as the age and gender distribution of the populations, sampling methods, study design, and geographical area of origin. In total, 14 different population studies reporting the prevalence of AD in adults in 17 countries were identified. There was a substantial between-country variation in both the point-prevalence (1.6 to 11.5%) and one-year prevalence (2.2 to 17.6%) of AD with heterogeneity explained partly by gender, age, geography, study design, and diagnostic criteria

Le maraîchage périurbain à Yaoundé est-il un système de production localisé innovant ?

International audienceThe growth of the urban market in Africa leads to a multi-functional outer-urban agriculture and to a specialization on the fresh and perishable products. From the analysis chart which proposes the localized production systems, we try to understand how the structural characteristics and the functioning of the slums agriculture create opportunities and activate strategic resources. The results show how the geographical proximity bound to the city can facilitate the organizational and technical innovation.La croissance des marchés urbains en Afrique conduit à une multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture périurbaine et à une spécialisation sur les produits frais et périssables. En mobilisant le concept de système de production localisé, nous analysons en quoi les caractéristiques structurelles et le fonctionnement de l'agriculture de bas-fonds créent des opportunités et activent des ressources stratégiques. Les résultats montrent comment la proximité géographique liée à la ville peut favoriser l'innovation organisationnelle et technique