Antioxidant activity, phenolic content and fatty acid profile for seeds Physalis angulate L / Atividade antioxidante, teor de fenólicos e perfil de ácidos graxos de sementes da Physalis angulate L

Brazil has a large diversity of plants that have not been discovered, or have been little studied before their potential in treating various diseases. The Physalis angulata L., family Solanaceae is popularly known as "Winter Cherry", "camapum", "bag guy", among others, and is used in folk medicine for various treatments. This study were evaluated the antioxidant potential and phenols for leaves, fruit peels, and the chromatographic profile of fatty acids of the ground cherry seeds. For the determination of antioxidant potential was used the method free radical DPPH (0.004%) and rutin as positive standard. The phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciacalteu method. The profile of fatty acids of the seeds was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Through this evaluation gave significant results to test the antioxidant in leaves showing inhibition values of the 98.15%. However, the fruit pulp showed a percentage of 90.87% of antioxidants against the DPPH. For extracts of bark and fruits also yielded satisfactory results as the antioxidant potential. The fruit pulp was also rich in phenolic compounds having a contente of 113.18 mg GAE / mg extract. The chemical composition for the fatty acids present in seeds have a high content of linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) with 69.9%. Further studies should be conducted in relation to compounds present in Physalis angulata, so you can develop new products to benefit human health. 

CHIRAL ANALYSIS OF MONOTERPENES IN VOLATILE OILS FROM PROPOLIS

ABSTRACT The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from samples of propolis manufactured in three regions of Rio Grande do Sul State at Brazil, were analyzed through CG, CG-MS and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). These analyses display the presence of samples with elevated essential oil purport, when compared with plants. The yields obtained were until 3.8%. The samples exhibited similar composition, with predominance of the monoterpenes a-pinene (57-63%), b-pinene (12.5-30.8%) and limonene (1.5-11.2%). In chiral analysis of these constituents were observed modifications in the enantiomeric excess of isomers of a-pinene and limonene in relation with source location of the sample, already in the chiral analysis of b-pinene were detected only elevated excess of the enantiomer with the (-) configuration. The antimicrobial activity of the crude essential oil was assayed against five bacteria. The best result was obtained against Staphylococcus aureus

Chemical composition and allelophatic activity of essential oil from Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (araliaceae)

The volatile oil obtained from the leaves of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (Araliaceae) was analyzed by GC, Chiral-GC and GC-MS. It was identified 14 compounds and the monoterpene (+)-limonene (53.6%) and sesquiterpene γ-muurolene (10.5%) were the main components. The allelopathic effects of the oil were evaluated against two seeds, Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. The results show that the oil exhibited inhibition effects in the germination and seedling growth of plants species relative to the control

Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Antitumoral Activity of Leaf and Root Essential Oils of Conyza canadensis (Asteraceae)

The leaf and root oils of Conyza canadensis were studied for chemical composition and antitumor activity. The results showed that there is great variation in the composition of the oils obtained from different parts. The main components in the leaf oil were limonene, caryophyllene oxide and espatulenol. In the root oil the major component was the acetylenic ester lachnophyllum methyl ester. It was observed that according to the collection time (6 and 16 hours), significant variations in the content of the main components of this essential oil of leaves can occur. Limonene, spatulenol and caryophyllene oxide presented a distribution of 61% / 5.4% / 12.5% ​​and 38% / 10.7% / 22.3% in oils obtained from plants collected at 6 and 16 hours, respectively. The antitumor activity of the oils showed that leaf oil had a greater potential for inhibition, and this oil was distinguished by the activity against neoplastic cell lines K562 (leukemia) and NCI-ADR / RES (ovary with multidrug resistance phenotype ) with TGI values ​​of 16.8 and 19.0 mg.mL-1, respectively. Comparing the leaf oils and their tumor cell inhibition potentials, it was noted that this activity is higher in the oil with higher contents of monoterpene limonene. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i5.137

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Aeolanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng

The essential oils from leaves (sample A) and flowers (sample B) of Aeolanthus suaveolens Mart. ex Spreng were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC, GC-MS, and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Six compounds have been identified from the essential oils, representing ca 94.3 and 93% of the oils corresponding to samples A and B, respectively. The major constituents of samples A and B essential oils were respectively, linalool (34.2%/34.9%), (-)-massoialactone (25.9%/17.0%) and (E)-beta-farnesene (25.4%/29.1%). The enantiomeric distribution of the monoterpene linalool was established by analysis on heptakis- (6-O-methyl-2,3-di-O-pentyl)-beta-cyclodextrin capillary column. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from leaves and isolated compounds was also evaluated

IDENTIFICATION OF ADULTERANT AND ALCOHOL ROUTE IN BIODIESEL USING MID-INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

Mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze soybean oil, ethylic and methylic soybean biodiesel, and blends prepared with soybean oil mixed with biodiesel, in order to evaluate this method as an alternative to assess oil as impurities or adulterant in biodiesel. We also aimed to determine whether the biodiesel was prepared by the ethyl or methyl routes, by inspecting the infrared spectra. The C-O functional groups between 1100 and 1200 cm^-1 are different for oil and biodiesel, which allows them to be used to distinguish impurities (residual oil) in biofuel. The peak C-O-C at 1017 cm^-1 is characteristic for methylic biodiesel, and the peak O-C-C at 1035 cm^-1 for ethylic biodiesel. These vibrational modes can therefore be used to indicate the route used to prepare the biofuel. Results indicated that infrared spectroscopy is appropriate for monitoring the quality of biofuel for commercial sale