A educação das meninas a partir da boneca Barbie e seus padrões. The education of girls based on the Barbie Doll and its standards

Resenha/Review [ROVERI, Fernanda Theodoro. Barbie na educação de meninas: do rosa ao choque. São Paulo: Annablume, 2012. 134p.

BCL6 and LRF crosstalk in follicular lymphoma

B cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and Leukaemia/Lymphoma related factor (LRF) are Pokproteins over-expressed in some types of Non-Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma. BCL6 is located on chromosome 3 in the breakpoint affecting 3q27 band which is the most frequent translocation in Non-Hodgkin\u27s lymphomas. This gene is a transcriptional repressor whose principal effect is to thwart the response to DNA damage by directly inhibiting both p53 and the cell cycle inhibitor p21. In lymphoma cells BCL6 prevents apoptosis induced by DNA damage. LRF, encoded by the Zbtb7a gene, also known as Pokemon, is a transcriptional repressor involved in many cellular processes as viral infection, differentiation, inflammation and oncogenesis. LRF plays an important role as proto-oncogene in Non- Hodgkin\u27s lymphomas: LRF indirectly inhibits p53, by repressing p14/ARF with consequent activation of MDM2 followed by p53 degradation. LRF is often aberrantly over-expressed in association with BCL6 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL), the commonest types of Non- Hodgkin\u27s lymphomas. It has been demonstrated that microRNAs, a class of endogenous 22-25 nt single stranded RNA molecules, regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding with imperfect complementarity to specific regions of the 3\u27UTR of the target mRNA and act by repressing its translation. Recently miRNAs were shown to participate in the network of oncogenes and tumour suppressors, behaving either as tumour suppressors or as oncogenes, with the consequent implication of their potential use as novel anti tumourigenic drug. For these reason we investigated the role of miRNAs in the complex network connecting BCL6 and LRF in follicular lymphoma. Results In this work we focused our attention on the possible correlation between BCL6 and LRF in DOHH2 cells taking into consideration miRNAs which potentially link these two oncogenes. Using our data and data present in the literature, we reconstructed a hypothetical circuit connecting BCL6 and LRF. A negative feedback loop appears to link BCL6 to LRF, however in DLBCL and FL both genes are over expressed; these data strongly indicate that the negative feedback loop is bypassed in tumour cells to favour high proliferation rate. Different approaches were used to modulate the expression of BCL6 and LRF in Dohh2, a cell line derived from Follicular Lymphoma. A) Dohh2 cells were treated with etoposide, a chemotherapeutic agent that is able to reduce both BCL6 and LRF. Our results show that the reduction of BCL-6/LRF cells is followed by cell proliferation block and over-expression of miR-145, a tumour suppressor miRNA, under p53 control, which targets c-myc. Interestingly while c-myc was down regulated as expected, E2F1 resulted to be up regulated. B) To verify whether miR-145 could substitute for etoposide treatment miR-145 was transiently over expressed in Dohh2 cells. Although the network was influenced by miR-145 and both BCL6 and LRF were down regulated, no change in the proliferation rate of Dohh2 cells was found. Unexpectedly p53 was also markedly down regulated which could in part explain why cell proliferation was not inhibited notwithstanding BCL6/LRF decrease. C) In order to see the effect of a prolonged increase of miR-145, stably BCL6 silenced Dohh2 cells were used. In this case miR-145 was stably up regulated due to p53 increase and LRF was down regulated, yet again no effect on cell proliferation was observed. Our results clearly show that in the tumour Dohh2 cells BCL6 and LRF are always co-regulated (contrary to the hypothetical network); however their concomitant down regulation is not sufficient to determine cell proliferation block as cells appear to find a new equilibrium to counteract these anti-proliferative signals. We suggest that the down regulation of BCL6/LRF must be concomitant to the upregulation of the tumour suppressor p53 and the proto-oncogene E2F1 to influence the cell cycle and that miRNAs (such as miR-145 and miR-20) are part of these regulatory mechanisms

Immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts are resistant to miR-290-induced senescence regardless of p53 status

Immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts are resistant to miR-290-induced senescence regardless of p53 status. Physiol Genomics 43: 1153-1159, 2011. First published August 16, 2011; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00064.2011.-The prosenescence role of miR-290 and nocodazole has been documented in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), while it is not clear whether immortal murine fibroblasts are still responsive to these senescence inducing stimuli. To establish this point, immortal murine fibroblasts with functional (NIH3T3) or nonfunctional p53 (I-MEF) and low levels of miR-290 were tested for their capability to undergo senescence after exposure to either nocodazole or miR-290. Our results clearly indicate that nocodazole induces senescence only in NIH3T3 cells with a functional p53 but not in I-MEF lacking a functional p53. miR-290 overexpression is unable to address any of the tested immortalized clones toward senescence, regardless of the p53 status, suggesting that the prosenescence role of miR-290 is specific for primary but not for immortal murine fibroblasts. Moreover our findings suggest that the mere downregulation of a potential tumor suppressor miRNA in a given cell type does not necessarily imply that it behaves as a tumor suppressor

Low loss slow light propagation in silicon slot waveguide

Silicon slot waveguide Bragg gratings have been designed, fabricated and the experimental data has been analyzed for its slow light properties. Slow light with a group index of 12.38 at a wavelength near 1555 nm and having a low propagation loss of 5.1 dB/mm has been determined for internally corrugated slot waveguide Bragg gratings on a silicon-on-insulator platform. The combination of slow light and low propagation loss make the internally corrugated slot waveguide Bragg gratings especially attractive as a phase shifter section for low drive voltage, high speed and compact electro-optic modulators.Web of Science2718262172620

The factors influencing entrepreneurship in post-conflict regions: the case of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea

Post-conflict reconstruction and development is a challenge for many civil war-torn countries. The commonly used reconstruction and development strategies such as peace building provide temporary relief from the effects of war but fail to address the long-term issue of economic development of a country. Scholars are now recognising that entrepreneurship is the solution to sustainable post-conflict reconstruction and economic development. Local entrepreneurship provides employment opportunities, sustains livelihoods and reduces poverty. Most importantly entrepreneurship creates employment opportunities for ex-combatants’ reintegration into civil society. This research contributes to the literature on post-conflict reconstruction and development. It focuses on post-conflict Bougainville in Papua New Guinea. Entrepreneurs seem to be driving the economic reconstruction of post-conflict Bougainville. However, entrepreneurship and development seem to be occurring only in North Bougainville, while South Bougainville remains marginalised. In addition, many South Bougainvilleans entrepreneurs are migrating from their homes to North Bougainville in order to establish businesses. The study looks at the factors or motivation behind this phenomenon. The research used mixed methods research which consisted of a survey questionnaire for the quantitative component and in-depth interviews for its qualitative component. The survey questionnaire was conducted on a sample of Bougainville entrepreneurs, while the sample for the in-depth interviews comprised South Bougainville entrepreneurs. The research was conducted in the Buka and Kokopau towns of North Bougainville. Data from the survey questionnaire was analysed using SPSS. An inductive reasoning approach was used to analyse qualitative data for emerging themes. Analysis showed that market size, proximity to government services and transport infrastructure are some motivational factors attracting South Bougainvillean entrepreneurs to Buka and Kokopau. The result also shows ‘push factors’. The lack of employment opportunities is pushing people into entrepreneurship. Security is also shown to be important factor in determining the business location. The main constraint businesses face is lack of funds or access to funding. Another problem for the Bougainville-owned retail businesses is the Chinese-owned shops whose cheaper prices are driving the Bougainvilleans out of business. In conclusion, the research emphasises that in order to encourage entrepreneurship the following factors need to be addressed: building transport infrastructure; establishing security; and providing funding. Future research needs to focus on how to stimulate entrepreneurship in South Bougainville

A primeira-dama Maria Thereza Goulart e o costureiro Dener: a valorização da moda nacional nos anos 1960 * The first lady Maria Thereza Goulart and couturier Dener: the valorization of national fashion in the 1960s

As transformações na cultura das aparências dos anos 1960 são examinadas por meio da primeira-dama Maria Thereza Goulart e do costureiro Dener Pamplona de Abreu. Na abordagem, os documentos memorialísticos e da imprensa, em específico, uma edição da Revista Manchete de 1963, possibilitou dimensionar os processos sociais, culturais e políticos envolvidos na criação da moda brasileira. Evidenciamos, assim, como a relação entre os dois personagens, mediada pelas roupas da alta-costura, produziam sentidos para a moda nacional e faziam emergir padrões estéticos que influenciavam os segmentos femininos a valorizarem a beleza e a elegância dos corpos e das roupas “à brasileira”

Valor nutricional da massa de forragem de leguminosas e gramíneas em consorciação

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of mixtures, simple and com-plex, between legumes and grasses by production measurements of herbage mass, nutri-tional composition and balance between readily-available energy and protein. Two ex-periments were carried out at two locations Lévis and Normandin. The objective of the first experiment was todetermine the best combination of a single grass species and one of the legume species. Six grass species, timothy (Phleum pratense L.), Kentucky blue-grass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass (Dac-tylis glomerata L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roemer&J.A. Schultes), and meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.) were seeded with one of three leg-ume species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) at two sites. Carbohydrate and protein fractions us-ing the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system along with other nutritive value at-tributes and dry matter (DM) yield were determined at the two first harvests of the first production year. Grass and legume species in the mixture significantly affected most attributes. Alfalfa mixtures had greater ratios of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) to crude protein (CP) and carbohydrate fractions A+B1 to protein fractions A+B1 also had greater acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) concentrations, and lower in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (dNDF), and in vitro true DM di-gestibility (IVTD) than the average of the three legume species with similar DM yield. Mixtures with meadow fescue and tall fescue had greater WSC/CP ratio, DM yield, and ADF and NDF concentrations than the average of the six grass species. Mixtures of meadow fescue with any of the three legume species generally had the best combination of high ratios of WSC/CP and DM yield. The alfalfa and meadow fescue mixture had numerically the best WSC/CP ratio (0.70), the highest DM yield but low average IVTD. The objective of the second experiment was compare four grass mixtures combined with two forage legumes ( grazing type alfalfa, A, Medicago sativa L. cv. CRS1001) or birdsfoot trefoil, B, Lotus corniculatus L. cv. AC Langille). The grass mixtures used were: 1)timothy, meadow fescue, reed canarygrass and Kentucky bleugrass; 2)Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, orchardgrass and meadow brome; 3) meadow fescue, timothy and Kentucky bluegrass; 4) reed canarygrass, Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue and Meadow brome. The eight forage mixtures were seeded at two sites with legume species as main plots and grass species mix as subplots. Data were averaged across the two sites and the two first harvests of the first production year and analysed by ANOVA followed by a principal component analysis. Alfalfa-based mixtures had greater ADF, NDF, and TC concentrations, greater WSC/CP and (CA+CB1)/(PA+PB1) ratios, and lower concentra-tions of TN and PA than the average of the eight complex mixtures. The grass species mixes with meadow fescue had the greater DM yield compared to the average of the eight complex mixtures. The MfTiKb grass species mix had a lower ADF concentration and greater dNDF and IVTD, whereas the TiMfRcKb grass species mix had greater WSC/CP and CB1+CA/PB1+PA ratios than the average of the eight complex mixtures. The ATiMfRcKb complex mixture had the greatest WSC/CP ratio. The complex mix-tures with alfalfa and meadow fescue had the best energy/protein ratio and DM yield. Mixtures of meadow fescue with alfalfa, white clover, or birdsfoot trefoil generally pro-vided the best combination of a high energy/protein ratio, high DM yield, and good di-gestibility. The mixture of alfalfa with meadow fescue had the best energy/protein bal-ance and DM yield but a low average digestibility. The TiMfRcKb grass species mix provided the combination of high readily-available energy to protein balance and high DM yield. The complex mixtures with alfalfa and meadow fescue had the best readily- available energy to protein ratio and DM yield. These results from the first two harvests of the first production year provide useful and novel information on the desired species composition of binary mixtures that combine energy to protein ratio and DM.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de misturas, simples e complexas, entre leguminosas e gramíneas por meio de medidas de produção de massa de forragem, da composição nutricional e do balanço entre energia prontamente disponível e proteína. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em duas localidades Lévis e Normandin, QC-Canadá. O objetivo do primeiro experimento foi determinar a melhor combinação entre misturas de uma espécie de gramínea com uma espécie de leguminosa. Seis espécies de gramíneas, timothy (Phleum pratense L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roemer&J.A. Schultes), e meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.) foram semeadas com cada uma das três espécies de leguminosas alfafa (Medicago Sativa L.), trevo branco (Trifolium repens L.) e cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.) em dois sítios. Foi determinado a produção de massa de forragem e as frações de carboidratos e proteínas, juntamente com outros atributos de valor nutricional nas duas primeiras colheitas do primeiro ano de produção. As espécies de gramíneas e leguminosas influenciaram significativamente a maioria das variáveis avaliadas. Misturas com alfafa apresentaram maior relação de carboidratos solúveis e proteína bruta (CS/PB), assim como maior relação da soma das frações de carboidrato A+B1e a soma das frações de proteína A+B1. Porém misturas com alfafa também apresentaram as maiores concentrações de FDA e FDN, a mais baixa digestibilidade da FDN e a mais baixa digestibilidade verdadeira que a média das três leguminosas, com similar produção de MS. Misturas com Festuca elatior e Festuca arundinacea tiveram as maiores taxas de CS/PB, produção de MS e concentrações de FDA e FDN que a média das seis espécies de gramíneas. Misturas de Festuca elatior com qualquer uma das três espécies de leguminosas tiveram a melhor combinação de altas taxas de CS/PB e produção de MS. A mistura de alfafa com Festuca elatior mostrou alta relação CS/PB (0.70), e a maior produção de MS, porém com digestibilidade abaixo da média. O objetivo do segundo experimento foi comparar quatro misturas de espécies de gramíneas combinadas com duas espécies de leguminosas (alfafa Medicago sativa L. cv. CRS1001) ou Cornichão Lotus corniculatus L. cv. AC Langille). As quatro misturas de gramíneas foram: 1) timóteo, Festuca elatior, falaris and Poa pratensis ; 2) Poa pratensis , Festuca elatior, Dactylis e Bromus ; 3) Festuca elatior, timóteo and Poa pratensis ; 4) Falaris, Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass, Festuca arundinacea and Bromus. As oito misturas de forragens foram semeadas em dois sítios experimentais, em que as leguminosas formavam as parcelas principais e as misturas de gramíneas as subparcelas. As misturas baseadas em alfalfa tiveram as maiores concentrações de FDA, FDN e carboidratos totais, maiores taxas de CS/PB e (CA+CB1)/(PA+PB1) e as mais baixas concentrações de nitrogenio total e fração A da proteína (PA) que a média das oito misturas complexas. As misturas com Festuca elatior apresentaram maior produção de MS comparada a média das oito misturas complexas. O mix de espécies de gramínea Festuca elatior, timóteo e Poa pratensis (MfTiKb) teve a mais baixa concentração de FDA e as maiores dNDF and IVTD, enquanto o mix timóteo, Festuca elatior, falaris e Poa pratensis (TiMfRcKb) teve as maiores taxas de CS/PB e CB1+CA/PB1+PA que a média das oito misturas complexas. A mistura complexa de alfafa com timóteo, Festuca elatior , falaris e Poa pratensis (ATiMfRcKb) teve a maior taxa de CS/PB. As misturas complexas com alfafa e meadow fescue tiveram as melhores taxas de CS/PB e as maiores produções de MS. Misturas de Festuca elatior com alfafa, trevo branco ou cornichão geralmente providenciaram a melhor combinação de balanço energia proteína, produção de MS e digestibilidade. A mistura de alfafa com Festuca elatior apresentou o melhor balanço energia prontamente disponível e proteína e a melhor produção de MS, no entanto apresentou baixa digestibilidade. O mix de espécies de gramínea composto por timóteo, Festuca elatior , falaris e Poa pratensis (TiMfRcKb) providenciou a combinação da taxa mais alta do balanço entre energia prontamente disponível e proteína e alta produção de MS. Complexas misturas com alfafa e Festuca elatior tiveram a melhor taxa energia/proteína e melhor produção de MS. Os resultados das duas primeiras colheitas da produção do primeiro ano providenciaram usuais e originais informações sobre a composição desejada das espécies das misturas, que combinam relação entre energia e proteína e produtividade de MS.xx, 81

Using the Autopilot pattern to deploy container resources at a WLCG Tier-2

Containers are becoming ubiquitous within the WLCG, with CMS announcing a requirement for its sites to provide Singularity during 2018. The ubiquity of containers means it is now possible to reify the combination of an application and its configuration into a single easy-to-deploy unit, avoiding the need to make use of a myriad of configuration management tools such as Puppet, Ansible or Salt. This allows use to be made of industry-standard devops techniques within the operations domain, such as Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD), which can lead to faster upgrades and greater system security. One interesting technique is the Autopilot pattern, which provides mechanisms for application life-cycle management which are accessible from within the container itself. Using modern service discovery techniques, each container manages its own configuration, monitors its own health, and adapts to changing requirements through the use of event triggers. In this paper, we expand on previous work to create and deploy resources to a WLCG Tier-2 via containers, and investigate the viability of using the Autopilot pattern at a WLCG site to deploy and manage computational resources