EXPRESSÃO DA FERTILIDADE DE GEMAS DA VIDEIRA EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE PODA E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

The culture treatment applied in the grapevine interferes in vegetative and reproductive growth of new grapevine branches.The period of pruning and doses of nitrogen fertilizer before of natural sprout can modify the vegetative growth and the expression of fertility of grapevine’s buds. The objective of this work was to evaluate this expression in function of different periods of pruning and doses of nitrogen. The technical of pruning utilized in ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevines was the short hibernal pruning, where two buds were left in the branches (basal and apical), realized in three differents period (early, intermediate and later), associated with nitrogen fertilizer with 0, 50 and 100 g of N per plant. The number of bunch per bud, percentage of damaged buds, percentage of dormant buds, percentage of inhibition of buds fertility and vigor of new branches were evaluated. The real fertility was evaluated in laboratory and compared with the fertility express in field. The best expression of buds fertility occurred with the intermediated pruning without fertilizer and early pruning with 50 g N per plant for the production of bunch in branches originated from the basal bud of the prunned branch. The later pruning with 100 g of N per plant stimulated the production of bunch in branches originated from the apical bud of the prunned branch.Os tratos culturais aplicados ao vinhedo interferem no crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo de ramos novos da videira. Aépoca de poda e a dose de nitrogênio aplicada antes da brotação natural podem modificar o crescimento vegetativo e a expressão dafertilidade de gemas da videira. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar essa expressão em função de diferentes épocas de poda edoses de nitrogênio. Foi realizada a poda curta hibernal em videiras da cultivar Niagara Rosada, deixando-se nos ramos duas gemas(basal e apical), em três épocas diferentes (precoce, intermediária e tardia), associadas a adubações nitrogenadas com 0, 50 e 100 g de N por planta. Foram avaliados o número de cachos por gema, percentagem de gemas danificadas, percentagem de gemas dormentes, percentagem de inibição de fertilidade de gemas e vigor de ramos novos. O levantamento da fertilidade real foi realizado em laboratório, comparando-se assim com a fertilidade expressa a campo. Para a melhor expressão da fertilidade de gemas verificou-se que a poda intermediária sem adubação nitrogenada e a poda precoce com adubação nitrogenada de 50 g de N por planta estimulou a produção decachos em ramos oriundos da gema basal do ramo podado. A poda tardia com adubação nitrogenada de 100 g de N por plantaestimulou a produção de cachos em ramos oriundos da gema apical do ramo podado

Geology of the Mafic-Ultramafic Mata Grande Complex, São Sepé, RS

O Complexo Máfico-Ultramáfico Mata Grande, localizado no município de São Sepé, porção NW do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense, é uma intrusão acamadada com cerca de 5 km2 que mantém contatos por meio de falhas normais com gnaisses do Complexo Cambaí ao SW, com os xistos magnesianos e serpentinitos do Complexo Arroio Lajeadinho a SE e com as rochas sedimentares da Bacia do Paraná a N. Neste trabalho foram descritas três unidades de rochas cumuláticas: Unidade Máfica (UM), Unidade Ultramá- fica (UUM) e Unidade Transicional (UT). A principal estrutura primária identificada nessas unidades é um acamamento composicional/textural milimétrico a centimétrico e uma intercalação de camadas em escalas de afloramento e regional. As rochas da UM cristalizaram a partir da acumulação de cristais de plagioclásio e, em menor proporção, de olivina, além de fases minerais intercúmulus, que representam de 24 % a 41 % de líquido intersticial aprisionado nesta acumulação. Na UT, a acumulação de plagioclásio e olivina ocorreu em proporções muito próximas, com uma menor proporção do líquido aprisionado (cerca de 15 %). As amostras da UUM evidenciam uma acumulação principal de olivina com plagioclásio intercúmulus mais uma proporção do líquido intersticial (20 %). Todas as unidades do Complexo Mata Grande são afetadas pelo metamorfismo de contato causado pelo Granito São Sepé, sob condições de temperatura equivalentes às das fácies albita-epidoto hornfels e hornblenda hornfels. Feições de deformação subsolidus indicam um processo de compactação durante a fase final de cristalização e resfriamento.The Mata Grande Mafic-Ultramafic Complex (MGC), located in São Sepé municipality, NW portion of the Sul-rio-grandense Shield, is a 5 km2 layered intrusion bounded by normal faults southwest with the gneisses of the Cambaí Complex, southeast with magnesian schists and serpentinites of the Arroio Lajeadinho Complex and in north with the sedimentary rocks of the Paraná Basin. Three rock unities of cumulates are described in this paper: Mafic Unit (MU), Ultramafic Unit (UMU) and Transicional Unit (TU). The preserved primary structures are a compositional/textural millimetric to centimetric layering and an outcrop-scale or regional intercalation. The MU rocks crystallized from an accumulation of plagioclase crystals and, in less proportion, olivine crystals, and also from intercumulus phases, representing 24 % - 41 % of the interstitial trapped liquid in the accumulation. In TU, plagioclase and olivine accumulation occurred in very close proportions, with less trapped liquid proportion (~ 15 %). The UMU samples show olivine principal accumulation, intercumulus plagioclase and trapped liquid (20 %). All MGC units are affected by contact metamorphism caused by the São Sepé Granite, under albite-epidote hornfels and hornblende hornfels temperature conditions. The subsolidus deformation features indicate a compaction process during the stages of final crystallization and cooling

Frequency-coded patterns of sympathetic vasomotor activity are differentially evoked by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the Goldblatt hypertension model

IntroductionThe paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains premotor neurons involved in the control of sympathetic vasomotor activity. It is known that the stimulation of specific areas of the PVN can lead to distinct response patterns at different target territories. The underlying mechanisms, however, are still unclear. Recent evidence from sympathetic nerve recording suggests that relevant information is coded in the power distribution of the signal along the frequency range. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that the PVN is capable of organizing specific spectral patterns of sympathetic vasomotor activation to distinct territories in both normal and hypertensive animals.MethodsTo test it, we investigated the territorially differential changes in the frequency parameters of the renal and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA and sSNA, respectively), before and after disinhibition of the PVN by bicuculline microinjection. Subjects were control and Goldblatt rats, a sympathetic overactivity-characterized model of neurogenic hypertension (2K1C). Additionally, considering the importance of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1) in the sympathetic responses triggered by bicuculline in the PVN, we also investigated the impact of angiotensin AT1 receptors blockade in the spectral features of the rSNA and sSNA activity.ResultsThe results revealed that each nerve activity (renal and splanchnic) presents its own electrophysiological pattern of frequency-coded rhythm in each group (control, 2K1C, and 2K1C treated with AT1 antagonist losartan) in basal condition and after bicuculline microinjection, but with no significant differences regarding total power comparison among groups. Additionally, the losartan 2K1C treated group showed no decrease in the hypertensive response triggered by bicuculline when compared to the non-treated 2K1C group. However, their spectral patterns of sympathetic nerve activity were different from the other two groups (control and 2K1C), suggesting that the blockade of AT1 receptors does not totally recover the basal levels of neither the autonomic responses nor the electrophysiological patterns in Goldblatt rats, but act on their spectral frequency distribution.DiscussionThe results suggest that the differential responses evoked by the PVN were preferentially coded in frequency, but not in the global power of the vasomotor sympathetic responses, indicating that the PVN is able to independently control the frequency and the power of sympathetic discharges to different territories

Insertion of the copper IUD (TCu 380A) in the immediate postpartum: A study in young women in the Brazilian Amazon

Objective: To evaluate the insertion of the Copper IUD (TCu 380A) in young women, side effects and users\u27 degree of satisfaction with the method. The research site is the municipal public maternity hospital of Porto Velho, located in the state of Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon. Methodology: Standardized questionnaire with the following variables: Identification and address; Weight; PA; Consultation: Puerperal (3) months, (6) months, (9) months, (others); Pathological antecedents; Obstetric History: Gesta, Pará, Abt; Date of IUD insertion; Delivery type; Side Effects: (Pelvic pain), (Dysmenorrhea), (Dyspaurenia), (Hypermenorrhea), (Metrorrhea), (Anamia), (Other); Ultrasonography: Conduct. Results: In the year 2021, 1,463 parturients aged 15 to 25 years were seen at the maternity hospital, of these 982 (67.12%) had vaginal deliveries and 481 (32.88%) had cesarean deliveries). Of the 982 women who had vaginal deliveries, 312 (31.77%) underwent IUD insertion in the immediate postpartum (postplacental) period. Of the 982 women in the age group who had cesarean deliveries, 161 (33.47%) opted for IUD insertion after placental delivery. From the ultrasound examinations, it was observed that the IUDs were poorly positioned in 114 (11.60%) of those inserted in the vaginal puerperium and in 19 (4.57%) of those inserted by cesarean section after placental delivery. The main side effect in the first days of use, still in the puerperium, was pelvic pain in 20.36% of all IUDs inserted postpartum (vaginal and cesarean), in the third month the most common complaint was dysmenorrhea in 24 .47%. In the sixth month of use, dysmenorrhea (22%) was predominant, followed by hypermenorrhea (19.75%), and after the sixth month of use, dysmenorrhea (12.30%) was followed by hypermenorrhea (10.66%) as the most reported complaints. Conclusion: In regions such as the Brazilian Amazon, with high rates of unintended pregnancy in young women and consequently with complications of short interpregnancy intervals, long-term contraceptive methods (LARCs) offered in the puerperium are an option to be considered to reduce maternal mortality due to pregnancy

A influência do uso e ocupação do solo na qualidade ambiental do igarapé do Urumarí, Santarém (PA) / The influence of land use and occupation on the environmental quality of the Urumarí stream, Santarém (PA)

A preservação dos recursos naturais é imprescindível, devendo manter-se em equilíbrio com um crescimento urbano, de forma reduzir os impactos dessa expansão, que geralmente ocorre de forma desordenada. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica do uso e ocupação do solo e verificar sistemicamente qual influência que os processos de urbanização exercem na qualidade ambiental de um igarapé urbano. O presente estudo consistiu na análise de variáveis físico-químicas em 7 pontos de coletas ao longo da microbacia do igarapé Urumarí no município de Santarém - PA. Os valores foram classificados segundo a Resolução 357 do Conama, com o IQA-Cetesb e de técnicas de SIG, além da aplicação de questionários para avaliação de qualidade socioambiental. Nos pontos analisados principalmente no período não chuvoso verificamos que ocorreu uma degradação em sua qualidade, confirmadas através das análises físico-químicas e pelo índice de qualidade de água - IQA. Os resultados da aplicação de questionários demonstram predominância de vegetação secundária e alagamentos de residências devido a remoção dessa vegetação. De acordo com análises de SIG observou-se que o processo de urbanização causa consequências na elevação da temperatura da região. Dessa forma podemos concluir que o uso e ocupação do solo tem influência negativa na qualidade ambiental da microbacia

Levels of organochlorine contaminants in natural bovine milk marketed in Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra, Brazil

Analyzing the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) content in milk is relevantbecause it helps evaluate the quality of milk that reaches the consumer's table and also helps identify the geographical areas where there is a high possibility of contamination. Accordingly,thispilot project was aimed at determining the extent of contamination by OCP residues and their metabolites in fresh cow's milk in Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra, Pará, using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The OCPs evaluated in this study weredichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (α, β, γ, and δ), endosulfanα and β, andendosulfansulfate. None of the thirty bovine milk samples analyzedshowed any contamination with OCPs.TheOCP content was within the limit of quantification of the method. The results of this study add to the existing knowledge on the quality ofbovine milk produced in these locations. However, further researchon other environmental matricesis required to confirm the results obtained in this study

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life