Pregnancy-Specific Stress during the First Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing Face-to-Face versus Online Recruitment

The study aims to assess pregnancy-specific stress among pregnant women in Spain during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two samples of pregnant women from the south of Spain (Andalusia) were assessed using the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ) and a sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire. Group 1 (N = 155) was recruited face-to-face, whereas Group 2 (N = 78) was recruited online. Pregnancy-specific stress levels were significantly different in both groups. The face-to-face group (Group 1) had higher pregnancy-specific stress levels than the online group (Group 2). The online sample over-represents young adult pregnant women with high education levels and a high number of previous miscarriages. The face-to-face study seems more accessible to racially and ethnically diverse groups. The main concern among both groups was the risk of having a sick neonate. Research during the COVID-19 pandemic can benefit from using online resources to collect data to screen and identify perinatal mental health problems in a crisis environment. Nevertheless, researchers should be aware of the potential limitations this strategy can have, for example, certain groups of people may have limited access to the internet

Proyecto reproductivo y derechos sexuales de las mujeres inmigrantes en la Comunidad Valenciana

Esta investigación forma parte del proyecto “Fecundidad, Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de las mujeres inmigrantes en la Comunidad Valenciana”, ayudas para la realización de Proyectos I+D+i para equipos de investigación emergentes GV/2007/170. Como tal, pretende debatir sobre la importancia del proyecto reproductivo en el estudio de la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres inmigrantes. Se compone de tres partes. En la primera de ellas se abordan los conceptos relacionados con la salud sexual y reproductiva, así como el proyecto reproductivo y su importancia en el seno del proyecto migratorio y vital en general. En la segunda, abordamos la descripción de la salud reproductiva a través de varios indicadores de estructura de edad fértil, de fecundidad y de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Por último, en la tercera, se analiza, a través de los discursos de las mujeres inmigrantes, el proyecto reproductivo y su relación con el proyecto migratorio. Con todo ello pretendemos dar cuenta del punto de vista de este colectivo y separarnos de las visiones más etnocéntricas para así interpretar, entre otras cosas, hasta qué punto son satisfechos los proyectos reproductivos

La Evaluación de Competencias en el marco de la implantación de los nuevos grados. La experiencia educativa del uso de la Técnica Póster

Introduction. The European Higher Education Area requires implementing a teaching model centered on socio-constructivist principles of teaching and learning methodologies. Based on this, we analyze the effectiveness of the poster technique as a tool for learning and assessment of the acquisition of content and skills in the course of Psychology of Motivation and Emotion. Specifically, we evaluated the educational advantages offered by the preparation of a scientific poster for the acquisition of theoretical and practical content, and the development of cognitive, social and communicative skills. Methodology. 115 students on the 2nd Year University of Valencia Psychology Degree participated in this study. The students produced a scientific poster and then presented it in class. Subsequently, they completed a questionnaire to assess their perception of the effectiveness of the poster technique for their acquisition of skills. This data was compared with their grades and their assessment of the teacher and the subject

Case studies for Social Transformation through Occupation

Sarah Kantartzis - ORCID 0000-0001-5191-015X https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5191-015XWith the financial support of the European Network of Occupational Therapy in Higher Education (ENOTHE) as part of the work of the project group Social Transformation through Occupation

Risk of Child Poverty and Social Exclusion in two Spanish Regions: Social and Family Determinants

Objective: Describe the risk of poverty and social exclusion in children aged 8-11 years from Gipuzkoa and Valencia (Spain), through AROPE (At Risk Of Poverty or Social Exclusion) indicators, and evaluate their associated factors in the INMA Project (Childhood and Environment). Method: Families in Gipuzkoa and Valencia (394 and 382, respectively) completed a questionnaire in 2015-2016. Low work intensity (LWI), at risk of poverty (RP) and material deprivation (MD) were estimated. AROPE consisted in meeting any of the previous sub-indicators. Socio-demographic, family and parental characteristics were considered. Frequencies, Venn's diagrams, and chi-square and Fisher tests were used in bivariate analysis and logistic regression in multivariate analysis. Results: For LWI, RP, MD and AROPE, prevalence of 2.5%, 5.6%, 2.3% and 7.2% were obtained in Gipuzkoa, and 8.1%, 31.5%, 7.8% and 34.7% in Valencia, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the AROPE was associated in both areas with maternal social class and non-nuclear families. In Gipuzkoa, it was also related to maternal education. In Valencia, other factors were the mother's foreign origin, and paternal education and smoking. Conclusion: There is higher AROPE prevalence in Valencia. Social class and family type were shared factors, but a differential pattern is observed in other social determinants. It is essential to implement social policies to reduce this axis of inequalities in health, especially in childhood.This study was funded by Grants from European Union (FP7ENV-201 1 code 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1), Spain: Institute de Salud Carlos 111 (ISCIII) (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041; FISFEDER: P103/1615, P104/1509, PI04/1112, P104/1931, P105/1079, P105/1052, P106/0867, P106/1213, P107/0314, P109/00090, P109/02647, P111/01007, P111/02591, P111/02038, P113/1944, Pll 3/2032, P11 3/02187, P114/00891, P114/01687, PI16/1288, and PI17/00663), Generalitat Valenciana: Fundacion para el Fomento de la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Piablica (CIBERESP), Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089 and 2015111065), and the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DEG08/001 and DEG15/221) and annual agreements with the municipalities of thc study area (Zumarraga, Urrctxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain)

Poverty, social exclusion, and mental health: the role of the family context in children aged 7–11 years INMA mother-and-child cohort study

Mental health problems are common in childhood and tend to be more frequent in populations at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE). The family environment can play a role in reducing the impact of economic hardship on these problems. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of multidimensional poverty on the mental health of children aged 7–11 years and the role of the family environment in two areas of Spain. Participants were 395 and 382 children aged 7 and 11 from Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. Internalizing and externalizing problem scales of the child behaviour checklist (CBCL) were used. AROPE indicators were obtained by questionnaire, and three dimensions of the family context (Organization of the Physical Environment and Social Context, Parental Stress and Conflict, and Parental Profile Fostering Development) were measured through subscales 3, 4 and 5 of the Haezi-Etxadi family assessment scale (7–11) (HEFAS 7–11), respectively. Data were analysed using negative binomial regression and Structural Equation Modelling. AROPE prevalence was 7.1 and 34.5% in Gipuzkoa and Valencia, respectively. In both cohorts, there was a significant increase in internalizing and externalizing problems among participants with a higher AROPE score. However, AROPE did not affect internalizing problems in children from families living in a better physical environment and with social support (Subscale 3). The AROPE effect was jointly mediated by subscales 4 and 5 in 42 and 62% of internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. Preventing economic inequities by economic compensation policies, improving the neighbourhood and immediate environment around the school, and promoting positive parenting programmes can improve mental health in childhood.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was funded by Grants from the European Union (FP7-ENV-2011 code 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1), Spain Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041, FIS-FEDER PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/0867, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/00090, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI13/02187, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI17/00663, and PI19/01338), Generalitat Valenciana Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089 and 2015111065), and the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001 and DFG15/221) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia, Azpeitia, and Beasain)

Targeting antitumoral proteins to breast cancer by local administration of functional inclusion bodies

Biofabrication; Cancer therapy; Functional amyloidsBiofabricación; Terapia contra el cáncer; Amiloides funcionalesBiofabricació; Teràpia contra el càncer; Amiloides funcionalsTwo structurally and functionally unrelated proteins, namely Omomyc and p31, are engineered as CD44-targeted inclusion bodies produced in recombinant bacteria. In this unusual particulate form, both types of protein materials selectively penetrate and kill CD44+ tumor cells in culture, and upon local administration, promote destruction of tumoral tissue in orthotropic mouse models of human breast cancer. These findings support the concept of bacterial inclusion bodies as versatile protein materials suitable for application in chronic diseases that, like cancer, can benefit from a local slow release of therapeutic proteins.This study has been supported by La Fundacio Marato TV3 and NanoCanTri (CIBER-BBN) to E.V. and I.A., and partially by ISCIII (PI15/00272 and PI1702242 co-founded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), to E.V. and S.S., respectively), and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and FEDER (BIO2016-76063-R, AEI/FEDER, UE), AGAUR (2017SGR-229) and CIBER-BBN (VENOM4CANCER) granted to A.V. Protein production and DLS have been partially performed by the ICTS "NANBIOSIS," more specifically by the Protein Production Platform of CIBER-BBN/IBB () and the Biomaterial Processing and Nanostructuring Unit (), respectively. Biodistribution and immunohistochemistry assays were performed at the ICTS "NANBIOSIS," specifically by U20/FVPR (). L.S.-G. was supported by predoctoral fellowship from AGAUR (2018FI_B2_00051). L.S. was supported by the European Research Council (CoG #617473) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS #PI16/01224). J.S.-F. was supported by an AECC post-doctoral fellowship. A.V. received an ICREA ACADEMIA awar

Targeting antitumoral proteins to breast cancer by local administration of functional inclusion bodies

Altres ajuts de l'Instituto de Salud Carlos III: PI15/00272, PI1702242FIS i #PI16/01224Two structurally and functionally unrelated proteins, namely Omomyc and p31, are engineered as CD44-targeted inclusion bodies produced in recombinant bacteria. In this unusual particulate form, both types of protein materials selectively penetrate and kill CD44 tumor cells in culture, and upon local administration, promote destruction of tumoral tissue in orthotropic mouse models of human breast cancer. These findings support the concept of bacterial inclusion bodies as versatile protein materials suitable for application in chronic diseases that, like cancer, can benefit from a local slow release of therapeutic protein

Conformational and functional variants of CD44-targeted protein nanoparticles bio-produced in bacteria

Biofabrication is attracting interest as a means to produce nanostructured functional materials because of its operational versatility and full scalability. Materials based on proteins are especially appealing, as the structure and functionality of proteins can be adapted by genetic engineering. Furthermore, strategies and tools for protein production have been developed and refined steadily for more than 30 years. However, protein conformation and therefore activity might be sensitive to production conditions. Here, we have explored whether the downstream strategy influences the structure and biological activities, in vitro and in vivo, of a self-assembling, CD44-targeted protein-only nanoparticle produced in Escherichia coli. This has been performed through the comparative analysis of particles built from soluble protein species or protein versions obtained by in vitro protein extraction from inclusion bodies, through mild, non-denaturing procedures. These methods have been developed recently as a convenient alternative to the use of toxic chaotropic agents for protein resolubilization from protein aggregates. The results indicate that the resulting material shows substantial differences in its physicochemical properties and its biological performance at the systems level, and that its building blocks are sensitive to the particular protein source

Designing Sustainable Urban Futures

Many 21st century cities have the potential to be sustainable and resource-saving living spaces when multifunctional structures, well-integrated transportation infrastructure, and democratic governance processes are present. Sustainable urban futures require a focus on the needs of humans and environmental best practices, as well as on the creative scope for community-driven sustainability innovations. This book is based on contributions from science and practice to the international symposium on “Sustainable Urban Development at Different Scales” organized by the Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, in May 2014. The symposium used the global urbanization and reurbanization trend as an opportunity to examine cities as sustainable living spaces. This book identifi es concepts, analytic approaches, and practical applications for the design of sustainable urban futures among multiple disciplines and cultural backgrounds.Viele Städte des 21. Jahrhunderts haben das Potenzial, ein nachhaltiger und ressourcenschonender Lebensraum zu sein, wenn multifunktionale Strukturen, eine gut integrierte Verkehrsinfrastruktur und demokratische Stadtentwicklungsprozesse gegeben sind. Nachhaltige Stadtzukünfte erfordern einen starken Fokus auf die Berücksichtigung menschlicher Bedürfnissen an ihren Lebensraum, auf Umweltfreundlichkeit und Gesundheit sowie die gemeinsame Gestaltung kreativer Freiräume für nachhaltige Praktiken. Diese Buch basiert auf Beiträgen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis zum internationalen Symposium „Sustainable Urban Development at Different Scales“, das im Mai 2014 am Institut für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Systemanalyse am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie stattfand. Das Symposium nahm den globalen Urbanisierungsund Reurbanisierungstrend zum Anlass, um Städte auf unterschiedlichen Maßstabsebenen als nachhaltige Lebensräume zu diskutieren. Dieses Buch bietet Analysen, Konzepte und Ansätze zur Gestaltung nachhaltiger Stadtzukünfte aus der Sicht multipler Disziplinen und vor unterschiedlichen kulturellen Hintergründen