Cambio de paradigmas en la educación superior en México, ante la pandemia de COVID 19: Mudança de paradigmas no ensino superior no México em face da pandemia da COVID 19

 El covid 19 irrumpió en la vida del país de manera abrupta, en marzo del 2020, trayendo consigo, grandes desafíos para la educación superior en México. Atento a lo anterior, la pandemia ofrece la gran oportunidad de replantear el cambio de paradigmas que debe experimentar la educación universitaria mexicana con el propósito de preparar a los estudiantes para la vida actual y futura, en consonancia con las consecuencias que el coronavirus obliga a enfrentar. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer algunas reflexiones acerca de los cambios que resultan necesarios para actualizar la educación superior en México, a fin de estar en condiciones de responder a los retos que plantea la nueva realidad impuesta por la pandemia, lo cual implica, brindar a los estudiantes universitarios una educación integral, esto es, prepararlos como futuros profesionistas, pero también como futuros ciudadanos, con una educación menos académica y más práctica, orientada hacia la comprensión del mundo que los rodea; en otras palabras, formar personas maduras, analíticas y críticas, interesadas por los asuntos de su entorno social

El worker como tema de la seguridad social en México: Trabalhador como questão de segurança social no México

La seguridad social nace con la finalidad de salvaguardar la integridad física de las personas, y con ello contrarrestar la desigualdad que había existido desde siglos atrás, desde su origen tuvo por objetivo garantizar principalmente el derecho a la atención médica, en la actualidad en México y en el mundo se ha garantizado este derecho y se han sumado otros derechos como son el acceso a pensiones, derecho a vivienda, derecho a una vida mejor

Environmental constraints on benthic foraminifera communities during Middle Pleistocene from the Southwest South Atlantic Ocean

El océano Atlántico Sur es clave en la distribución de masas de agua profunda hacia otros océanos. Dado el papel que juega la circulación termohalina en el clima, el reconocimiento de variaciones en su distribución durante los ciclos glaciales/interglaciales reviste gran interés. Los foraminíferos bentónicos son utilizados como herramientas de reconstrucción paleoceanográ- fica, y la existencia de especies asociadas a masas de agua fue utilizada para definir cambios en la circulación oceánica profunda. Sin embargo, la relación entre foraminíferos bentónicos y masas de agua es controversial. Con el objetivo de determinar si las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos reflejan la distribución de las masas de agua profunda durante un evento glacial del Pleistoceno Medio, se analizó un testigo ubicado en el límite entre dos masas de agua profunda: la North Atlantic Deep Water y la Circumpolar Deep Water. En las asociaciones se hallaron especies consideradas indicadoras de ambas masas de agua, aunque algunas especies asociadas a la Circumpolar Deep Water presentan abundancias relativas mayores, siendo Uvigerina peregrina dominante en ciertos niveles. Sin embargo, la escasa abundancia de Globocassidulina subglobosa, asociada a la Circumpolar Deep Water, y la constancia en el porcentaje de especies consideradas indicadoras de la North Atlantic Deep Water impiden atribuir la dominancia de Uvigerina peregrina a una mayor influencia de la Circumpolar Deep Water. El hecho de que esta especie está asociada a flujos elevados de materia orgánica y que su mayor dominancia coincida con aumentos en la abundancia de Globigerina bulloides indica que la productividad superficial fue el factor determinante en la estructuración de las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos en el talud norbonaerense durante el Pleistoceno Medio.The Southern South Atlantic is crucial in the distribution of deep water masses towards other ocean basins. Given the role of the thermohaline circulation in the climatic system, insights into its variations during glacial/interglacial cycles is of great interest. Benthic foraminifera are used in paleoceanographic reconstructions, tracking changes in deep oceanic circulation by means of the distribution of indicator species associated with certain water masses. However, the relationship between benthic foraminifera and water masses is controversial. A sediment core drilled at the North Atlantic Deep Water-Circumpolar Deep Water limit was surveyed for benthic foraminifera in order to determine whether assemblages reflect patterns of deep watermasses distribution during a Middle Pleistocene glaciation event. The assemblages recovered comprised species indicative of both water types, with Circumpolar Deep Water-indicator species being slightly more abundant due to Uvigerina peregrina dominance. In spite of this, the low abundance of other Circumpolar Deep Water-indicator species such as Globocassidulina subglobosa coupled with the evenness in the relative abundance of North Atlantic Deep Water indicator-species preclude the interpretation of Uvigerina peregrina’s dominance in terms of a greater influence of Circumpolar Deep Water at the expense of North Atlantic Deep Water. The latter species, also an indicator of high organic matter fluxes, increases its relative abundance jointly with those of Globigerina bulloides, which suggests that surface productivity influenced deep benthic foraminifera assemblages in the Buenos Aires talus during Middle Pleistocene glaciations.Fil: Laprida, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos ; ArgentinaFil: García Chapori, Natalia Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos ; ArgentinaFil: Ramón Mercau, María Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos ; ArgentinaFil: Watanabe, Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Totah, Violeta Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Marcolini, Susana. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; ArgentinaFil: Violante, Roberto Antonio. Ministerio de Defensa. Armada Argentina. Servicio de Hidrografía Naval; Argentin

Revisão da produção científica sobre Espiritualidade em Enfermagem

Quisemos com este trabalho conhecer o panorama geral da produção de enfermagem sobre espiritualidade.Efectuámos pesquisa nas Bases de Dados: Medline, Ebscoh, Cinahl, Cochrane, Scorpus, Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, ISI, BVS, B-On. Usámos como descritores: Espiritualidade, Enfermagem, Nursing, Spirituality. Concluímos que a produção científica sobre esta temática é ampla, diversificada em muitos aspectos, o que poderá dificultar uma definição operacional e universal do conceito e as intervenções do enfermeiro desta natureza, pois percebemos que poucos estudos avançam da descrição do conceito à operacionalização das intervenções de Enfermagem

Revisão das significações do conceito de Espiritualidade em Enfermagem

A compreensão das significações do conceito "Espiritualidade" contribui para a sua operacionalização e, possivelmente, para a integração na prática de cuidados pelos enfermeiros. Quisémos Identificar os conceitos de espiritualidade presentes na produção científica de Enfermagem. Usámos como descritores: Espiritualidade, Spirituality, Enfermagem e Nursing. A atenção à espiritualidade dos pacientes promove uma atmosfera de humanização, pelo respeito à sua individualidade e necessidades espirituais, enquanto integradoras da sua dignidade. O facto de cada paciente ser diferente deve ser, mais do que um obstáculo, um desafio à prestação de cuidados, por isso o enfermeiro deve avaliar as necessidades espirituais, diagnosticar e intervir adequadamente, utilizando o seu método científico de trabalho

Grand Rounds: Could Occupational Exposure to n-Hexane and Other Solvents Precipitate Visual Failure in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy?

CONTEXT: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited loss of central vision related to pathogenic mutations in the mitochondrial genome, which are a necessary but not sufficient condition to develop the disease. Investigation of precipitating environmental/occupational (and additional genetic) factors could be relevant for prevention. CASE PRESENTATION: After a 6-month period of occupational exposure to n-hexane and other organic solvents, a 27-year-old man (a moderate smoker) developed an optic neuropathy. The patient had a full ophthalmologic and neurologic investigation, including standardized cycloergometer test for serum lactic acid levels and a skeletal muscle biopsy. His exposure history was also detailed, and he underwent genetic testing for LHON mitochondrial DNA mutations. The patient suffered a sequential optic neuropathy with the hallmarks of LHON and tested positive for the homoplasmic 11778G → A/ND4 mutation. Routine laboratory monitoring revealed increased concentrations of urinary 2.5 hexandione (n-hexane metabolite) and hippuric acid (toluene metabolite) in the period immediately preceding the visual loss. DISCUSSION: In a subject carrying an LHON mutation, the strict temporal sequence of prolonged appreciable occupational exposure followed by sudden onset of visual loss must raise a suspicion of causality (with a possible further interaction with tobacco smoke). RELEVANCE: In this article, we add to the candidate occupational/environmental triggers of LHON and highlight the need for appropriate case–control (and laboratory) studies to validate the causal effect of mixed toxic exposures

Nd and Pb isotope signatures on the Southeastern South American Upper Margin: Implications for sediment transport and source rocks

ABSTRACT Neodymium and lead isotope values in sediment samples were used to interpret sediment transport and source rocks on the Southeastern South American upper margin

Prevalence of and risk factors for different measures of low back pain among female nursing aides in Taiwanese nursing homes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although low back pain (LBP) among nursing staff, especially in nursing aides (NAs), has been a major health problem around the world, there is limited information on its prevalence in Taiwan. In addition, various measurements have been used to determine LBP; understanding the risk factors for each measurement of LBP is essential for prevention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for different measures of LBP among NAs in Taiwan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 244 female NAs from 31 nursing homes in central Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire, including the Nordic questionnaire and the Karasek's job content questionnaire, was used to collect data regarding five different measures of LBP and about demographic, physical and psychosocial factors. Also, on-site observation at the workplace was conducted to measure the frequency of five high risk patient-handling tasks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on the subjects' reports on the previous twelve months, the prevalence rates for pain lasting for at least one day, seeking of medical care, intense pain, sick leave, and chronic pain were 66.0%, 43.9%, 38.1%, 10.7%, and 8.6%, respectively. While multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that the risk factors varied with different measures of LBP, at least one high risk patient-handling task and one psychosocial factor were observed to be associated each LBP related measure. Three risk factors, including manual transfer of patients between bed/wheelchair and bath cart, perceived physical exertion, and psychological demands, were consistently associated with different measures of LBP. Besides, age was found to be associated with an increased risk of only chronic pain.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of LBP among NAs in Taiwan is high and should be actively addressed. Certain manual patient-transfer tasks and psychological demands seemed to play more important roles in severe LBP (such as care seeking, intense pain, and sick leave) than in minor LBP (pain lasting for at least one day). Because different LBP related measures might be involved with different etiological risk factors, any LBP reduction interventions that aim to improve ergonomic and psychosocial work environments for NAs should take this information into consideration.</p

Characteristics and patterns of care of endometrial cancer before and during COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has correlated with the disruption of screening activities and diagnostic assessments. Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and it is often detected at an early stage, because it frequently produces symptoms. Here, we aim to investigate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on patterns of presentation and treatment of EC patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 54 centers in Italy. We evaluated patterns of presentation and treatment of EC patients before (period 1: March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020) and during (period 2: April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021) the COVID-19 outbreak. Results: Medical records of 5,164 EC patients have been retrieved: 2,718 and 2,446 women treated in period 1 and period 2, respectively. Surgery was the mainstay of treatment in both periods (p=0.356). Nodal assessment was omitted in 689 (27.3%) and 484 (21.2%) patients treated in period 1 and 2, respectively (p&lt;0.001). While, the prevalence of patients undergoing sentinel node mapping (with or without backup lymphadenectomy) has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (46.7% in period 1 vs. 52.8% in period 2; p&lt;0.001). Overall, 1,280 (50.4%) and 1,021 (44.7%) patients had no adjuvant therapy in period 1 and 2, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Adjuvant therapy use has increased during COVID-19 pandemic (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the characteristics and patterns of care of EC patients. These findings highlight the need to implement healthcare services during the pandemic

Practice patterns and 90-day treatment-related morbidity in early-stage cervical cancer

To evaluate the impact of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) Trial on patterns of care and surgery-related morbidity in early-stage cervical cancer