1,393 research outputs found
Strategies for Prevention of Varicella Pneumonia: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of 3 strategies of serologic
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and post-exposure varicella zoster immune globulin
(VZIG) prophylaxis for the prevention of maternal varicella pneumonia during pregnancy in patients with
negative or uncertain histories of varicella infection
Randomized Trial of Erythromycin and Azithromycin for Treatment of Chlamydial Infection in Pregnancy
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare erythromycin and azithromycin in the treatment
of chlamydial cervicitis during pregnancy with regard to efficacy, side effects, and compliance
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Omental Cakes: Unusual Aetiologies and CT Appearances
Background: Omental cakes typically are associated with ovarian carcinoma, as this is the most common malignant aetiology. Nonetheless, numerous other neoplasms, as well as infectious and benign processes, can produce omental cakes. Methods: A broader knowledge of the various causes of omental cakes is valuable diagnostically and to direct appropriate clinical management. Results: We present a spectrum of both common and unusual aetiologies that demonstrate the variable computed tomographic appearances of omental cakes. Conclusion: The anatomy and embryology are discussed, as well as the importance of biopsy when the aetiology of omental cakes is uncertain
Occupation of X-ray selected galaxy groups by X-ray AGN
We present the first direct measurement of the mean Halo Occupation
Distribution (HOD) of X-ray selected AGN in the COSMOS field at z < 1, based on
the association of 41 XMM and 17 C-COSMOS AGN with member galaxies of 189 X-ray
detected galaxy groups from XMM and Chandra data. We model the mean AGN
occupation in the halo mass range logM_200[Msun] = 13-14.5 with a rolling-off
power-law with the best fit index alpha = 0.06(-0.22;0.36) and normalization
parameter f_a = 0.05(0.04;0.06). We find the mean HOD of AGN among central
galaxies to be modelled by a softened step function at logMh > logMmin = 12.75
(12.10,12.95) Msun while for the satellite AGN HOD we find a preference for an
increasing AGN fraction with Mh suggesting that the average number of AGN in
satellite galaxies grows slower (alpha_s < 0.6) than the linear proportion
(alpha_s = 1) observed for the satellite HOD of samples of galaxies. We present
an estimate of the projected auto correlation function (ACF) of galaxy groups
over the range of r_p = 0.1-40 Mpc/h at = 0.5. We use the large-scale
clustering signal to verify the agreement between the group bias estimated by
using the observed galaxy groups ACF and the value derived from the group mass
estimates. We perform a measurement of the projected AGN-galaxy group
cross-correlation function, excluding from the analysis AGN that are within
galaxy groups and we model the 2-halo term of the clustering signal with the
mean AGN HOD based on our results.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
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Restless Quasar Activity: From BeppoSAX to Chandra and XMM-Newton
We briefly review some of the progress made in the last decade in the study
of the X-ray properties of the quasar population from the luminous, local
objects observed by BeppoSAX to the large, rapidly increasing population of z>4
quasars detected by Chandra and XMM-Newton in recent years.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the Symposium
"The Restless High-Energy Universe", 5-8 May 2003, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands, E.P.J. van den Heuvel, J.J.M. in 't Zand, and R.A.M.J. Wijers
Ed
On the Origin of the Treponematoses: A Phylogenetic Approach
For 500 years, controversy has raged around the origin of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, the bacterium responsible for syphilis. Did Christopher Columbus and his men introduce this pathogen into Renaissance Europe, after contracting it during their voyage to the New World? Or does syphilis have a much older history in the Old World? This paper represents the first attempt to use a phylogenetic approach to solve this question. In addition, it clarifies the evolutionary relationships between the pathogen that causes syphilis and the other T. pallidum subspecies, which cause the neglected tropical diseases yaws and endemic syphilis. Using a collection of pathogenic Treponema strains that is unprecedented in size, we show that yaws appears to be an ancient infection in humans while venereal syphilis arose relatively recently in human history. In addition, the closest relatives of syphilis-causing strains identified in this study were found in South America, providing support for the Columbian theory of syphilis's origin
Strategies for Prevention of Varicella Pneumonia: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of 3 strategies of serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and post-exposure varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) prophylaxis for the prevention of maternal varicella pneumonia during pregnancy in patients with negative or uncertain histories of varicella infection. Methods: A decision tree was constructed to compare the following strategies: 1) routine serologic testing for varicella immunity followed by targeted post-exposure VZIG prophylaxis, 2) post-exposure serologic testing followed by targeted VZIG prophylaxis, and 3) untargeted post-exposure VZIG administration. The probabilities for the model were obtained from the medical literature and supplemented by expert opinion. The costs were obtained by a review of inpatient hospitalizations for varicella pneumonia. All costs were converted to 1995 dollars. Results: Routine serologic testing followed by targeted post-exposure VZIG prophylaxis was the most costly strategy ($37.22/person), with no demonstrable increase in benefit compared with the other 2 strategies. The disutility of this strategy compared with the others was stable across a wide range of values for the probabilities and costs utilized in the sensitivity analysis. We were unable to differentiate between the cost-effectiveness of the other 2 strategies. Conclusions: Routine serologic testing for varicella immunity in patients with negative or uncertain histories of varicella infection should not be performed. The remaining options of screening and prophylaxis appear to be reasonable alternatives for dealing with varicella exposures. (C
Two rest-frame wavelength measurements of galaxy sizes at : the evolutionary effects of emerging bulges and quenched newcomers
We analyze the size evolution of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and
quiescent galaxies (QGs) with mass at
from the COSMOS field using deep CLAUDS+HSC imaging in two rest-frame
wavelengths, \r{A} (UV light) and \r{A} (visible light). With
half-light radius () as proxy for size, SFGs at characteristic mass grow by () in UV (visible) light since
and the strength of their size evolution increases with stellar mass.
After accounting for mass growth due to star formation, we estimate that SFGs
grow by in all stellar mass bins and in both rest-frame wavelengths.
Redder SFGs are more massive, smaller and more concentrated than bluer SFGs and
the fraction of red SFGs increases with time. These results point to the
emergence of bulges as the dominant mechanism for the average size growth of
SFGs. We find two threshold values for the stellar mass density within central
kpc (): all SFGs with are red and only QGs
have . The size of QGs grows by ()
in the UV (visible) light. Up to of this increase in size of massive
QGs is due to newcomers (recently quenched galaxies). However, newcomers cannot
explain the observed pace in the size growth of QGs; that trend has to be
dominated by processes affecting individual galaxies, such as minor mergers and
accretion.Comment: 27 pages (+5 in Appendix), 24 figures (+8), 5 tables. Accepted for
publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS
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