Aplicación de la metodología MESMIS para la evaluación de sostenibilidad de los sistemas de producción familiares en el bioma Pampa: Análisis inicial

publishedTomo I . Sección: Sistemas Ganaderos-Economía y Gestión. Sesión: Sostenibilidad. Ponencia nº 3

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome among obese individuals: A cross-sectional study

sem informaçãoThe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory illness, characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea, leading to reduction or cessation of the airflow. Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the development of OSAS. To hel6310862868sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Specimen dimensions influence the measurement of material properties in tendon fascicles

Stress, strain and modulus are regularly used to characterize material properties of tissue samples. However, when comparing results from different studies it is evident the reported material properties, particularly failure strains, vary hugely. The aim of our study was to characterize how and why specimen length and cross-sectional area (CSA) appear to influence failure stress, strain and modulus in fascicles from two functionally different tendons. Fascicles were dissected from five rat tails and five bovine foot extensors, their diameters determined by a laser micrometer, and loaded to failure at a range of grip-to-grip lengths. Strain to failure significantly decreased with increasing in specimen length in both rat and bovine fascicles, while modulus increased. Specimen length did not influence failure stress in rat tail fascicles, although in bovine fascicles it was significantly lower in the longer 40 mm specimens compared to 5 and 10 mm specimens. The variations in failure strain and modulus with sample length could be predominantly explained by end-effects. However, it was also evident that strain fields along the sample length were highly variable and notably larger towards the ends of the sample than the mid-section even at distances in excess of 5 mm from the gripping points. Failure strain, stress and modulus correlated significantly with CSA at certain specimen lengths. Our findings have implications for the mechanical testing of tendon tissue: while it is not always possible to control for fascicle length and/or CSA, these parameters have to be taken into account when comparing samples of different dimensions

Uso da análise faunística de insetos na avaliação do impacto ambiental

Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto ambiental ocorrido na área experimental do Departamento de Entomologia - ESALQ/USP, num período de 25 anos, aplicou-se a análise faunística aos resultados da coleta de insetos, com armadilha luminosa, em 1965/66 e 1990/91. Comparando-se os índices fisiográficos das épocas estudadas, verifica-se uma redução de 35,1% entre 1965/66 e 1990/91. Como conseqüência, o índice de diversidade também diminuiu em 60,3% nas datas estudadas, em decorrência da menor coleta de insetos, caracterizando considerável impacto ambiental.Environmental changes at the experimental area of the Department of Entomology, University of São Paulo, in Piracicaba, in a period of 25 years, were evaluated using a faunistc insect analysis of samples collected by light traps in 1965/66 and 1990/91. A reduction of 35.1% in the faunistic index between these two periods was recorded. Consequently, the diversity index also decreased by 60.3% due to the low number of insects collected. These indices suggest a considerable environmental change in the experimental area over this 25 years period

Desenvolvimento comparado de três cultivares de caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

An experiment was carried out to establish the comparative growth of three Vigna unguiculata cultivars throught determination of leaf area, dry matter partition and growth analysis. Leaf area established throught the method of relationship between total dry matter of leaves and dry matter of discs with knowed area, and estimated by the product of length x maximum width of leaf x 1.75did not present differences. Cultivar Epace-1 showed higher leaf area duration in relation to Epace-6 and Epace-8 cowpea cultivars. Vigna unguiculata presented an initial exponential phase of dry matter accumulation and a sygmoid phase post-maturity. Accumulation of biomass in the reproductive part of cowpea 'Epace-1' was later and more effective in relation to Epace-6 and Epace-8 cultivars. Cultivar Epace-1 presented later development in relation to 'Epace.6' and 'Epace-8'. Epace-6 cultivar of cowpea showed higher growth on the second part of the plant life cycle in relation to Epace-8 and Epace-1 cultivars. Vigna unguiculata plants presented higher net assimilation rate and relative growth rate from 30 to 50 days after emergence. Cowpea snowed higher leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio from 28 to 42 days after emergence.Realizou-se determinação comparada da área foliar, da partição de biomassa e da análise de crescimento em três cultivares de Vigna unguiculata (Epace-1, Epace-6 e Epace-8) mantidos em vasos sob condições naturais. Ométodo de estabelecimento da área foliar baseado na correlação entre o peso da matéria seca foliar com o peso de discos foliares de área conhecida mostrou-se equivalente a estimativa (c.1) 1,75, referente aos folíolos terminais. O cultivar Epace-1 apresentou maior número de folhas, maiores incrementos na área foliar e maior duração de área foliar em relação aos cultivares Epace-6 e Epace-8. Vigna unguiculata mostrou uma fase exponencial inicial no acúmulo de matéria seca e uma tendência sigmoidal após a maturidade. O acúmulo de biomassa na parte reprodutiva do caupi iniciou-se mais tardiamente no cultivar Epace-1, sendo que este cultivar alocou maior proporção de carboidratos no sistema radicular com relação aos cultivares Epace-6 e Epace-8. Verificou-se que o cultivar Epace-1 apresentou-se mais tardio do que os cultivares Epace-6 e Epace-8. O cultivar Epace-6 apresentou um incremento no crescimento na segunda fase do ciclo de desenvolvimento com relação aos cultivares Epace-8 e Epace-1. As plantas de caupi atingiram os valores mais altos de taxa assimilatória líquida e de taxa de crescimento relativo de 30 a 50 dias após a emergência. Vigna unguiculata apresentou incrementos na razão de área foliar e na razão de peso foliar de 28 a 42 dias após a emergência

Failure due to fatigue in fiber bundles and solids

We consider first a homogeneous fiber bundle model where all the fibers have got the same stress threshold beyond which all fail simultaneously in absence of noise. At finite noise, the bundle acquires a fatigue behavior due to the noise-induced failure probability at any stress. We solve this dynamics of failure analytically and show that the average failure time of the bundle decreases exponentially as the stress increases. We also determine the avalanche size distribution during such failure and find a power law decay. We compare this fatigue behavior with that obtained phenomenologically for the nucleation of Griffith cracks. Next we study numerically the fatigue behavior of random fiber bundles having simple distributions of individual fiber strengths, at stress less than the bundle's strength (beyond which it fails instantly). The average failure time is again seen to decrease exponentially as the stress increases and the avalanche size distribution shows similar power law decay. These results are also in broad agreement with experimental observations on fatigue in solids. We believe, these observations regarding the failure time are useful for quantum breakdown phenomena in disordered systems.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, figures added and the text is revise

Validação Da Versão De 36 Itens Do Who Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (whodas 2.0) Para A Avaliação De Incapacidade E Funcionalidade Da Mulher Associada à Morbidade Materna

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To validate the translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of 36 items from the World Health Organizaton Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), regarding their content and structure (construct), in a female population after pregnancy. Methods This is a validation of an instrument for the evaluation of disability and functioning and an assessment of its psychometric properties, performed in a tertiary maternity and a referral center specialized in high-risk pregnancies in Brazil. A sample of 638 women in different postpartum periods who had either a normal or a complicated pregnancy was included. The structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the content and relationships among the domains were assessed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The sociodemographic characteristics were identified, and the mean scores with their standard deviations for the 36 questions of the WHODAS 2.0 were calculated. The internal consistency was evaluated byCronbach’s α. Results Cronbach’s α was higher than 0.79 for both sets of questons of the questionnaire. The EFA and CFA for the main 32 questions exhibited a total variance of 54.7% (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] measure of sampling adequacy = 0.934; p < 0.001) and 53.47% (KMO = 0.934; p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant correlation among the 6 domains (r = 0.571–0.876), and a moderate correlation among all domains (r = 0.476–0.694). Conclusion The version of the WHODAS 2.0 instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese showed good psychometric properties in this sample, and therefore could be applied to populations of women regarding their reproductive history. © 2017 by Thieme-Revinter Publicações Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.3924452471142/2011-5, CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Efeitos da salinidade em algodoeiros tratados com produtos químicos

Studies were carried out to establish the effects of spray of polyethylene polysulfide (5%), oxyethylene docosanol (5%) and succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (2,000 ppm), in the growth of cotton 'IAC-RM3', under application of N-P-K (5:10:5) and irrigation with solution of NaCl - CaCl2 - MgCl2 (1.00:0.85:0.15). The antitranspirants promote increase in leaf area of cotton; and the growth retardant causes diminution in the leaf area in relation to check in salinity conditions. The chemicals promote increase in the dry weight in relation to check. The net assimilation rate and the relative growth rate were superior in the plots that received the chemicals in relation to check in salinity conditions. It was not verified differences between the plants treated with antitranspirants and the check in relation to the leaf area ratio; that parameter was inferior in the treatment with the growth retardant.Estudaram-se os efeitos de polissulfeto de polietileno (0,5%), o-xietileno docosanol (5%) e ácido succínico - 2,2-dimetil-hidrazida (2000 ppm), aplicados em pulverização, no desenvolvimento de algo-doeiro cultivar 'IAC-RM3', submetido à adubação N-P-K (5:10 5) e à irrigação com solução de NaCl - CaCl2 - MgCl2 (1,000,85:0,15). Os antitranspirantes permitiram aumento em área foliar do algo-doeiro; sendo que o retardador de crescimento provocou redução na área foliar com relação ao controle, em condições de salinidade. Os produtos químicos promoveram maior aumento no peso seco em relação ao controle. A taxa assimilatória líquida e a taxa de crescimento relativo mostraram-se mais altas nas plantas tratadas com produtos químicos em relação ao controle, nas condições de salinidade. N ao ocorreram diferenças marcantes entre as plantas tratadas com antitranspirantes e o controle, com relação à razão de área foliar; sendo que este parâmetro mostrou-se inferior no tratamento com retardador de crescimento

Equation of state for Universe from similarity symmetries

In this paper we proposed to use the group of analysis of symmetries of the dynamical system to describe the evolution of the Universe. This methods is used in searching for the unknown equation of state. It is shown that group of symmetries enforce the form of the equation of state for noninteracting scaling multifluids. We showed that symmetries give rise the equation of state in the form $p=-\Lambda+w_{1}\rho(a)+w_{2}a^{\beta}+0$ and energy density $\rho=\Lambda+\rho_{01}a^{-3(1+w)}+\rho_{02}a^{\beta}+\rho_{03}a^{-3}$, which is commonly used in cosmology. The FRW model filled with scaling fluid (called homological) is confronted with the observations of distant type Ia supernovae. We found the class of model parameters admissible by the statistical analysis of SNIa data. We showed that the model with scaling fluid fits well to supernovae data. We found that $\Omega_{\text{m},0} \simeq 0.4$ and $n \simeq -1$ ($\beta = -3n$), which can correspond to (hyper) phantom fluid, and to a high density universe. However if we assume prior that $\Omega_{\text{m},0}=0.3$ then the favoured model is close to concordance $\Lambda$CDM model. Our results predict that in the considered model with scaling fluids distant type Ia supernovae should be brighter than in $\Lambda$CDM model, while intermediate distant SNIa should be fainter than in $\Lambda$CDM model. We also investigate whether the model with scaling fluid is actually preferred by data over $\Lambda$CDM model. As a result we find from the Akaike model selection criterion prefers the model with noninteracting scaling fluid.Comment: accepted for publication versio