Intramolecular ene reactions catalyzed by NbCl5, TaCl5 and InCl3

Niobium pentachloride, tantalum pentachloride and indium trichloride efficiently catalysed the cyclization of (R)-citronellal to a mixture of isopulegol and neoisopulegol in good yields. A comparative study was carried out which demonstrated that NbCl5 is the most active Lewis acid whereas InCl3 is the most selective one. The selectivity of the reactions varied according to the Lewis acid used and to the solvent. The ene reaction of a 1,7-diene was also investigated. In this case, all Lewis acids tested showed excellent selectivity.Pentacloreto de nióbio, pentacloreto de tântalo e tricloreto de índio catalisaram eficientemente a ciclização do (R)-citronelal a uma mistura de isopulegol e neoisopulegol, em bons rendimentos. Um estudo comparativo foi realizado demonstrando que NbCl5 é o ácido de Lewis mais ativo enquanto que InCl3 é o mais seletivo. A seletividade das reações variou de acordo com o ácido de Lewis utilizado e o solvente. NbCl5 e TaCl5 mostraram ausência de seletividade enquanto que o InCl3 apresentou seletividade moderada em favor do isopulegol. A reação ene de um 1,7-dieno também foi investigada. Neste caso, todos os ácidos de Lewis testados apresentaram excelente seletividade

Determinantes precoces da glicemia casual em adultos da coorte de nascimentos de 1982, Pelotas, RS

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of socioeconomic variables, birth weight, duration of breastfeeding and income changes on random blood glucose levels among young adults. METHODS: This was a study on the birth cohort from 1982, when the 5,914 hospital births that occurred in the city of Pelotas (Southern Brazil) were identified and the mothers were interviewed. The children whose families lived in the urban area of the city were followed up several times. In 2004-5, 4,927 individuals of the cohort were interviewed and blood was collected from the fingertips of 3,730 of them for random blood glucose measurements. Associations between random blood glucose levels and skin color, family income at birth, maternal schooling, income change between 1982 and 2004-5, birth weight and duration of breastfeeding were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean blood glucose level was 97.3 ± 15.1mg/dL, and it was greater among the men. None of the variables studied was associated with the men's blood glucose level. Among the women, maternal schooling, family income at 23 years of age and birth weight were inversely associated with blood glucose levels. However, birth weight lost its statistical significance in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Birth weight and duration of breastfeeding did not present any long-term effect on random blood glucose levels. Only maternal schooling level and present income presented associations with random blood glucose levels among the women.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de variables socioeconómicas, peso al nacer, duración del amamantamiento y cambio de renta sobre la glicemia al azar en jóvenes adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudio sobre cohorte de nacidos en 1982, cuando los 5.914 nacimientos hospitalares ocurridos en la ciudad de Pelotas fueron identificados y las madres entrevistadas. Los niños, cuyas familiar residían en el área urbana de la ciudad, fueron acompañadas diversas veces. En 2004-5, 4.927 individuos de la cohorte fueron entrevistados y 3.730 tuvieron sangre de la pulpa digital colectada para medir la glicemia casual. Fue evaluada la asociación entre glicemia casual y el color de la piel, renta familiar al nacer, escolaridad materna, cambio de renta entre 1982 y 2004-5, peso al nacer y duración del amamantamiento. RESULTADOS: El promedio de la glicemia fue de 97,3±15,1mg/dL, siendo mayor entre los hombres. Ninguna de las variables estudiadas estuvo asociada con la glicemia de los hombres. Entre las mujeres, la escolaridad materna, la renta familiar a los 23 años y el peso al nacer estuvieron inversamente asociados con la glicemia. Aún así, el efecto del peso al nacer perdió la significancia estadística en el análisis multivariable. CONCLUSIONES: El peso al nacer y la duración del amamantamiento no presentaron efecto a largo plazo sobre la glicemia casual, apenas la escolaridad materna y la renta actual estuvieron asociadas con la glicemia casual en las mujeres.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de variáveis socioeconômicas, peso ao nascer, duração da amamentação e mudança de renda sobre a glicemia ao acaso em jovens adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudo sobre coorte de nascidos em 1982, quando os 5.914 nascimentos hospitalares ocorridos na cidade de Pelotas foram identificados e as mães entrevistadas. As crianças, cujas famílias residiam na área urbana da cidade, foram acompanhadas diversas vezes. Em 2004-5, 4.927 indivíduos da coorte foram entrevistados e 3.730 tiveram sangue da polpa digital coletado para medida da glicemia casual. Foi avaliada a associação entre glicemia casual e cor da pele, renda familiar ao nascer, escolaridade materna, mudança de renda entre 1982 e 2004-5, peso ao nascer e duração da amamentação. RESULTADOS: A média da glicemia foi de 97,3±15,1mg/dL, sendo maior entre os homens. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas esteve associada com a glicemia dos homens. Entre as mulheres, a escolaridade materna, a renda familiar aos 23 anos e o peso ao nascimento estiveram inversamente associados com a glicemia. Contudo, o efeito do peso ao nascer perdeu a significância estatística na análise multivariável. CONCLUSÕES: O peso ao nascer e a duração da amamentação não apresentaram efeito em longo prazo sobre a glicemia casual, apenas a escolaridade materna e a renda atual estiveram associados com a glicemia casual nas mulheres

Uso de serviços básicos de saúde por idosos portadores de condições crônicas, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of healthcare services by elderly individuals suffering from chronic diseases. METHODS:Cross-sectional study carried out with 2,889 individuals aged 65 years or more with chronic conditions - arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and mental illness -, living in catchment areas of primary care units in 41 cities of the South and Northeast regions of Brazil in 2005. The analyzed data were obtained in the baseline study of Programa de Expansão e Consolidação da Saúde da Família (Program for the Expansion and Consolidation of Family Health). The studied variables were sex, age, skin color, marital status, level of schooling, family income, smoking, functional disability, and care model of the primary care unit. The adjusted analysis of outcomes was performed by means of Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of medical visit in the last six months was 45% in the South region and 46% in the Northeast region. The prevalence of participation in groups of educational activities in the last year was 16% in the South and 22% in the Northeast. In both regions, use of services was higher for elderly people under the age of 80 years, with low level of schooling and living in catchment areas of primary care units with Programa Saúde da Família (Family Health Program). Only in the South region did the elderly with functional disability have higher prevalence of medical visits. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of medical visit and participation in groups of educational activities was low when compared to previous studies conducted with elderly individuals in Brazil. The results indicate that, although the Family Health Program promotes greater use of services at primary care units by elderly people with chronic conditions, it is necessary to expand the access of those aged over 80 and of individuals with functional disability.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilización de servicios de salud entre ancianos portadores de enfermedades crónicas. MÉTODOS:Estudio transversal realizado con 2.889 individuos con edad a partir de 65 años, portadores de condiciones crónicas - hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y enfermedad mental -, residentes en áreas que abarcan unidades básicas de salud en 41 municipios de las regiones Sur y Noreste de Brasil en 2005. Los datos analizados fueron obtenidos del estudio en línea de base del Programa de Expansión y Consolidación de la salud de la Familia. Las variables estudiadas fueron sexo, edad, color de la piel, situación conyugal, escolaridad, renta familiar, tabaquismo, incapacidad funcional y modelo de atención de la unidad básica de salud. El análisis ajustado de los hechos fue realizado con regresión de Poisson. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de consulta médica en los últimos seis meses fue de 45% en el Sur y de 46% en el Noreste. La prevalencia de participación en grupos de actividades educativas en el último año fue de 16% en la región Sur y de 22% en la región Noreste. En las dos regiones, el uso de los servicios fue mayor por ancianos con edad inferior a 80 años, baja escolaridad y residentes en áreas que abarcan unidades básicas de salud con Programa Salud de la Familia. Apenas en la región Sur los ancianos con incapacidad funcional presentaron mayor prevalencia de consultas médicas. CONCLUSIONES: Las prevalencias de consulta médica y de participación en grupos de actividades educativas fueron bajas, al compararlas con estudios anteriores realizados con ancianos en Brasil. Los resultados indican que, a pesar de que el Programa Salud de la Familia promueve mayor uso de servicios de las unidades básicas de salud por los ancianos portadores de condiciones crónicas, hay necesidad de ampliar el acceso a aquellos con más de 80 años y de los portadores de incapacidad funcional.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilização de serviços de saúde entre idosos portadores de doenças crônicas. MÉTODOS:Estudo transversal realizado com 2.889 indivíduos com idade a partir de 65 anos, portadores de condições crônicas - hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e doença mental -, residentes em áreas de abrangência de unidades básicas de saúde em 41 municípios das regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil em 2005. Os dados analisados foram obtidos do estudo de linha de base do Programa de Expansão e Consolidação da Saúde da Família. As variáveis estudadas foram sexo, idade, cor da pele, situação conjugal, escolaridade, renda familiar, tabagismo, incapacidade funcional e modelo de atenção da unidade básica de saúde. A análise ajustada dos desfechos foi realizada com regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de consulta médica nos últimos seis meses foi de 45% no Sul e de 46% no Nordeste. A prevalência de participação em grupos de atividades educativas no último ano foi de 16% na região Sul e de 22% na região Nordeste. Nas duas regiões, o uso dos serviços foi maior por idosos com idade inferior a 80 anos, baixa escolaridade e residentes em áreas de abrangência de unidades básicas de saúde com Programa Saúde da Família. Apenas na região Sul os idosos com incapacidade funcional apresentaram maior prevalência de consultas médicas. CONCLUSÕES: As prevalências de consulta médica e de participação em grupos de atividades educativas foram baixas, quando comparadas com estudos anteriores realizados com idosos no Brasil. Os resultados indicam que, apesar de o Programa Saúde da Família promover maior uso de serviços das unidades básicas de saúde pelos idosos portadores de condições crônicas, há necessidade de ampliar o acesso daqueles com mais de 80 anos e dos portadores de incapacidade funcional

Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young Brazilian adults

Purpose: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The scientific literature has consistently shown the effects of certain diets on health; however, given the variety of cultures and dietary habits across the world, it is likely that much remains to be learned about dietary patterns and health outcomes. We assessed the associations between main dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among 4,202 young Brazilian adults in a cross-sectional analysis. Methods: In a principle components analysis, two main dietary patterns were identified: common Brazilian and processed food. As outcomes, we examined body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c). Means, crude, and adjusted β coefficients and 95% CIs were estimated according to quintiles of dietary patterns. Results: Common Brazilian scores were inversely associated with BMI, WC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol values among men. Among women, inverse association trends were observed with SBP, DBP, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol. The processed food pattern was positively associated with LDL-c, HDL-c, total cholesterol, BMI, and WC values among the men. Among the women, the processed food pattern was not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings confirm that diet has an important role on health during early adulthood. The common Brazilian pattern showed generally healthier trends regarding CVD risk factors, but the ultimate effects on risk of risk of disease are unclear because of the inverse relation with HDL-c levels

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment