Measure Driven Differential Inclusions

AbstractMeasure driven differential inclusions arise when we attempt to derive necessary conditions of optimality for optimal impulsive control problems with nonsmooth data. We introduce the concept of a robust solution to a measure driven inclusion, which extends to a multifunction setting interpretations of solutions to measure driven differential equations provided by Dal Maso and Rampazzo and others. Closure properties of sets of robust solutions are established, and notions of relaxation investigated. Implications for optimality conditions for impulsive control problems are pursued in a companion paper

Community Genetics: A New Discipline And Its Application In Brazil.

Community genetics is a new discipline which aims to provide genetic services to the community as a whole. As a science, community genetics encompasses all research needed to develop and evaluate its application. There is no question that the development of community genetics is necessary in Brazil. The implementation of such programs in our country, especially for hemoglobinopathies, has been recommended by the World Health Organization and other international organizations. Apart from the need for and appeal of community genetics programs, some aspects require serious review. This article discusses various cultural, social, psychological, and economic factors that can make genetic screening an invasion of individual privacy.16126126

A Comparison between Dual Phase Steel and Interstitial Free Steel Due To the Springback Effect

International audienceThis is a study of the springback effect on two kinds of high strength steel, which are: dualphase and interstitial free, currently used as feedstock in the production of vehicles. The mechanical characterization of the springback effect was performed by means of a mechanical conformation test, called three-point air bending, performed by adapting it to the unconstrained cylindrical bending test. It was also evaluated the mechanical properties of the material defined by the tensile test in order to determine its tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Furthermore, it was performed a microstructural characterization of advanced steels by identifying and quantifying the present phases in coexistence by means of digital image processing. The results indicate that the springback effect in the dual-phase steel has the highest springback rates due to its high mechanical strength, and it causes a decrease in the aspect ratio of the grains that suffered mechanical conformation attempting to return it to its original form. On the other hand, the springback effect has the lowest rates, and the change in aspect ratio depends only on the interstitial free steel elongation capacity due to its lower mechanical strength

Revisiting Tracer Liu-Silva-Macedo model for binary diffusion coefficient using the largest database of liquid and supercritical systems

This work compiles the largest database of tracer diffusion coefficients (D12) containing 6180 experimental points from 331 non-polar and weakly polar liquid and supercritical systems. Then, the Tracer Liu − Silva − Macedo (TLSM) model and its 1-parameter correlations (TLSMd and TLSMen) are evaluated using this database, taking into account the importance of phenomenological and reliable equations for D12 estimation. The TLSM model achieves good results with absolute average relative deviations (AARD) of 16.84 % while TLSMd and TLSMen show better performance with AARD of 4.53 % and 4.55 %, respectively. All properties and parameters needed for D12 estimation are compiled in Appendix. For comparison, the models of Wilke-Chang and Reddy-Doraiswamy, and the correlations of Magalhães et al. (LJ-1) and Dymond-Hildebrand-Batschinsky (DHB) are also assessed.publishe

Diffusivities of ketones and aldehydes in liquid ethanol by molecular dynamics simulations

The tracer diffusion coefficients of six ketones (propanone, butanone, pentan-2-one, pentan-3-one, hexan-2-one, hexan-3-one) and six aldehydes (methanal, ethanal, propanal, butanal, pentanal and hexanal) in liquid ethanol were computed by classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over 303.15-333.15 K and 1-150 bar. The calculated tracer diffusion coefficients, D12, compared very satisfactorily with experimental data from the literature, with average absolute relative deviations (AARD) between 9.48 % and 12.18 % for ketones, and between 6.30 % and 9.11 % for aldehydes. The trends of D12 with solute size and temperature were accurately simulated in all cases, while the weaker influence of pressure was not rigorously reached in all cases when jumping from 1 to 75 bar and then to 150 bar. Furthermore, a temperature-based correction to D12 was introduced, which decreased the AARD values of ketones down to the range 1.52 – 5.16 % and aldehydes to 2.94 – 3.45 %. The structural analyses of the spatial distribution functions and coordination numbers show that ethanol has more affinity with ketones than with aldehydes, though such affinity difference is not always translated to the computed D12 of ketone-aldehyde isomers. Nevertheless, the experimental diffusivities of both families of compounds are only ca. 7 % different, hence within the uncertainties associated with the calculated results.publishe

Pressões De Contato E O Impacto De Conjuntos Motomecanizados Em Latossolo Com Presença E Ausência De Palhada De Cana-de-açúcar

High contact pressures applied to soil result in a greater degree of compaction, in addition to promoting other negative effects. The objective of this study was to quantify contact areas by using different methodologies, and pressures of farm equipment employed in production activity and evaluate structural changes caused in a Red Latosol with the presence and absence of straw cover. The design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme of type 4 (tire on front axle, tire on rear axle, tire on a sugarcane wagon and metallic track of sugar cane Harvester) x 2 (presence and absence of straw). The contact area (CA) of the run was obtained by three procedures: analytical measure of the area of an ellipse (CA1); digital measurement of area of an ellipse (CA2); and measurement of real contact area (RCA), with digital resources. The contact pressure was calculated from the ratio of mass of each machine’s axle and the contact area of the run. The contact area obtained according to the procedure of the ellipse (CA1 and CA2) is overrated when compared to actual area obtained digitally (RCA). The straw reduces the contact pressure in the soil, due to the deep tire treads and consequently, increased contact area. Areas where the traffic of the machines occurred with soil covered with the presence of straw showed reduced soil resistance to penetration, cone index and pre-consolidation pressure, confirming that the increased contact area produced by straw reduced the pressure applied and the compression power dissipated in the soil. © 2016, Federal University of Lavras. All rights reserved.40326527

Diffusion of quercetin in compressed liquid ethyl acetate and ethanol

Supercritical fluids are alternatives to conventional harmful organic compounds. In the case of supercritical fluid extraction, CO2 is the most common solvent and can be advantageously modified with small contents of co-solvents like ethanol and ethyl acetate. The rigorous estimation of the tracer diffusion coefficients (D12) of solutes in supercritical mixtures (CO2 + co-solvent) requires their individual D12 values in pure CO2 and pure co-solvent under the same operating conditions. This essay focuses the diffusivity of quercetin (solute) in two compressed liquid co-solvents (ethanol and ethyl acetate). Quercetin is a natural compound possessing a wide variety of bioactive properties, used as one of the most noticeable dietary antioxidants. The tracer diffusivity measurements are accomplished by the chromatographic peak broadening technique over 303.15–333.15 K and 1–150 bar. The diffusion coefficients lie between 0.414 × 10−5and 0.813 × 10−5 cm2s−1 in ethanol, and between 1.06 × 10−5 and 1.69 × 10−5 cm2s−1 in ethyl acetate. Influence of temperature, pressure and hydrodynamic coordinates is analyzed and discussed based on the most relevant transport theories. Modeling is also carried out with eleven models from the literature and demonstrated the unreliability of predicting equations in opposition to the very good correlations available to fit D12 data. The influence of the accurate estimation of auxiliary properties (like solvent volume and viscosity) upon the calculated tracer diffusivities is also assessed, being possible to detect D12 differences as high as ca. 70 %.publishe

Ictiofauna De Riachos Das Cabeceiras Da Bacia Hidrográfica Do Alto Paranapanema

The Paraná River basin has about 600 fish species. In the Upper Paraná, 310 fish species were recorded, with 52 species were registered in the streams and headwaters of the Paranapanema River. The aim of this study was to characterize the stream fish communities in the Upper Paranapanema River basin. Samplings were conducted with electrofishing during the dry season in the year of 2014. The collection effort consisted of 30 streams stretches. As a result, 41 species of stream fish were recorded in the Upper Paranapanema River basin, distributed in 26 genera, 11 families and 7 orders. Thirty-nine percent of the species can be considered rare, 41% intermediate and 20% common. We captured approximately eight species by stream stretch and the estimated richness (Schao2) was 40 ± 6 species. Around 40% of the individuals had less than 50 mm in length. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.16

KPI development and obsolescence management in industrial maintenance

Since the industrialization of the mid-19th century, the role of maintenance has become increasingly important as time moved on. Proactive maintenance has gained a crucial role, even though a lot of organizations still view it as an expense and not an investment. This paper highlights the role of KPIs and obsolescence management in maintenance operations. The first step was to create a new KPI to assess the work done in maintenance, relating it to the work done in production. Although the ISO 15341:2007 maps out certain KPIs, the creation of a new one was necessary. The result was a two phases KPI, in which its values are matched to a decision matrix that gives a qualitative evaluation of the performed work. The second step was to create a decision-making tool to evaluate the obsolescence of electronic components and choose the mitigation approach. The IEC 62402:2007 shows some terminology and some conditions to check for obsolescence, but does not point out whether a proactive or a reactive approach should be used. Like the KPI developed, it is also composed of a two-phase process. The first phase helps to see which components are at a higher risk to become obsolescent, while the second phase evaluates the repercussions to mitigate its obsolescence. The values obtained are also connected to a decision matrix to decide whether the approach for its mitigation should be proactive or reactive. The novel KPI and obsolescence approach were successfully tested in practice in a dairy processing factory, showing perfectly fulfil the goals initially set.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Continuous improvement in maintenance: a case study in the automotive industry involving Lean tools

Maintenance function assumes a key role in today’s industry. The automotive industry is not an exception and there are strict rules to comply with. Indeed, the IATF 16949:2016 imposes the implementation of key performance indicator as a mean to control the overall manufacturing performance. This work presents a case study carried out in a multinational company related with the production of parts for the automotive industry where it was necessary to implement key performance indicators to comply with the IATF 16949: 2016 standard and a model was also created for the management of spare parts linked to the maintenance of existing equipment. The introduction of these changes forced the application of some Lean tools, with a view to improving procedures and information flows. The work was completed successfully, and key performance indicators were implemented, whose support data, which is now collected and calculated automatically on a routine basis, and the spare-parts management was validated with a view to optimization of warehouse space and at a conveniently low inventory level in this type of parts, without endangering critical equipment in production. The SMED methodology was applied, which allowed the setup time to be reduced by 11%, and the Lean 5S tool was used to organize the mould exchange activities. An OEE of more than 90% has been achieved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio