NAS FRONTEIRAS DA HISTÓRIA: Memória, Gênero e Cinema em Europa e América

O dossiê que ora apresentamos, em torno das complexas relações entre a Memória, o Gênero e o Cinema, visa criar oportunidades para a produção de temáticas sobre a História,  as Relações de Gênero e a Comunicação, com foco em metodologias que permitam a interdisciplinaridade, envolvendo estes cinco eixos

Epidemiology and outcomes of non-cardiac surgical patients in Brazilian intensive care units

OBJECTIVES: Due to the dramatic medical breakthroughs and an increasingly ageing population, the proportion of patients who are at risk of dying following surgery is increasing over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and the epidemiology of non-cardiac surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: A multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study was carried out in 21 intensive care units. A total of 885 adult surgical patients admitted to a participating intensive care unit from April to June 2006 were evaluated and 587 patients were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were trauma, cardiac, neurological, gynecologic, obstetric and palliative surgeries. The main outcome measures were postoperative complications and intensive care unit and 90-day mortality rates. RESULTS: Major and urgent surgeries were performed in 66.4% and 31.7% of the patients, respectively. The intensive care unit mortality rate was 15%, and 38% of the patients had postoperative complications. The most common complication was infection or sepsis (24.7%). Myocardial ischemia was diagnosed in only 1.9% of the patients. A total of 94 % of the patients who died after surgery had co-morbidities at the time of surgery (3.4 ± 2.2). Multiple organ failure was the main cause of death (53%). CONCLUSION: Sepsis is the predominant cause of morbidity in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. In this patient population, multiple organ failure prevailed as the most frequent cause of death in the hospital.OBJETIVO: Devido aos avanços da medicina e ao envelhecimento da população, a proporção de pacientes em risco de morte após cirurgias está aumentando. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o desfecho e a epidemiologia de cirurgias não cardíacas em pacientes admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, observacional, de coorte, realizado em 21 unidades de terapia intensiva. Um total de 885 pacientes adultos, cirúrgicos, consecutivamente admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva no período de abril a junho de 2006 foi avaliado e destes, 587 foram incluídos. Os critérios de exclusão foram; trauma, cirurgias cardíacas, neurológicas, ginecológicas, obstétricas e paliativas. Os principais desfechos foram complicações pós-cirúrgicas e mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e 90 dias após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Cirurgias de grande porte e de urgência foram realizadas em 66,4% e 31,7%, dos pacientes, respectivamente. A taxa de mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 15%, e 38% dos pacientes tiveram complicações no pós-operatório. A complicação mais comum foi infecção ou sepse (24,7%). Isquemia miocárdica foi diagnosticada em apenas 1,9%. Um total de 94 % dos pacientes que morreram após a cirurgia tinha co-morbidades associadas (3,4 ± 2,2). A principal causa de óbito foi disfunção de múltiplos órgãos (53%). CONCLUSÃO: Sepse é a causa predominante de morbidade em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias não cardíacas. A grande maioria dos óbitos no pós-operatório ocorreu por disfunção de múltiplos órgãos.Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio PretoServidor Público Estadual Serviço de Terapia IntensivaHospital São Lucas Unidade Coronariana IntensivaHospital Moinhos de Vento Centro de Terapia IntensivaClínica Sorocaba Centro de Terapia IntensivaClínica São Vicente Centro de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Federal da Paraíba Hospital Universitário Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de AdultosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hospital Pró-Cardíaco Centro de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul Hospital Universitário Centro de Terapia Intensiva AdultoUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaHospital de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Estadual do PiauíHospital Santa Luzia Centro de Terapia IntensivaUniversidade Estadual do Oeste do ParanáFaculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto Hospital de BaseHospital do Servidor Público EstadualHospital Cardiotrauma IpanemaSanta Casa de Misericórdia Centro de Terapia IntensivaUNIFESPSciEL

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Em busca da identidade dos instrumentos musicais no Brasil: um estudo exploratório da literatura de cordel

Based on a collection of 2340 poems, the present article aims to explore the identity of musical instruments considered most popular by the printed Literatura de Cordel (Cordel Literature) in the countryside of Northeastern and Northern regions of Brazil, from the end of the 19th Century to present days. The Cordel Literature is known for representing the views of the social group from which it is originated rather than the creative work of its poets/writers. In search of musical instruments mentioned in the text, some of them were selected due to frequency and relevance of the context found: e.g. the Brazilian viola (a five course guitar), the violão (the six string guitar), the violin, the mandolin, the rabeca (Brazilian fiddle), the electric guitar and the piano. The violão and the Brazilian viola, which are similar in shape, are seen by that population in quite different ways. The fiddle is a popular instrument, but had only a few mentions. Other instruments like the violin, the mandolin, the piano and the electric guitar are described as urban instruments, thus less known in that context.O presente trabalho procura, em consulta a uma coleção de 2340 obras da Literatura de Cordel, explorar identidades culturais presentes nos instrumentos musicais aparentemente mais populares junto à população cultora de tal forma literária - sertão nordestino e parte da Região Norte do Brasil - desde o final do século XIX até o presente. Há no trabalho o pressuposto de que a Literatura de Cordel representa, muito mais que o trabalho criativo dos seus autores, as práticas vigentes no grupo social que a origina. Assim, à procura de menções a instrumentos musicais, este estudo detém-se em alguns deles, pela frequência e relevância da sua caracterização: viola caipira, violão, violino, bandolim, rabeca, guitarra elétrica e piano. Instrumentos aparentemente próximos como a viola e o violão são vistos de formas muito distintas pela população considerada. A rabeca, instrumento popular, poucas vezes é citada. Outros instrumentos, como violino, bandolim, piano e guitarra elétrica, são retratados como instrumentos urbanos e menos conhecidos

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Descrição morfológica dos ovários do peixe Melanotaenia boesemani em atividade reprodutiva

Resumo: Estudou-se o tecido germinativo ovariano do peixe Melanotaenia boesemani. Por meio de análises morfológicas das gônadas, realizadas após a confecção de lâminas histológicas elaboradas em parafina e coradas com hematoxilina-eosina, foram descritos os tipos celulares encontrados e realizada a classificação do estádio de maturidade dos peixes. Macroscopicamente, foi identificado que a referida espécie possui ovário único, arredondado e, na fase observada, amarelado, localizado na parte látero-anterior da cavidade celomática. As fêmeas analisadas foram classificadas na escala de desenvolvimento gonadal como maduro/em reprodução. A presença de folículos vazios e marcas de desova nas lamelas ovulígeras mostrou-se evidente. Nos ovócitos vitelogênicos deste peixe, foi constatada a presença de filamentos de adesão ovocitária ancorados à zona pelúcida. Os ovários apresentaram aspecto morfológico geral semelhante ao de outros peixes teleósteos. Seu tipo de desova foi classificado como intermitente e o padrão de desenvolvimento de ovócitos, como assincrônico

A Method for Detecting Pathologies in Concrete Structures Using Deep Neural Networks

Pathologies in concrete structures, such as cracks, splintering, efflorescence, corrosion spots, and exposed steel bars, can be visually evidenced on the concrete surface. This paper proposes a method for automatically detecting these pathologies from images of the concrete structure. The proposed method uses deep neural networks to detect pathologies in these images. This method results in time savings and error reduction. The paper presents results in detecting the pathologies from wide-angle images containing the overall structure and also for the specific pathology identification task for cropped images of the region of the pathology. Identifying pathologies in cropped images, the classification task could be performed with 99.4% accuracy using cross-validation and classifying cracks. Wide images containing no, one, or several pathologies in the same image, the case of pathology detection, could be analyzed with the YOLO network to identify five pathology classes. The results for detection with YOLO were measured with mAP, mean Average Precision, for five classes of concrete pathology, reaching 11.80% for fissure, 19.22% for fragmentation, 5.62% for efflorescence, 27.24% for exposed bar, and 24.44% for corrosion. Pathology identification in concrete photos can be optimized using deep learning