Brazilian Cerrado natural vegetation dataset

This dataset is composed of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data of several areas of the Brazilian Cerrado for the development of supervised deep learning algorithms on SAR-optical data fusion. The reference data created was built based on the TerraClass Cerrado 2018 map of the same area and the vegetation map produced by Bendini, Hugo N; Fonseca, Leila Maria Garcia; Schwieder, Marcel; Rufin, Philippe; Körting, Thales Sehn; Koumrouyan, Adriana; Hostert, Patrick (2020): Combining environmental and landsat analysis ready data for vegetation mapping: a case study in the Brazilian Savanna biome. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLIII-B3-2020, 953-960, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-953-2020. It is composed of 15002 training patches, 4000 validation patches, both of size 384x384, and 10 testing images of aprox. 100x100 square km. The Sentinel-2 data is identified by the S2 prefix, and is composed of the 10m and 20m bands of the original Sentinel-2 image. The Sentinel-1 data is identified as S1 and it has 7 bands in a 10m resolution-cell, consisting of the intensities in both polarizations (VV and VH), the real and imaginary part of the off-diagonal of the coherence matrix, and the 3 elements of the H-alpha dual-pol decomposition. The reference data is presented in two ways: one at 10m, which is identified by the GT prefix, and another at 30m, which is identified by the prefix MN. The 30m reference comes from the original reference maps the dataset was based on, since they were produced by Landsat images

Cork stoppers supply chain: potential scenarios for environmental impact reduction

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the environmental impacts deriving from the production of natural cork stoppers in Portugal, in order to identify the most significant stages and processes (hotspots) and to suggest improvement actions and alternative scenarios. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is used by applying a cradle-to-bottling approach. This approach includes the stages of forest management (not considered in related LCA studies), cork preparation, natural cork stoppers production, finishing and distribution to the bottling locations. The results show that the forest management stage has the largest contribution to the environmental impact of natural cork stoppers in the majority of the impact categories. More specifically, the greatest influence derives from the operations of pruning and spontaneous vegetation cleaning. Additionally, the preparation stage and the production stage influence two impact categories each, while the finishing stage is the hotspot in one impact category. These contributions are mainly caused by the energy requirements of these stages. The total environmental impacts may be decreased by 3%–65% if maintenance pruning operations are not performed and simultaneously cleaning operations are undertaken by rotary mowers instead of disc harrows in the forest management stage. Changes in the production stage, such as decreasing the transport distance between the preparation and the production factory or the use of a combination of manual and mechanical punching, do not show great influence in the total environmental impact.publishe