Monitoramento e diagnóstico operacional de uma unidade de hidrotratamento usando análise de componentes principais

Nos dias de hoje, as indústrias são confrontadas com um cenário complexo e desafiante em que necessitam fabricar produtos com preços e qualidade competitivos, ao mesmo tempo em que estão sujeitas a regras de segurança e ambientais. Para atender a tais compromissos, ferramentas de controle automático de processos vêm sendo continuamente aprimoradas. Adicionalmente, tem-se buscado o monitoramento do maior número de variáveis possível. Porém, com o aumento do acompanhamento de variáveis, o operador não consegue focar a atenção em cada uma isoladamente, perdendo, com isso, o efeito que as mesmas possuem para a operacionalidade do processo. Para lidar com essa situação, existem ferramentas baseadas em estatística multivariada, as quais contribuem para a diminuição da quantidade de variáveis sem que haja a perda de informações significativas. Uma destas ferramentas é a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). O processo de hidrotratamento (HDT) tem grande importância na remoção de contaminantes e possui diversas variáveis a serem acompanhadas, dificultando seu monitoramento efetivo. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um classificador baseado em ACP para monitoramento e diagnóstico operacional do processo de HDT de Diesel da REDUC (Refinaria Duque de Caxias/PETROBRAS). Para tanto, dados de 14 variáveis de operação foram coletados (entre dezembro de 2004 e dezembro de 2006), tratados e analisados. Como resultado, a abordagem desenvolvida mostrou-se eficaz no diagnóstico de condições operacionais distintas (em termos de vazões de carga e de temperatura de entrada no primeiro reator da unidade), sendo ainda de fácil implementação em sistemas de apoio a operadores

Family interview for organ donation: necessary knowledge according to coordinators in organ transplants

Objective: this study aimed to understand the importance attached to family interview within steps of organ donation by the multidisciplinary team in transplantation; and identify which skills are required for the interview. Method: a qualitative approach, a hermeneutic study; approved by the Ethics Committee nº 321/11. Data were obtained with twenty-four subjects in the period January/May 2012 by semi-structured interview with eight open questions. Results: family interview is regarded as crucial for the process of donation; it also represents a means of education and emotional support. It is necessary to have technical knowledge, know and believe in the donation process, have personal and professional characteristics specific to accomplish it, as well as know how to deal with family members. Conclusion: interview is recognized as an extremely important moment in this process, representing a crucial point, in which not only the technical knowledge is relevant but also the emotional preparation of the interviewer

Performance of solar dryer with thermal energy storage in brazilian cerrado region / Rendimento de secador solar com armazenamento de energia térmica em região do cerrado brasileiro

Solar drying is an important technique for preserving food and agricultural products. This is a form of energy that has developed, as it is sustainable and low cost, however its intermittent nature is a limiting factor. Thus, the objective was to evaluate a solar dryer with integrated to a paraffin-based thermal energy storage system, as a phase change material (PCM), in the Brazilian cerrado region. Two dryers were built: one with PCM (Dryer 1) and the other without (Dryer 2). To carry out the experiment, the banana apple was dried in three experiments, corresponding to the days of exposure of the equipment to the sun. The dryers were evaluated for thermal efficiency and mass efficiency. The highest temperature measured was 71.7 °C for Dryers 1 to Experiments 1 and 2. The highest thermal yield observed was for dryer 2, with 45.82%. Dryer 1 showed higher mass efficiencies in the three drying days. Both dryers are suitable to produce dried bananas

Promoting the mental health of health professionals

Objective: identifying the requirements and the main measures adopted to promote the mental health of health workers. Method: an integrative review conducted in the period from the 1st to 25th August 2014, from the virtual health library in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE and SciELO. There were investigated articles from the last four years in Portuguese. Applying inclusion criteria, it came to a total of 07 articles. Results: the promotion of mental health at work becomes of paramount importance to achieve emotional balance of health professionals, as well as to understand the causes of eventual disruptions of this balance. Conclusions: it registers the need to put in practice actions that promote the mental health of these subjects

Influence of temperature and culture media on growth and lipolytic activity of deep-sea Halomonas sulfidaeris LAMA 838 and Marinobacter excellens LAMA 842

Bacteria with lipolytic activity are widespread in the marine environment. These organisms can be usedas a source of lipases with activity in unusual conditions such as low temperatures and high salinities.These characteristics allow them to be applied to several industrial processes and products includingwastewater treatment and detergent production. In this context the lipolytic activity of bacteria isolatedfrom deep-sea sediments of the South Atlantic was evaluated. Among the collection studied, two strains,Halomonas sulfidaeris LAMA 838 and Marinobacter excellens LAMA 842, were selected for further analysisconcerning their growth and lipolytic activity in different temperatures and culture media. Both strainswere characterized as mesophiles: H. sulfidaeris LAMA 838 grew best at 30ºC, while M. excellens LAMA 842showed a maximum growth rate between 20 and 25ºC. Maximum lipolytic activity for both microorganismswas observed above 45ºC, but only M. excellens LAMA 842 had lipolytic activity at low temperatures (5ºC) aswell. Considering the culture media employed, H. sulfidaeris LAMA 838 grew better in marine broth withoutTween 40, while M. excellens LAMA 842 grew best in marine broth supplemented with Tween 40. Bothorganisms had maximum lipolytic activity in rich or minimal media supplemented with Tween 40. Theseresults demonstrate the potential of deep-sea bacteria as sources of lipases and indicate conditions thatmay be used in their cultivation and for the production of industrially relevant enzymes

Técnicas do Rastramento Ocular no Diagnóstico do Transtorno Depressivo: uma revisão sistemática

This systematic review aimed to verify the empirical evidence of the application of the eye tracking technique in depressive disorder. The PubMed, PsyInfo and Web of Science databases were used, using the following descriptors: ((Depression OR "Affective Disorders") AND ("Eye Tracking" OR Eye-Tracking OR "Eye Movements" OR "Eye Tracker" OR "Eye Gaze")). According to the eligibility criteria, sixteen relevant studies were identified and its methods, results and their main limitations were verified. The results suggest an increase in latency and reaction time to detect complex stimuli, e.g. the recognition of emotional facial expressions. In addition, greater numbers of fixations in stimuli of negative emotional content were observed. The findings demonstrate that changes in eye movement measurements in depressive disorder are associated with an attentional bias mechanism. It is concluded that Eye Tracking is a useful tool for psychophysiological assessment of depressive disorder.Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo verificar as evidências empíricas da aplicação da técnica de rastreamento ocular no transtorno depressivo. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, PsyInfo e Web of Science, utilizando os seguintes descritores: ((Depression OR "Affective Disorders") AND ("Eye Tracking" OR Eye-Tracking OR "Eye Movements" OR "Eye Tracker" OR "Eye Gaze")). De acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade, foram identificados cinco estudos relevantes e verificados seus métodos, resultados e suas principais limitações. Os resultados sugerem um aumento na latência e no tempo de reação para detectar estímulos complexos, por ex. o reconhecimento de expressões faciais emocionais. Além disso, observou-se um maior número de fixações em estímulos de conteúdo emocional negativo. Os resultados demonstram que as alterações nas medidas dos movimentos oculares no transtorno depressivo estão associadas a um mecanismo de viés de atenção. Conclui-se que o rastreamento ocular é uma ferramenta útil para avaliação psicofisiológica do transtorno depressivo

THE INFLUENCE OF INITIAL IRRIGATION ON THE GROWTH OF TWO HYBRIDS OF EUCALYPTUS

 In order to maximize the productivity of forest species, techniques such as irrigation have been used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water use efficiency and the influence of the irrigation located in the growth of the hybrids of eucalyptus Grancam and Urograndis at 65 months. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), in Aquidauana (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). The experimental design was randomized blocks with subdivided plots. The treatments used in the plots were two irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip) and one control treatment with no irrigation (dryland), and in the subplots, the two hybrids of eucalyptus: Grancam (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis), submitted to irrigation up to the 53° month after planting (MAP). The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the Tukey test for means comparisons at 5% of probability. The use of irrigation in eucalyptus influences the productivity, providing increased wood volume, height of plants and diameter at breast height (DBH). The hybrid Grancam showed greater increase in height, and Urograndis increased in DBH. The higher efficiency of water use for the volumetric production of wood was observed in drip irrigation for the hybrid Grancam. The hybrid Urograndis is more efficient in the use of water for the volumetric production of wood regardless of the treatment.  In order to maximize the productivity of forest species, techniques such as irrigation have been used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water use efficiency and the influence of the irrigation located in the growth of the hybrids of eucalyptus Grancam and Urograndis at 65 months. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), in Aquidauana (state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). The experimental design was randomized blocks with subdivided plots. The treatments used in the plots were two irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip) and one control treatment with no irrigation (dryland), and in the subplots, the two hybrids of eucalyptus: Grancam (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis), submitted to irrigation up to the 53° month after planting (MAP). The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the Tukey test for means comparisons at 5% of probability. The use of irrigation in eucalyptus influences the productivity, providing increased wood volume, height of plants and diameter at breast height (DBH). The hybrid Grancam showed greater increase in height, and Urograndis increased in DBH. The higher efficiency of water use for the volumetric production of wood was observed in drip irrigation for the hybrid Grancam. The hybrid Urograndis is more efficient in the use of water for the volumetric production of wood regardless of the treatmen