Animal Models of Obesity Characterized by Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) development, as the leading cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD is intrinsically related to obesity disorders, especially insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Interaction between NAFLD and obesity still needs further clarification, and it is necessary to dertemine the mechanisms of these disorders in animal models of disease. Such models are usually the result of genetic and/or nutritional modifications, considering metabolic and histological changes commonly seen in humans. Obesity induced in rodents occur mainly through HFD, HCD, FFD or genetic alterations like in Lep, Acox, KKy models. These models are analogous to NAFLD development, since the increasing visceral fat is highly associated with the accumulation of fat in the form of triglycerides in the liver. Inflammatory markers such as TNF-alpha and IR are active in the predisposition of lipolysis. Hepatic inflammation during NAFLD can also be unleashed by oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms involved in the progression from NAFLD to NASH are not yet elucidated, as some models have shown unexpected outcomes such as severe malnutrition or obesity markers absence and IR after the use of Minimal-change disease (MCD) therapies and drugs, respectively. Thus, it is important to evaluate different animal models of obesity able to induce the profile of NAFLD and NASH disease in humans, assessing their mechanisms of action. The aim of this chapter is to have a comparative analysis of animal models commongly used in the pathophysiology of obesity that present NAFLD/NASH

Os desafios e as dificuldades do adulto no ensino superior

This work aims to promote a discussion on the entry of adult students over 40 years in higher education at the Federal University of Paraiba - UFPB - addressing its challenges and difficulties and also what motivates this audience to seek knowledge in undergraduate course this educational institution. Some limitations age places require a constant adjustment between the effective capacity of achievement and the requirements of the university world, experiencing pressure for success that personal life and often require professional. Questionnaires were given to 08 subjects aged 41 to 57 years, in order to understand the challenges and difficulties they feel these adult learners and also to know the strategies they use to "survive" and to achieve "success" in the middle university.Este trabalho tem como objetivo promover uma discussão sobre o ingresso de alunos adultos acima de 40 anos no ensino superior na Universidade Federal da Paraíba – UFPB -, abordando seus desafios e dificuldades e também o que motiva esse público a buscar o conhecimento num curso de graduação dessa instituição de ensino. Algumas limitações que a idade coloca exigem um ajustamento constante entre a efetiva capacidade de realização e as exigências do mundo universitário, experimentando uma pressão para o sucesso que a vida pessoal e, muitas vezes, profissional impõe. Foram entregues questionários a 08 sujeitos com idades entre 41 e 57 anos, com o objetivo de compreender os desafios e as dificuldades que sentem esses alunos adultos e também para conhecer as estratégias que utilizam para "sobreviver" e para alcançar o "sucesso" no meio universitário

Quantitative vulnerability assessment of Corda river water basin: impacts of seasonality on water quality in the State of Maranhao

The Corda river is the main source of fresh water for recreation, leisure, supply and irrigation to the municipality of Barra do Corda - MA. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of Corda river’s water using the methodology described by the American Public Health Association. The water samples were collected in the seasonal period spanning between February and September of the year of 2018. The parameters which were analyzed during the study were pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids and salinity, besides concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and total phosphorus. Three principal components were identified during the PC Analysis. Those components explain more than 74% of the total variance observed during the rainy and dry season. Axis 1and 2 included variables which were related to quality of water and could be affected by the change in seasons. The results indicated that pH (7.11), P (2,82 mg L-1), NO3- (3,23 mg L-1), turbidity (35.82 NTU) and conductivity (35.83 µS/cm) parameters were most affected by changing from rainy to dry season

Description and characterization morphostructural automated Myrciaria dubia seeds (Kunth) McVaugh: Diagnostic Imaging

Description and characterization morphostructural automated Myrciaria dubia seeds (Kunth) McVaugh: Diagnostic Imaging). The use of diagnostic imaging technology has been presented as an important tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of the morphology and uniformity of plant materials such as seeds, fruits and seedlings. Thus, this study aimed to describe and characterize seeds that had been bioprocessed from the pulp extraction of the fruits of Myrciaria dubia; these seeds are used in research with technological prospecting and experimental processing in small agro-industries, with the intent of producing quality seedlings for use as raw material for the manufacture of new biotechnology products in the northern Amazon. The study was conducted in waste laboratories and seeds of the EMBRAPA. Representative samples of seeds were selected from December 2013 and were described and characterized by its internal and external parts in the System for Seed Analysis (SAS) by applying the principles of diagnostic imaging techniques. The seeds were 1.72 cm in diameter with an interval of 1.50 cm - 1.99 cm and were 0.49 cm long. The minimum average diameter was 1.18 cm, with intervals ranging from 1.01 to 1.34 cm. For the predominant colors, blue, green and red channels values had values of 31.19, 49.69, and 87.94, respectively, with noticeable visual observations that demonstrated the maturation phase. The diagnostic imaging technique allows for the efficient and effective characterization and classification of morphostructural M. dubia seeds compared to the conventional method.(Descrição e caracterização morfo-estrutural automatizada de sementes de Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh: Diagnóstico por imagem). O uso da tecnologia de diagnóstico por imagem vem se apresentando como importante ferramenta para uma análise rápida e precisa referente a morfologia e uniformidade de materiais vegetais tais como sementes, frutos e mudas. Assim, neste trabalho objetivou-se descrever e caracterizar as sementes, remanescente bioprocessado, proveniente da extração da polpa dos frutos de Myrciaria dubia, utilizados em pesquisas com prospecção tecnológica e processamento experimental em agroindústrias de pequeno porte, com vistas a produção de mudas de qualidade e uso como matéria-prima para fabricação de novos produtos biotecnológicos na Amazônia setentrional. O estudo foi realizado nos laboratórios de resíduos e sementes da EMBRAPA. Amostras representativas de sementes foram selecionadas a partir de dezembro de 2013, sendo descritas e caracterizadas no Sistema para Análise de Sementes (SAS) aplicando-se os principios da técnica de diagnose por imagem. As sementes apresentaram 1,72 centímetros de diâmetro, com um intervalo de 1,50 cm - 1,99 centímetros e 0,49 cm de comprimento. O diâmetro mínimo médio foi de 1,18 cm, com intervalos de 1,01-1,34 cm. Para as cores predominantes, os canais de valores azuis, verdes e vermelhos tiveram os valores de 31,19, 49,69, 87,94, respectivamente, perceptíveis com observações visuais, demonstrando a fase de maturação do fruto. A técnica de diagnose por imagens permite a caracterização e classificação morfoestrutural da semente de M. dubia, de forma eficiente e eficaz, quando comparada ao método convencional

Nursing actions facing reactions to chemotherapy in oncological patients

Objective: Describing the action of nursing facing the chemotherapy reactions in oncological patients. Method: Integrated review of literature of 14 scientific articles published in the last 10 years. Results: The adverse reactions inherent to the chemotherapy treatment manifested by the patients are frequent. Nausea and vomit were the main reactions described in chemotherapy. The nursing job is developed through the orientation before and during the treatment and has as an primordial objective the improvement of the psychological state of the patient, ensuring security in the proposed treatment. Conclusion: The orientation leads to a better acceptance of chemotherapy, favoring the continuation of the treatment. The need of an improvement of the registers of nursing was evidenced, as well as the implementation of the evaluation process in the construction of to evaluate the procedure and or specific interventions

Testicular features of semi-confined Nellore bulls subjected to immunocastration

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da imunocastração no perímetro escrotal, assim como nas características testiculares macroscópicas e microscópicas de touros Nelore criados em um sistema de semiconfinamento por 91 dias. Sessenta animais foram divididos em dois grupos: 30 animais inteiros (não vacinados) e 30 imunocastrados. Os animais imunocastrados receberam duas doses de uma vacina anti-GnRH (Bopriva® - Zoetis Ltda). O perímetro escrotal (PE) foi mensurado nos dias 0 e 56. Parâmetros testiculares: atributos biométricos (comprimento, largura e altura – cm; volume cm3) e peso (g) foram medidos no dia 91. Três testículos de cada grupo foram processados para histologia clássica a fim de avaliar o diâmetro e a espessura do epitélio dos túbulos seminíferos (µm). Os dados foram analisados pelo software estatístico Minitab® 19. As médias das características macroscópicas (PE, peso, volume, comprimento, largura e altura dos testículos) e das microscópicas (diâmetro e espessura do epitélio dos túbulos seminíferos) foram comparadas entre os dois grupos pelos testes t de Student e Mann-Whitney. Todos os valores foram menores (p<0,05) em animais imunizados contra o GnRH, exceto a altura média do testículo direito e o diâmetro do túbulo seminífero. Os resultados indicam que a imunização contra o GnRH afeta o desenvolvimento testicular.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immunocastration on the scrotal circumference, as well as in the macroscopic and microscopic testicular features in Nellore bulls bred under a semi-confining system for 91 days. Sixty animals were divided into two groups: 30 intact animals (non-vaccinated) and 30 immunocastrated animals. The immunocastrated animals were treated with two anti-GnRH vaccine doses (BoprivaTM - Zoetis Australia Pty Ltd). The scrotal circumference (SC) was measured on days 0 and 56. Testicular parameters: biometry traits (length, width, and height – cm; volume – cm3 ) and weight (g) was measured on day 91. Three testicles from each group were histologically processed to find the seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness (µm). Data were analyzed in the Minitab® 19 statistical software. The macroscopic features (SC, and testes weight, volume, length, width, and height) and the microscopic features (seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness) were compared between the two groups through Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney test. All the values were lower (p<0.05) in animals immunized against GnRH, except for the right testis width and seminiferous tubule diameter. Results indicate that immunization against GnRH affected testicular development