Usina autossustentável de incineração de lixo dispensável pela reciclagem: estudo de viabilidade para a cidade de Belo Horizonte / Self-sustainable waste incineration plant responsible for recycling: feasibility study for the city of Belo Horizonte

Esta pesquisa aborda um estudo preliminar propondo a utilização de um incinerador de lixo urbano como peça fundamental no processo de redução desses dejetos, ou seja, resíduos contaminados que teriam como destino aterros ou lixões, visto que toneladas de lixo se acumulam nesses locais, com o passar do tempo e aumento da população o problema se torna mais grave. A Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte trabalha com ações capazes de aumentar a quantidade de materiais que podem ser reaproveitados e transformados em outros produtos, sendo necessário apenas expandir as ações que existem. A proposta deste artigo é utilizar tecnologias já existentes e aprimorá-las, criando mecanismos que unam sociedade, sustentabilidade, ciência, trabalho e inovação em um só âmbito. Todavia, o processo começa nas residências com a separação correta do lixo, sendo que após a coleta seletiva a matéria-prima segue para os galpões onde cada classe receberá o tratamento adequado para transformação em novos produtos. O projeto propõe geração ininterrupta de energia através do uso de resíduos da reciclagem e uso de materiais. Além disso, é realizada uma pesquisa de opinião geral, que aborda questões sobre o processo a ser aplicado

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Avaliação da integridade de tesouras de caibro armado de madeira do século XIX através de ensaios não-destrutivos

Submitted by Guilherme Lemes ([email protected]) on 2019-11-13T17:15:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final_ VERSÃO FINAL_AGO-2019.pdf: 5691251 bytes, checksum: 33184c896ffc07f6752436aa065d365e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Jane Campos ([email protected]) on 2019-11-14T12:28:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final_ VERSÃO FINAL_AGO-2019.pdf: 5691251 bytes, checksum: 33184c896ffc07f6752436aa065d365e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-22T18:46:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final_ VERSÃO FINAL_AGO-2019.pdf: 5691251 bytes, checksum: 33184c896ffc07f6752436aa065d365e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-25CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorAs tecnologias utilizadas nos sistemas de cobertura do período colonial brasileiro são heranças da engenharia desenvolvida nos países colonizadores. Portugal como principal país colonizador do Brasil, aportou na então colônia, tecnologias construtivas que aproximaram ainda mais as duas culturas. A composição da simetria e volumetria das edificações das cidades de Braga, Porto e Guimarães assemelham-se com as cidades de Ouro Preto, Mariana e São João Del Rey. Fato se dá a imigração de engenheiros, arquitetos e militares da região norte portuguesa a então região de exploração das minas. Dentre os conhecimentos construtivos herdados pelos mestres de obra, as tipologias de cobertura tiveram destaque. As asnas de nível foram adaptadas ao regionalismo mineiro como tesouras de caibro-armado, o que de fato determinou a exuberante execução dos forros e ornatos no interior das edificações religiosas. Entretanto a madeira, como material orgânico e heterogêneo, necessita de inspeções minuciosas para determinação dos métodos mais adequados a manutenção de seus elementos. Metodologias não destrutivas são essenciais para as ações de preservação do patrimônio cultural edificado pois permitem a aplicação de métodos de inspeção sem a degradação do material. Neste contexto, a elaboração de uma metodologia de inspeção que englobe variáveis físicas e mecânicas das coberturas antigas considerando o difícil acesso aos elementos de madeira, a instabilidade da tipologia, a historicidade do sistema construtivo e o frágil estado da arte das construções são de exímia importância para a preservação das edificações históricas. Com isso, esta tese apresenta uma metodologia não destrutiva utilizando os métodos de termografia ativa, tomografia acústica e raio-x na inspeção da integridade de uma tesoura da Igreja do Santíssimo Sacramento da cidade de Jequitibá, Minas Gerais, investigando a historicidade do sistema construtivo de caibro-armado e suas raízes portuguesas.The technologies used in the coverage systems of the Brazilian colonial period are inheritances of the engineering developed in the colonizing countries. Portugal as the main colonizing country of Brazil, contributed in the then colony constructive technologies that brought the two cultures closer together. The composition of the symmetry and volumetry of the buildings of the cities of Braga, Porto and Guimarães are similar to the cities of Ouro Preto, Mariana and São João Del Rey. The immigration of engineers, architects and military personnel from the north of Portugal mining region. Among the constructive knowledge inherited by the work masters, the types of coverage were highlighted. The level donkeys were adapted to the regionalism of Minas Gerais as armor-sheared scissors, which in fact determined the exuberant execution of the linings and adornments inside the religious buildings. However, wood, as organic and heterogeneous material, requires careful inspections to determine the most appropriate methods for the maintenance of its elements. Non-destructive methodologies are essential for the preservation actions of the built cultural patrimony, since they allow the application of methods of inspection without the degradation of the material. In this context, the elaboration of an inspection methodology that includes physical and mechanical variables of the old roofs considering the difficult access to the wood elements, the instability of the typology, the historicity of the constructive system and the fragile state of the art of constructions are of great importance for the preservation of historic buildings. This thesis presents a non-destructive methodology using the methods of active thermography, acoustic tomography and x-ray in the inspection of the integrity of a scissors of the Church of the Blessed Sacrament of the city of Jequitibá, Minas Gerais, investigating the historicity of the constructive system of armed bandit and its Portuguese roots

Avaliação do desempenho estrutural da tesoura de caibro-armado e solução estrutural em aço para telhados coloniais.

Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.A arquitetura colonial brasileira é singular devido às diferentes influências europeias em sua concepção. Cidades como Ouro Preto e Diamantina, ambas em Minas Gerais, são referencias mundiais da arquitetura de colônia, onde, apesar da primitiva arquitetura realizada, conseguiram, através de seus mestres de obras, edificar exímios monumentos da humanidade. As obras de conservação e restauro nas últimas décadas no Brasil tiveram um grande impulso, advindas da necessidade de preservação da nossa cultura e das diretrizes internacionais apresentadas através das cartas patrimoniais. Neste contexto este trabalho realiza um estudo numérico, através do software FTOOL (2012), da tesoura de caibro-armado, sistema construtivo bastante difundido entre os séculos XVII e XIX nas cidades históricas brasileiras. Foram realizadas vistorias em algumas edificações do centro histórico de Ouro Preto, com o apoio do PROGRAMA MONUMENTA/IPHAN, para maior conhecimento construtivo desta treliça. Como embasamento técnico e normativo seguiu-se a norma técnica brasileira NBR 7190:1997 para cálculo das ações atuantes nas estruturas de madeira. Os resultados mostraram que a resultante das forças na treliça em madeira é a principal fonte de patologia do sistema estrutural, indo de antemão ao que se acreditava que era o empuxo lateral que causava os deslocamentos e rotações nas paredes. Portanto foi sugerida a inserção da treliça de caibro-armado em aço, que para os cálculos das ações seguiu-se as diretrizes da norma brasileira NBR 8800:2008 para estruturas em aço, respeitando a arquitetura e espaços propostos pelo caibro-armado acrescidos dos benefícios do uso deste material.The Brazilian colonial architecture is unique because of the different European influences in its design . Cities like Ouro Preto and Diamantina , both in Minas Gerais, are references global architecture colony, where, despite the primitive architecture held , managed , through their foremen , proficient build monuments of mankind . The works of conservation and restoration in recent decades in Brazil had a big boost , arising from the need to preserve our culture and international guidelines presented through letters equity . Therefore, this work carries out a numerical study , using software FTOOL (2012 ) , Shear rafter - armed, constructive system widespread between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries in the historical Brazilian cities . Surveys were conducted in some buildings of the historic center of Ouro Preto , with the support of the PROGRAM MONUMENTA / IPHAN for greater constructive knowledge of this lattice . As technical foundation and normative followed the Brazilian NBR 7190:1997 standard technique for calculating the shares of the structures of wood. The results showed that the resultant of the forces in the truss wood is the primary source of structural system pathology going to advance it was believed that the lateral thrust causing displacements and rotations walls. Therefore it was suggested inserting the truss rafter - reinforced steel , for which the calculations of the actions followed the guidelines of the Brazilian standard NBR 8800:2008 for steel structures , respecting the architecture and spaces proposed by rafter - armed plus benefits the use of this material

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data