Avaliação do efeito de injeção de gás nitrogênio por meio de hastes tampão na limpeza e lingotabilidade de aços especiais

Para a realização deste trabalho, foram realizados testes em escala industrial em uma usina siderúrgica voltada à produção de aços para a indústria automotiva. O trabalho se baseia no estudo do efeito da injeção de gás nitrogênio pela ponta das válvulas tampão utilizadas no distribuidor do lingotamento contínuo. Para tanto, foram avaliados parâmetros de controle para a presença de macroinclusões, a lingotabilidade ao longo dos testes, assim como a presença de pinholes nos tarugos e depósitos nas válvulas submersas. Para fins de verificação da influência do nitrogênio sob a composição química, avaliou-se também o pick-up de nitrogênio das corridas testadas. Amostragens de aço líquido no distribuidor, tarugos e barras foram realizadas para avaliar o comportamento das inclusões. Amostragem de depósitos de válvulas com e sem a injeção de nitrogênio pelos tampões foram realizadas para avaliar o acúmulo de inclusões no local e a tendência à “clogging”. Testes prévios a este trabalho foram realizados com o uso de gás argônio, mostrando-se eficientes para macroinclusões porém, com excessiva geração de pinholes nos tarugos. Além destes, testes realizados com nitrogênio em apenas um veio para qualidade semelhantes se mostraram muito promissores, levando a segurança quanto à realização do uso de nitrogênio nos três veios. Como resultado, as análises indicaram uma melhora da lingotabilidade do aço, quase nenhuma presença de pinholes e isenção de macroinclusões nos tarugos. Também foi possível notar uma redução significativa do número de inclusões presentes nas barras laminadas quando comparadas às corridas onde o uso de gás não foi realizado.For the accomplishment of this work, tests were carried out on an industrial scale in a steel mill focused on the production of steels for the automotive industry. The work is based on the study of the effect of the injection of nitrogen gas by the tip of the stopper rod used in the continuous casting tundish. For that, control parameters were evaluated for the presence of macroinclusions, lingobility throughout the tests, as well as the presence of pinholes in the billets and deposits in the submerged valves. In order to verify the influence of nitrogen under the chemical composition, the nitrogen pick-up of the tested races was also evaluated. Liquid steel samplings at the tundish, billets and bars were performed to evaluate the behavior of the inclusions. Sampling of SEM’s deposits with and without nitrogen injection by buffers was performed to evaluate the accumulation of inclusions in the site and the tendency to "clogging". Previous tests were performed with the use of argon gas, being efficient for macroinclusions, but with excessive generation of pinholes in the billets. In addition, tests performed with nitrogen on only one shaft for similar quality showed very promising, leading to safety regarding the use of nitrogen in the three veins. As a result, the analyzes indicated an improvement of the ingotability of the steel, almost no presence of pinholes and exemption of macroinclusions in the billets. It was also possible to notice a significant reduction in the number of inclusions present in the rolled bars when compared to the runs where the gas use was not performed

Delmiro Gouveia, a escola e o ensino obrigatório de música

O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a realidade da educação musical e do ensino obrigatório de música no contexto escolar da educação básica estadual de Alagoas, com foco no município de Delmiro Gouveia. Utiliza-se como procedimento a pesquisa bibliográfica com base nos trabalhos de Fonterrada (2008), Esperidião (2012), Penna (2008), entre outros. Salienta-se que cursar música na educação básica é um direito legal de todo aluno, porém é historicamente negligenciado por diversas justificativas que vão desde a falta de conhecimentos específicos em função da formação docente até falta de recursos específicos. Apresenta-se ainda o projeto Coral Pedagógico: Educação Musical e sua relevância para a educação musical no âmbito estadual alagoano

ESTRATEGIAS PARA MINIMIZAR LOS RIESGOS ERGONÓMICOS EN TRABAJADORES DE LIMPIEZA: REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA

Objective: to identify strategies to minimize ergonomic risks in the cleaning staff.Method: an integrative review, carried out on LILACS, Scopus, and MEDLINE/PUBMED databases, between August and September of 2019. The descriptors “ergonomics”, “cleaning service”, and their synonyms were combined using Boolean operators.Results: from the 21 articles analyzed, intervention studies prevailed and were classified with a level of evidence 2 (52%); carried out in the year 2012 (33.3%), in Sweden (38%), with hospital cleaning staff (47.6%). The use of ergonomic education strategies, changes in work tools, aerobic exercise, a method for risk assessment, surveillance protocol, task diary, updating with organizational and psychosocial factors at work were evidenced.Conclusion: the evidenced strategies proved to be effective and may contribute, for the health area, in the promotion and recovery of the physical condition of the cleaning staff.Objetivo: identificar estrategias para la minimización de los riesgos ergonómicos en trabajadores de limpieza. Método: revisión integradora, realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, Scopus y MEDLINE/PUBMED, entre agosto y septiembre de 2019. Los descriptores “ergonomía”, “servicio de limpieza” y sus sinónimos fueron combinados por operadores booleanos. Resultados: entre los 21 artículos analizados, prevalecieron los estudios de intervención clasificados con nivel de evidencia 2 (52%); realizados en 2012 (33,3%), en Suecia (38%), con trabajadores de limpieza hospitalaria (47,6%). Se evidenció la utilización de estrategias de educación ergonómica, modificaciones en las herramientas de trabajo, ejercicio aeróbico, método para la evaluación del riesgo, protocolo de vigilancia, diario de tareas, contextualización con los factores organizacionales y psicosociales del trabajo. Conclusión: las estrategias evidenciadas se mostraron eficaces y podrán contribuir, en el campo de la salud, en la promoción de la salud y recuperación de las afecciones físicas que padecen los trabajadores de limpieza.Objetivo: identificar estratégias para minimização dos riscos ergonômicos em trabalhadores de limpeza.Método: revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases LILACS, Scopus e MEDLINE/PUBMED, entre agosto e setembro de 2019. Os descritores “ergonomia”, “serviço de limpeza” e seus sinônimos foram combinados por operadores booleanos.Resultados: dos 21 artigos analisados, prevaleceram estudos de intervenção e classificados com nível de evidência 2 (52%); realizados em 2012 (33,3%), na Suécia (38%), com trabalhadores de limpeza hospitalar (47,6%). Evidenciou-se a utilização de estratégias de educação ergonômica, modificações nas ferramentas de trabalho, exercício aeróbico, método para avaliação de risco, protocolo de vigilância, diário de tarefas, contextualização com os fatores organizacionais e psicossociais do trabalho.Conclusão: as estratégias evidenciadas mostraram-se eficazes e poderão contribuir, para o campo da saúde, na promoção e recuperação de acometimentos físicos dos trabalhadores de limpeza

CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIODEMOGRÁFICA E OCUPACIONAL DE TRABALHADORES DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA

O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional de trabalhadores das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Desenvolveu-se a investigação nas unidades junto aos trabalhadores das equipes, que responderam ao questionário. A coleta ocorreu entre novembro de 2012 e agosto de 2013. Os dados coletados foram processados e submetidos à analise descritiva no SPSS. Participaram da pesquisa 282 profissionais: médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, agentes comunitários de saúde, dentistas e técnicos de higiene bucal. Tais profissionais são, majoritariamente, do sexo feminino, jovens com idade até 33 anos, com apenas um vínculo empregatício. A categoria profissional predominante foi constituída pelos agentes comunitários de saúde. A maior parte dos trabalhadores possui ensino fundamental e médio e exerce função de nível técnico e médio. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam características, em sua maioria, comuns aos trabalhadores de outros cenários de pesquisas presentes na literatura. Acredita-se que podem ser aplicadas no conhecimento das verdadeiras realidades das equipes de saúde da família, oportunizando transformações efetivas na sua atuação profissional sintonizadas às políticas públicas em saúde locais e do Brasil

Aerossacolitis and pneumonia in an indian peafowl caused by Lactobacillus agilis

Background: The peafowl is an ornamental bird that has the habit of eating directly from the earthy soil, which makes this bird more susceptible to endoparasites. One important endoparasite is Eucoleus contortus, which leads to inflammatory processes that alter the local microbiota, potentializing disease. By the other way, a member of the bird’s microbiota there is the genus Lactobacillus, but when occurs some imbalance, these bacteria can overgrowth and even cause some infection. This report describes the pathological and microbiological findings of chronic necrotizing pneumonia and aerossacolitis caused by Lactobacillus agilis in a peafowl, associated with parasitism by E. contortus. Case: A peafowl (Pavo cristatus), adult, male, who lived on a farm with contact with other species of animal, was submitted to post-mortem examination due to sudden death. This animal lived in an extensive system on the property and was the only one of its species. During the gross evaluation, the air sacs were filled with solid yellowish crumbly material. The same material was observed forming well-defined nodules that occupied > 50% of the lung parenchyma. Histological analysis showed multiple parabronchi dilated and filled with caseous necrosis, characterized by abundant cellular debris and fibrin deposition. These areas were surrounded by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The air sacs parenchyma showed fibrin deposition and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Multiple gram-positive bacilli were observed within the caseous foci in Gram-stained slides. In the crop and esophageal mucosa, cross-sections of filiform nematodes morphologically compatible with E. contortus were associated with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and epidermal hyperkeratosis. A lung section was submitted to Gram-Brown-Hopps and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stains for bacterial investigation, and Grocott’s methenamine silver (GMS) stain for fungal investigation. Short gram-positive bacilli bacteria are observed within the caseous foci in Gram-stained slides. By the other way, no agents were identified on the ZN and GMS stains. Following the analysis, lung fragments were cultivated at aerobic and microaerophilic conditions on sheep blood agar and McConkey agar. All the microbial cultures were incubated at 37°C to 48 h. Pure culture, in microaerophilic condition, of Gram-positive bacilli, was observed. The isolated bacterium was identified by MALDI-TOF MS as L. agilis. Discussion: Although uncommon, L. agilis was the single bacterium identified and therefore, associated as a primary cause of necrotic pneumonia and aerossacolitis in the studied peafowl. The presence of E. contortus could induce the aspiration of regurgitated of little amount of material from the gastrointestinal tract with sufficient bacterial load to initiate an infection, but not enough to smother the animal. The gradual aspiration can induce a chronic inflammatory condition. Infections by bacteria from the host microbiota have been observed in animals and humans with immunodeficiency. In summary, both the parasitosis and the inflammation could be resulted by the parasite and the aspiration of gastric product, which probably interfered in the immune response and allowed the overgrowth of L. agilis. In the current case report, based on macroscopic, microscopic and bacteriological results, we have provided insights to understand how the parasitosis made possible a pneumonia from a bacterium from the host’s microbiota. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Lactobacillus agilis as causal agent of fatal necrotic pneumonia and aerossacolitis in peafowl

Aerossacolitis and Pneumonia in an Indian Peafowl Caused by Lactobacillus agilis

Background: The peafowl is an ornamental bird that has the habit of eating directly from the earthy soil, which makes this bird more susceptible to endoparasites. One important endoparasite is Eucoleus contortus, which leads to inflammatory processes that alter the local microbiota, potentializing disease. By the other way, a member of the bird’s microbiota there is the genus Lactobacillus, but when occurs some imbalance, these bacteria can overgrowth and even cause some infection. This report describes the pathological and microbiological findings of chronic necrotizing pneumonia and aerossacolitis caused by Lactobacillus agilis in a peafowl, associated with parasitism by E. contortus. Case: A peafowl (Pavo cristatus), adult, male, who lived on a farm with contact with other species of animal, was submitted to post-mortem examination due to sudden death. This animal lived in an extensive system on the property and was the only one of its species. During the gross evaluation, the air sacs were filled with solid yellowish crumbly material. The same material was observed forming well-defined nodules that occupied > 50% of the lung parenchyma. Histological analysis showed multiple parabronchi dilated and filled with caseous necrosis, characterized by abundant cellular debris and fibrin deposition. These areas were surrounded by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages, giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The air sacs parenchyma showed fibrin deposition and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Multiple gram-positive bacilli were observed within the caseous foci in Gram-stained slides. In the crop and esophageal mucosa, cross-sections of filiform nematodes morphologically compatible with E. contortus were associated with chronic inflammatory infiltrate and epidermal hyperkeratosis. A lung section was submitted to Gram-Brown-Hopps and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stains for bacterial investigation, and Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) stain for fungal investigation. Short gram-positive bacilli bacteria are observed within the caseous foci in Gram-stained slides. By the other way, no agents were identified on the ZN and GMS stains. Following the analysis, lung fragments were cultivated at aerobic and microaerophilic conditions on sheep blood agar and McConkey agar. All the microbial cultures were incubated at 37°C to 48 h. Pure culture, in microaerophilic condition, of Gram-positive bacilli, was observed. The isolated bacterium was identified by MALDI-TOF MS as L. agilis.Discussion: Although uncommon, L. agilis was the single bacterium identified and therefore, associated as a primary cause of necrotic pneumonia and aerossacolitis in the studied peafowl. The presence of E. contortus could induce the aspiration of regurgitated of little amount of material from the gastrointestinal tract with sufficient bacterial load to initiate an infection, but not enough to smother the animal. The gradual aspiration can induce a chronic inflammatory condition. Infections by bacteria from the host microbiota have been observed in animals and humans with immunodeficiency. In summary, both the parasitosis and the inflammation could be resulted by the parasite and the aspiration of gastric product, which probably interfered in the immune response and allowed the overgrowth of L. agilis. In the current case report, based on macroscopic, microscopic and bacteriological results, we have provided insights to understand how the parasitosis made possible a pneumonia from a bacterium from the host's microbiota. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. agilis as causal agent of fatal necrotic pneumonia and aerossacolitis in peafowl.Keywords: respiratory infection, ornamental birds, secondary infection, parasitosis

Adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial em dois modelos de atenção à saúde.

A Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) e a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) são dois modelos diferentes de assistência na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Objetivou-se comparar o grau de adesão a terapêutica medicamentosa de indivíduos com hipertensão assistidos em Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). O estudo teve a participação de 63 indivíduos da ESF e 51 da UBS. Aplicou-se questionários para identificar o perfil da população e avaliar a adesão (teste de Morisky-Green – TMG). Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e, para a análise de associação, os testes Goodman e odds ratio. As variáveis idade, sexo feminino e sedentarismo apresentaram-se homogêneas em ambos os grupos. Entre as variáveis estudadas, apenas a idade mostrou diferença significante, pois pessoas com menos de 60 anos demonstraram menor adesão ao tratamento. Houve diferença significativa na adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso (ESF > UBS). Conclui-se que a melhor adesão foi na ESF, mas ambas foram consideradas abaixo do desejado.&nbsp

Students’ interests in biodiversity: links with health and sustainability

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that sustainable actions to preserve biodiversity are critical to preventing new microorganisms from harming human health. In this sense, education and encouraging young people’s interest in local biodiversity are crucial to promoting its preservation and sustainability. This research studied the biodiversity interests of 14–15-year-old students in São Paulo State, focusing on the links between biodiversity and human health. The criterion of maximum variation was used to constitute a heterogeneous sample of students. Students answered a four-point Likert questionnaire. The items in this questionnaire were divided into categories related to the interest of young people in biodiversity, and these were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon test). Categories of biodiversity linked to “health or human utility” were of higher interest to young people than those with no links to human benefits, such as “diversity of organisms”. These findings, along with the literature, showed that young people are interested in biodiversity issues associated with human health. Therefore, teaching biodiversity should reflect on new possibilities for making a more sustainable environment and promoting social and environmental justice, fundamental aspects of promoting and guaranteeing human health.This research was funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)(grant #2018/21756-0, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant#2019/08689-4, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grant# 2016/05843-4, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)), the FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FCT), grant number SFRH/BD/79512/2011 and RESEARCH CENTRE ON CHILD STUDIES (R&D Unit 317 of FCT; projects UIDB/00317/2020 and UIDP/00317/2020) and the CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education—Personnel)