Septoglomus nigrum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from France, Germany and Switzerland

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Septoglomus nigrum, was found in several agricultural field sites in France, Germany and Switzerland, especially in extensively to intensively managed natural meadows and pastures and in extensively managed cropping systems. The fungus was propagated in trap pots and single species cultures on Lolium perenne, Trifolium pratense, Plantago lanceolata and Hieracium pilosella. It differentiates black spores with triple-layered walls, 95–175× 90–170 μm in diameter, formed singly in soils or rarely in roots. Phylogenetically, it forms a distinct clade close to S. altomontanum and S. africanum, which can morphologically be distinguished from spores of S. nigrum by the characteristics of the spore wall and by the color, size and shape of the subtending hyphae. An identification key is provided that differentiates all species so far described in Septoglomus

ANALYSIS OF THE APPROACH TO THE ATLANTIC FOREST IN HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEXTBOOKS

Os livros didáticos (LD) são o principal instrumento pedagógico de alunos e professores. A análise desses manuais possibilita apontar várias deficiências em relação à abordagem dos conteúdos. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a abordagem sobre a Mata Atlântica, considerada um dos ambientes mais degradados do mundo. Foram analisados sete LD de Biologia do Ensino Médio, seguindo um roteiro avaliativo que verificaram informações gerais, os fatores bióticos e abióticos e a preservação ambiental e ação antrópica. Os itens foram analisados quanto a uma abordagem satisfatória ou insatisfatória na avaliação das obras. De forma geral, o tema Mata Atlântica foi contemplado por todas as obras avaliadas, inclusive com tópicos específicos, contudo, alguns aspectos como o uso das imagens foram realizados inadequadamente, levando ao entendimento errado da Mata Atlântica. Além disso, a dinâmica do ecossistema, seus componentes e os impactos ambientais não foram abordados satisfatoriamente na maioria das obras avaliadas. Revisões periódicas desses manuais são de fundamental importância para assegurar uma formação dos alunos que possibilite a condição de analisar e conhecer os efeitos de suas ações sobre o meio ambiente e refletir sobre formas de amenizá-las, podendo intervir sobre elas.Palavras-chave: Livro didático de Biologia, Mata Atlântica, análise de conteúdos.The textbooks are the main teaching tool for students and teachers. The analysis of these books enables point out several shortcomings in relation to the contents approach. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the approach to the Atlantic Forest, considered one of the most degraded environments of the world. A total of seven high school biology textbooks were analyzed, following an evaluation script with general information, biotic and abiotic factors, environmental conservation and anthropic action, which were considered as satisfactory or unsatisfactory in the textbooks evaluation. In general, the Atlantic Forest theme has been addressed by all assessed books, including specific topics, however, some aspects such as the use of images was made improperly, leading to misunderstandings about Atlantic forest. In addition, ecosystem dynamics, its components and the environmental impacts have not been addressed satisfactorily in the majority of the works assessed. In general, the theme Atlantic Forest has been addressed by all assessed books, including specific topics, however, many aspects of this theme presented problems in their approach: update, concepts, definitions and importance, and also presented problems in their illustration of the current situation of Atlantic Forest. Periodic revisions of these textbooks are of great importance to assure student formation that allows them to analyze and know the effects of their actions on the environment and to reflect on ways to alleviates them.Keywords: biology textbooks; ecosystem; contents analysis

Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia gladioli Isolated from Mangrove Sediments Using Alternative Substrates

Biosurfactants are surface-active agents produced by a variety of microorganisms. To make biosurfactant production economically feasible, several alternative carbon sources have been proposed. This study describes biosurfactant production by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia gladioli isolated from mangrove sediments in Northeastern Brazil and cultured in mineral media enriched with waste cooking oil. The biosurfactants were tested for drop collapse, emulsion formation and stability and surface tension. P. aeruginosa performed better both at lowering the surface tension (from 69 to 28 mN/m) and at forming stable emulsions (approximately 80%) at 48 hours of culture. The strains tested in this study were found to be efficient biosurfactant producers when cultured on substrates enriched with vegetable oil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i5.77

Alterações da qualidade do sono em idosos e sua relação com doenças crônicas/ Changes in sleep quality in elderly people and their relationship with chronic disease

A qualidade do sono é um fator de forte influência para a vida, sendo classificado um indicador de saúde mental, bem-estar fisiológico, emocional, cognitivo e físico, portanto um padrão irregular do sono, com sua qualidade diminuída, pode ser a causa da predisposição a várias doenças em idosos. A interrupção no padrão regular do sono apresenta-se em aproximadamente 8 a 18% da população geral e cerca de 50 a 70% da população idosa, sendo a má qualidade do sono uma queixa comum entre os idosos. Nesse contexto nota-se que o padrão do sono entre idosos é bastante irregular, tal fato é preocupante, pois a má qualidade deste, leva a uma redução na qualidade de vida e bem-estar, sendo de grande importância estudos que abordem a temática do sono em idosos. Com isso a presente pesquisa visa descrever as alterações da qualidade do sono entre idosos e sua relação com doenças crônicas. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura na qual as bibliotecas de dados MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS e MEDCARIB foram consultadas para o levantamento de artigos científicos. A diminuição da qualidade do sono leva a consequências na saúde física e mental dos idosos, levando ao aparecimento e agravamento de doenças, afetando processos cerebrais e orgânicos, acarretando ao déficit na fixação da memória, na estabilidade psicoafetiva, na termorregulação corporal, na conservação e restauração do metabolismo energético cerebral, leva a predisposição a diabetes, hipertensão, doença coronária, obesidade, depressão, ansiedade, insônia e risco aumentado para morte

Biosurfactant Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia gladioli Isolated from Mangrove Sediments Using Alternative Substrates

Biosurfactants are surface-active agents produced by a variety of microorganisms. To make biosurfactant production economically feasible, several alternative carbon sources have been proposed. This study describes biosurfactant production by strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia gladioli isolated from mangrove sediments in Northeastern Brazil and cultured in mineral media enriched with waste cooking oil. The biosurfactants were tested for drop collapse, emulsion formation and stability and surface tension. P. aeruginosa performed better both at lowering the surface tension (from 69 to 28 mN/m) and at forming stable emulsions (approximately 80%) at 48 hours of culture. The strains tested in this study were found to be efficient biosurfactant producers when cultured on substrates enriched with vegetable oil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i5.77

Descrição dos casos hospitalizados pela COVID-19 em profissionais de saúde nas primeiras nove semanas da pandemia, Brasil, 2020

Objective. Describing the COVID-19 hospitalization in health professionals in Brazil. Methods. Serial cases descriptive study; we included the cases with illness between February 21st and April 15th, 2020; registered in Flu Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe, in Brazilian acronym). Results. From the 184 (1.76%) cases, 110 (59.8%) were female, with a median age of 44 years (min-max: 23-85). Of the 184, 89 (48.4%) are nursing professionals and 50 (27.2%) are doctors. Still, 92 (50.0%) presented comorbidity, with heart disease predominating (n = 37; 40.2%). Of the 112 professionals with a record of evolution, 85 (75.9%) were cured and 27 (24.1%) died, 18 (66.7%) of whom were male. Conclusion. The profile descripted is similar to the population’s in age and comorbidities, but different in relation to sex. The most affected areas were nursing and medicine.Objetivo. Descrever os casos hospitalizados pela COVID-19 em profissionais de saúde no Brasil. Métodos. Estudo descritivo de tipo Série de Casos; foram incluídos aqueles com adoecimento entre 21 de fevereiro e 15 de abril de 2020, registrados no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Resultados. Dos 184 casos, 110 (59,8%) eram do sexo feminino, com mediana de idade de 44 anos (mínima-máxima: 23-85), 89 (48,4%) eram profissionais da enfermagem e 50 (27,2%) médicos. Ainda, 92 (50,0%) apresentavam comorbidade, predominando cardiopatias (n=37; 40,2%). Dos 112 profissionais com registro de evolução, 85 (75,9%) alcançaram cura e 27 (24,1%) foram a óbito, 18 destes do sexo masculino. Conclusão. O perfil dos profissionais de saúde hospitalizados por COVID-19 é semelhante ao da população quanto à idade e comorbidades; porém, diferente quanto ao sexo. As áreas profissionais mais acometidas foram a Enfermagem e a Medicina

Professional Satisfaction Of Nurses Working In Operating Room Of A Hospital School

Objective: to characterize in a sociodemographic way the nursing staff of the surgical center; Check the degree of importance assigned to each component of satisfaction: autonomy, interaction, professional status, task requirements, organizational policies, and pay; verify job satisfaction perceived by nurses. Method: exploratory, descriptive, quantitative study, consisting of 9 nurses working in the operating room. The research project was approved by the CEP/HULW, CAAE Nº 24597513.2.0000.5183. Data were collected through questionnaires and then analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS 20. Results: We found that the standby component was considered the most important for job satisfaction and Professional Status least important. Conclusion: nurses have a low level of job satisfaction, impacting the performance of its activities. Descriptors: Job Satisfaction. Perioperative Nursing. Quality of Life

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030