Agriculture and Rural Development as a Main Objective of Polish Cooperation and Development Aid for the Republic of Moldova

Agriculture and development of rural areas are important sectors of Polish-Moldovan cooperation and development aid. Importantly, both of them constitute structural problems, similar to those which faced agriculture in Poland in the 1990s. Through Polish aid and development cooperation, various measures are initiated which increase the competitiveness of Moldovan agricultural production, improve sanitary and phytosanitary conditions, bring technological innovations in agricultural farms, ensure modernization of rural infrastructure, providing support to small and medium-sized entrepreneurs, cooperatives, and agricultural consultants, along with professional activation of the Republic’s residents

Bartłomiej Zdaniuk, Konsolidacja państwa w Republice Mołdawii, published by University of Warsaw, Warsaw 2016, pp. 282.

Bartłomiej Zdaniuk, Konsolidacja państwa w Republice Mołdawii, published by University of Warsaw, Warsaw 2016, pp. 282

The ruling coalitions in the Republic of Moldova after the “Twitter Revolution” – the policy of integration or desintegration?

In 2009, the Republic of Moldova created an alternative to the communist leadership. In 2013, the Alliance for European Integration was replaced by the Alliance for Pro-European Governance, which secured two issues: the signing of the Association Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union, and the interests of local oligarchs. After the parliamentary elections in 2014, as an alternative to the increasingly powerful Igor Dodon’s Party of Socialists, another coalition, the Political Alliance for European Moldova was created and ‘sealed’ by embezzling $ 1 billion from Moldovan banks (12.5% of GDP). The coalition formed in January 2015, was replaced by the re-launched Alliance for European Integration, and then by another coalition without a definite name in January 2016. This extremely expanded political activity is a backdrop for the façade of democracy and the subsequent parliamentary elections scheduled for 2018. The pro-European coalitions in the Republic of Moldova discredited themselves in front of the society as strongly as their predecessors (the communists), causing a state of general disintegration

Działania społeczności międzynarodowej na rzecz likwidacji zjawiska terroryzmu w XX i XXI wieku. Wybrane aspekty działalności ONZ i Unii Europejskiej w zakresie bezpieczeństwa

The main purpose of this article is to determine the causes and scale of the phenomenon of terrorism in the 20th and the 21st century and the action of the international community to eliminate this phenomenon. The first part contains theoretical issues of terrorism. The history of the terrorism phenomenon will be presented, based on a thorough research of the literature. The second part describes several terrorist groups in the world. Al-Qaeda have been listed as examples of the most prevalent, but also the most dangerous groups of this type. The fragment contains the description of the internal structure, strategic objectives and major attacks of each terrorist group as a direct result of their activities. The final part of the thesis deals with the action taken by the international community against terrorism. The European Union and UNO have been taken into consideration as the most active organiza-tions when it comes to terrorism

Polish development assistance for the Republic of Moldova as an example of complementary investment activities in fragile states

Polską pomoc rozwojową dla Republiki Mołdawii można określić mianem inwestycyjnych działań uzupełniających. Celem artykułu jest oszacowanie jej wielkości i scharakteryzowanie poszczególnych projektów. Poruszana problematyka dotyczy również sposobu wdrażania środków pomocowych, w tym charakterystyki modeli funkcjonowania projektodawców i systemowego podejścia do poszczególnych grantów. Zakres pola badawczego obejmuje lata 2008–2018, a więc cezurę czasową, dla której zebrano materiał źródłowy. W artykule wykorzystano dwie metody badawcze: analizy statystycznej i analizy formalno-prawnej. Postawiono następujące pytania badawcze: jaki jest szczegółowy zakres wdrażania polskiej pomocy rozwojowej w Mołdawii? Jakie modele funkcjonowania projektodawców w zakresie ODA wykształtowały się w Republice? Jakie typy projektów finansowano w ramach ODA w Mołdawii po 2004 r.? Republika Mołdawii pod względem inwestycyjnym jest terenem specyficznym. Realizowane tu projekty odbiegają od wyobrażenia europejskiego, skoncentrowanego wokół przemysłu 4.0 zmierzającego do wdrażania w gospodarce procesów automatyzacji, robotyzacji i zaawansowanych technologii. Większość grantów wdrażanych na trenie Republiki dotyczy tymczasem podstawowych potrzeb o charakterze politycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym. Ich realizacja jest źródłem postępu we wskazanych trzech obszarach, bowiem w wielu przypadkach skoncentrowana jest na zapewnianiu podstawowych potrzeb życiowych. Jeśli nawet kwoty udzielanej przez Polskę pomocy nie są wysokie, to za decydujący należy uznać sam fakt zrealizowania określonej inwestycji.Polish Development Assistance for the Republic of Moldova can be described as complementary investment activities. The aim of the article is to estimate its size and to characterize individual projects. The discussed issues also concern the method of implementing aid measures, including the characteristics of the models of the project promoters’ functioning and the systemic approach to individual grants. The scope of the research field covers the years 2008–2018. The article uses two research methods: statistical analysis and formal and legal analysis. The following research questions were posed: What is the detailed scope of the implementation of the Polish development aid in Moldova? Which models of functioning of project promoters within ODA have been developed in the Republic of Moldova? What types of projects have been financed by ODA in Moldova after 2004? The Republic of Moldova is a specific area in terms of investment. The projects implemented here differ from the European image, which is focused on industry 4.0 aimed at the implementation of automation, robotization and advanced technologies in the country’s economy. Most of the grants implemented in the territory of the Republic concern basic needs of a political, social and economic nature. Their implementation is a source of progress in the three indicated areas, because, in many cases, it is focused on providing basic life needs. Even if the amounts of aid granted by Poland are not high, the fact that a specific investment has been completed should be considered decisive

Polish development assistance for the Republic of Moldova as an example of complementary investment activities in fragile states

Polską pomoc rozwojową dla Republiki Mołdawii można określić mianem inwestycyjnych działań uzupełniających. Celem artykułu jest oszacowanie jej wielkości i scharakteryzowanie poszczególnych projektów. Poruszana problematyka dotyczy również sposobu wdrażania środków pomocowych, w tym charakterystyki modeli funkcjonowania projektodawców i systemowego podejścia do poszczególnych grantów. Zakres pola badawczego obejmuje lata 2008–2018, a więc cezurę czasową, dla której zebrano materiał źródłowy. W artykule wykorzystano dwie metody badawcze: analizy statystycznej i analizy formalno-prawnej. Postawiono następujące pytania badawcze: jaki jest szczegółowy zakres wdrażania polskiej pomocy rozwojowej w Mołdawii? Jakie modele funkcjonowania projektodawców w zakresie ODA wykształtowały się w Republice? Jakie typy projektów finansowano w ramach ODA w Mołdawii po 2004 r.? Republika Mołdawii pod względem inwestycyjnym jest terenem specyficznym. Realizowane tu projekty odbiegają od wyobrażenia europejskiego, skoncentrowanego wokół przemysłu 4.0 zmierzającego do wdrażania w gospodarce procesów automatyzacji, robotyzacji i zaawansowanych technologii. Większość grantów wdrażanych na trenie Republiki dotyczy tymczasem podstawowych potrzeb o charakterze politycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym. Ich realizacja jest źródłem postępu we wskazanych trzech obszarach, bowiem w wielu przypadkach skoncentrowana jest na zapewnianiu podstawowych potrzeb życiowych. Jeśli nawet kwoty udzielanej przez Polskę pomocy nie są wysokie, to za decydujący należy uznać sam fakt zrealizowania określonej inwestycji.Polish Development Assistance for the Republic of Moldova can be described as complementary investment activities. The aim of the article is to estimate its size and to characterize individual projects. The discussed issues also concern the method of implementing aid measures, including the characteristics of the models of the project promoters’ functioning and the systemic approach to individual grants. The scope of the research field covers the years 2008–2018. The article uses two research methods: statistical analysis and formal and legal analysis. The following research questions were posed: What is the detailed scope of the implementation of the Polish development aid in Moldova? Which models of functioning of project promoters within ODA have been developed in the Republic of Moldova? What types of projects have been financed by ODA in Moldova after 2004? The Republic of Moldova is a specific area in terms of investment. The projects implemented here differ from the European image, which is focused on industry 4.0 aimed at the implementation of automation, robotization and advanced technologies in the country’s economy. Most of the grants implemented in the territory of the Republic concern basic needs of a political, social and economic nature. Their implementation is a source of progress in the three indicated areas, because, in many cases, it is focused on providing basic life needs. Even if the amounts of aid granted by Poland are not high, the fact that a specific investment has been completed should be considered decisive

Implementation of the structural funds in the sector of arts and culture in Poland in 2007 – 2013

The purpose of the following article is to analyze the implementation of structural funds in the arts and culture sector of in Poland in the years 2007 – 2013. The subject of the study consists of 980 contracted projects implemented in 2007 – 2013 in 16 provinces. We have selected only those that have been co-financed from the structural funds, namely the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), from which 4.93 billion PLN funding had been acquired for the mentioned 980 projects. The largest number of investments was realized in the Silesian province – 135, and the least in the Lubusz – 10. The largest share in the disbursement of structural funds was in the Mazovian province – 797.2 million PLN

The impact of the economic transformation on the process of forming the elites in the countries of the South Caucasus (selected aspects)

Internally polarized counter-elites, that are often involved in corporate in-terests, do not have enough power to oppose the negative manifestations of economic transformation. In the countries of the South Caucasus, there are two types of business elites, the internal and the external ones, which „grew up” from the economic trans-formation. The external elites result from the privatization process, in which primarily Russians and Kazakhs are engaged. Concerning their interests in the region, they are lobbying the decision-making processes, while the local elites create the aforementioned mentioned „representative system”. The wealth fac-tor is therefore the way to exercise power. The research on business elites remains a discursive issue, which seems to be an endless subject to develop. Its analysis opens a broad discussion on the methodology of the study of elites, both in terms of their mechanisms and characteristics, as well as the theory itself

Polish development assistance for the Republic of Moldova as an example of complementary investment activities in fragile states

Polską pomoc rozwojową dla Republiki Mołdawii można określić mianem inwestycyjnych działań uzupełniających. Celem artykułu jest oszacowanie jej wielkości i scharakteryzowanie poszczególnych projektów. Poruszana problematyka dotyczy również sposobu wdrażania środków pomocowych, w tym charakterystyki modeli funkcjonowania projektodawców i systemowego podejścia do poszczególnych grantów. Zakres pola badawczego obejmuje lata 2008–2018, a więc cezurę czasową, dla której zebrano materiał źródłowy. W artykule wykorzystano dwie metody badawcze: analizy statystycznej i analizy formalno-prawnej. Postawiono następujące pytania badawcze: jaki jest szczegółowy zakres wdrażania polskiej pomocy rozwojowej w Mołdawii? Jakie modele funkcjonowania projektodawców w zakresie ODA wykształtowały się w Republice? Jakie typy projektów finansowano w ramach ODA w Mołdawii po 2004 r.? Republika Mołdawii pod względem inwestycyjnym jest terenem specyficznym. Realizowane tu projekty odbiegają od wyobrażenia europejskiego, skoncentrowanego wokół przemysłu 4.0 zmierzającego do wdrażania w gospodarce procesów automatyzacji, robotyzacji i zaawansowanych technologii. Większość grantów wdrażanych na trenie Republiki dotyczy tymczasem podstawowych potrzeb o charakterze politycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym. Ich realizacja jest źródłem postępu we wskazanych trzech obszarach, bowiem w wielu przypadkach skoncentrowana jest na zapewnianiu podstawowych potrzeb życiowych. Jeśli nawet kwoty udzielanej przez Polskę pomocy nie są wysokie, to za decydujący należy uznać sam fakt zrealizowania określonej inwestycji.Polish Development Assistance for the Republic of Moldova can be described as complementary investment activities. The aim of the article is to estimate its size and to characterize individual projects. The discussed issues also concern the method of implementing aid measures, including the characteristics of the models of the project promoters’ functioning and the systemic approach to individual grants. The scope of the research field covers the years 2008–2018. The article uses two research methods: statistical analysis and formal and legal analysis. The following research questions were posed: What is the detailed scope of the implementation of the Polish development aid in Moldova? Which models of functioning of project promoters within ODA have been developed in the Republic of Moldova? What types of projects have been financed by ODA in Moldova after 2004? The Republic of Moldova is a specific area in terms of investment. The projects implemented here differ from the European image, which is focused on industry 4.0 aimed at the implementation of automation, robotization and advanced technologies in the country’s economy. Most of the grants implemented in the territory of the Republic concern basic needs of a political, social and economic nature. Their implementation is a source of progress in the three indicated areas, because, in many cases, it is focused on providing basic life needs. Even if the amounts of aid granted by Poland are not high, the fact that a specific investment has been completed should be considered decisive

The problem of political leadership in the Republic of Moldova during the 1989-2009 period

When analyzing the questions of political leadership in the period between the years 1989 and 2009, it is essential to indicate the aims and progressions of the series of changes. These changes were mainly pertaining to the political elites' development and parliamentary elections. After 1989, a total collapse of the Soviet ideological monopoly took place, not only in Moldova, but also in other socialist countries, therefore shaping a new set of rules governing the political life and leadership of each nation respectively. Changes to the system that have taken place in the Republic of Moldova should be treated as a result of the following factors: the formation of the independence movement and the National Front, along with the logistical support from international institutions that helped to strengthen the statehood and the social affirmation of the nation. Since its independence, the Republic of Moldova, has witnessed an ongoing struggle for state sovereignty and political leadership stability. The years between 1991-2009 with respect to political leadership have become a visible example of a leadership characterized as authoritarian and autocratic. Political elites were characterized as „disabled” in relation to the role of Russia in the region. This condition has since been observed, despite many reforms having been introduced. The institution of political leadership in the Republic of Moldova between 1989-2009 was deprived of social authority, which in turn made the country's political system a non-consolidated one